1、MBA 联考-英语-18 及答案解析(总分：96.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Vocabulary(总题数：12，分数：6.00)1.The opposition party demands that those cabinet members who are involved in the recent scandal should _.A. let down B. step down C. put down D. come down（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.John was very upset because he was _ by the police
2、with breaking the law.A. sentenced B. arrested C. accused D. charged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Her father will never _ of her going to study in the United States alone.A. prove B. agree C. admit D. approve（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.This research has attracted wide _ coverage and has featured on BBC television s Tom
3、orrow s World.A. message B. information C. media D. data（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal _ to employment opportunities.A. entrance B. entry C. access D. admission（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.Voices were _ as the argument between the two motori
4、sts became more bad-tempered.A. swollen B. increased C. developed D. raised（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.Thanks for the advice, but this is something I have to _ out myself.A. fulfill B. identify C. figure D. claim（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.She _ some important details in her account, which aroused the polices suspici
5、on.A. left off B. left out C. left for D. left over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.We should concentrate on sharply reducing interest rates to pull the economy out of _.A. rejection B. restriction C. retreat D. recession（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.He bought his house on the _ plan, paying a certain amount of money each
6、month.A. division B. premium C. installment D. investment（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.Working far away from home, Jerry had to _ from downtown to his office every day.A. wander B. commute C. ramble D. motion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.The poor lady was too _ and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A. engaged B. exh
7、austed C. ignorant D. energetic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often, (21) , governments act in an even more harmful way. T
8、hey actually subsidize the exploitation and (22) of natural resources. A whole (23) of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and (often) (24) no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold (25) : a cleane r environment and a more efficient econ
9、omy. Growth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to (26) the vested interest that subsidies create.No activity affects more of the earths surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planets land area, not (27) Antarctica, and the proportion is rising.
10、 World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in (28) from land already in (29) , but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a (30)
11、 in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s.All these activities may have (31) environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single (32) of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may (33) water supplies; more intensive farm
12、ing and the abandonment of fallow periods (34) exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the (35) of old varieties of food plants which (36) some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens th
13、e productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, (37) the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate (38) to diminish the soils productivity. The country subsequently (39) a program to conve
14、rt 11 per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is (40) much faster than in America.（分数：10.00）(1).A. when B. while C. which D. where（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. probable B. capable C. likely D. hopeful（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. set up B. take up C. build up D. make up（分数：0
15、.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. vanishing B. staying C. appearing D. dissolving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. however B. therefore C. but D. hence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. conjunction B. compensation C. consumption D. constitution（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. area B. range C. scope D. field（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. take B. hold
16、C. lose D. make（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. profit B. bonus C. benefit D. prize（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. confront B. confine C. conform D. confuse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. thinking B. considering C. longing D. counting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. outputs B. supplies C. yields D. outcomes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A
17、. revolution B. civilization C. reservation D. cultivation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. doubling B. reducing C. dismissing D. repeating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. destroying B. damaging C. injuring D. ruining（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. excuse B. justification C. cause D. ground（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. purify B
18、. clean C. dirty D. contaminate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. come to B. bring to C. tend to D. stand to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. disappearance B. discovery C. disposition D. disturbance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. must have been provided B. might have providedC. must have provided D. might have been provided（
19、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been acc
20、omplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged.
21、An example is Johanna Bachofens 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.,Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient soc
22、ieties. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs-societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that dra
23、wn from Herodotus, the Greek “historian“ of the fifth century B.C., who speaks of an Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle.Nonetheless, this assumption that the first reco
24、rders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact-real Amazonian societies-but rather to offer “moral le
25、ssons“ on the supposed outcome of women rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as those of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordi
26、nary Greek practices.Thus, I would argue, the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were used as
27、 arguments for the male-dominated status quoin, in which groups composed exclusively of other sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society. Bachofen was thus misled in this reliance on myths for information about the status of women. The sources that will probably tell con
28、temporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills, and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, espec
29、ially myths.（分数：10.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to _. A. compare competing new approaches to understanding the role of women in ancient societiesB. investigate Bachofens theory about the dominance of women in ancient societiesC. analyze the nature of Amazonian society and uncover sim
30、ilarities between it and the GreekD. criticize the value of ancient myths in determining the status of women in ancient societies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author suggests that the main reason for the persisting influence of Bachofens work is that _.A. feminists have shown little interest in ancient s
31、ocietiesB. Bachofens knowledge of Amazonian culture is unparalleledC. reliable information about the ancient world is difficult to acquireD. historians have been primarily interested in the modern period（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The following problems are thought to be connected with the Sources for know
32、ledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT _.A. partial completeness B. restricted accessibilityC. limited quantity D. difficulty of interpretation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors attitude toward Bachofens treatise is best described as one of _.A. qualified approval B. profound ambiguityC. studied neutralit
33、y D. pointed disagreement（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author cites the case of Johann Bachofen mainly to _.A. show the value of studies on premodern womens statusB. justify the unchallenging works of earlier scholarsC. present to readers an ancient women-ruled communityD. prove the difficulty in the res
34、earch of premodern cultures（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Migration is usually defined as “permanent or semi-permanent change of residence“. However, our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements often exceed internat
35、ional movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants.Students of human migration speak of “push“ and “pull“ factors, which influence an individuals decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated
36、with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factor
37、s do influence their choice of destination).Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and ma
38、terial well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place
39、 who are willing to help the newcomers settle in.Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles.“ Even if push and (or) pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and co
40、st of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors“ of the potential migrant. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may a
41、ppear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of p
42、eople causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.（分数：10.00）(1).The author thinks that pull
43、factors _.A. are all related to economic considerationsB. are not as decisive as push factorsC. include a variety of considerationsD. are more important than push factors（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).People moving within country borders are often motivated by the desire to _.A. follow suitB. live close to re
44、lativesC. integrate themselves into the mainstream societyD. escape persecution（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It is implied in the last paragraph that _.A. push and pull factors are complicated by many other considerations in migrationB. push and pull factors are less important than personal factors of the mi
45、grantsC. push factors affect the older people with families more than unmarried young peopleD. pull factors bring about fewer adjustment problems in the new settlements（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Peoples decisions to migrate might be influenced by all the following EXCEPT _.A. personalities B. educationC.
46、marital status D. abilities（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The purpose of the passage is to discuss _.A. the problems of international migrantsB. the motives of international migrantsC. migration inside the countryD. the adjustment problems experienced by immigrants（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.
47、00)Successful businesses tend to continue implementing the ideas that made them successful. But in a rapidly changing world, ideas often become obsolete overnight. What worked in the past wont necessarily work in the future. In order to thrive in the future, you must constantly create new ideas for
48、every aspect of your business. In fact, you must continually generate new ideas just to keep your head above water. Businesses that arent creative about their future may not survive.Although Bill Gates is the richest, most successful man on the planet, he did not anticipate the Internet. Now hes scr
49、ambling to catch up. If Bill Gates can miss a major aspect of his industry, it can happen to you in your industry. Your business needs to continually innovate and create its future. Gates is now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft. Heres what he said in a recent interview in U.S. News World Report: “Will we be replaced tomorrow? No. In a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company. But when you look to the two-to-three-year
