1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-44 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The country“s inadequate mental health system gets the most attention after instances of mass violence that the nation has seen repeatedly over the past few months. Not all who 1 these sorts of cruelties are mentally ill,
2、 but 2 have been. After each, the national discussion quickly, but temporarily, turns toward the mental health services that may have 3 to prevent another attack. Mental illness usually is not as dangerous or dramatic. 4 23 million Americans live with mental disorder, according to the National Insti
3、tute of Mental Health. Very few of these men and women are 5 mass-murderers; they need help for their own well-being and for that of their 6 . The Affordable Care Act has significantly increased insurance coverage 7 mental health care. But that may not be enough to expand 8 to insufficient mental-he
4、alth-care resources. Rep. Tim Murphy has a bill that would do so. The Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act is more 8 than other recent efforts to reform the system and perhaps has the brightest prospects in a divided Congress. The 9 would reorganize the billions the federal government pours
5、into mental health services. It would 10 the way Medicaid pays for certain mental health treatments. It would fund mental health clinics that 11 certain medical standards. And it would 12 states to adopt policies that allow judges to order some severely mentally ill people to undergo treatment. Not
6、everyone is satisfied. Some patients“ advocates have 13 Mr. Murphy“s approach as coercive and 14 to those who need help. The government should not be expanding the system“s capability to hospitalize or impose treatment on those 15 severe episodes, they say. It should instead be investing in communit
7、y care that 16 the need for more serious treatment. 17 , for a small class who will not accept treatment between hospital visits or repeat arrests, they say, states have good reason to 18 them to accept care, under judicial supervision. Mr. Murphy“s reform package may not prevent the next Sandy Hook
8、. 19 the changes would help relieve a lot of suffering that does not make the front page.（分数：10.00）A.grantB.commitC.affordD.awardA.manyB.fewC.moreD.muchA.requestedB.demandedC.failedD.attemptedA.NeatlyB.ConsiderablyC.NearlyD.HardlyA.inevitableB.necessaryC.certainD.potentialA.careersB.hospitalsC.schoo
9、lsD.familiesA.forB.againstC.withD.withoutA.warningB.accessC.demandD.wayA.preferableB.ineffectiveC.singleD.comprehensiveA.billB.methodC.linkD.lawA.confirmB.changeC.refuseD.holdA.haveB.makeC.meetD.accordA.admitB.pushC.retardD.commandA.praisedB.appreciatedC.scoldedD.condemnedA.harmfulB.beneficialC.unce
10、rtainD.considerateA.looking intoB.taking onC.dealing withD.going throughA.heads offB.interferes withC.takes offD.copes withA.ThusB.BecauseC.HoweverD.AndA.inviteB.allowC.requireD.refuteA.AndB.ButC.ThereforeD.Besides二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How
11、best to solve the pollution problems of a city sunk so deep within sulfurous clouds that it was described as hell on earth? Simply answered: Relocate all urban smoke-creating industry and encircle the metropolis of London with sweetly scented flowers and elegant hedges. In fact, as Christine L. Cort
12、on, a Cambridge scholar, reveals in her new book, London Fog, this fragrant anti-smoke scheme was the brainchild of John Evelyn, the 17th-century diarist. King Charles was said to be much pleased with Evelyn“s idea, and a bill against the smoky nuisance was duly drafted. Then nothing was done. Nobod
13、y at the time, and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century, was willing to put public health above business interests. And yet it“s a surprise to discover how beloved a feature of London life these multicolored fogs became. A painter, Claude Monet, fleeing besieged Paris in 1870, fell in l
14、ove with London“s vaporous, mutating clouds. He looked upon the familiar mist as his reliable collaborator. Visitors from abroad may have delighted in the fog, but homegrown artists lit candles and vainly scrubbed the grime from their gloom-filled studio windows. “Give us light!“ Frederic Leighton p
15、leaded to the guests at a Lord Mayor“s banquet in 1882, begging them to have pity on the poor painter. The more serious side of Corton“s book documents how business has taken precedence over humanity where London“s history of pollution is concerned. A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelli
16、ng to the east were always at most risk. Those who could afford it lived elsewhere. The east was abandoned to the underclass. Lord Palmerston spoke up for choking East Enders in the 1850s, pointing a finger at the interests of the furnace owners. A bill was passed, but there was little change. Event
17、ually, another connection was established: between London“s perpetual veil of smog and its citizens“ cozily smoldering grates. Sadly, popular World War I songs like “Keep the Home Fires Burning“ didn“t do much to encourage the adoption of smokeless fuel. It wasn“t until what came to be known as the
18、“Great Killer Fog“ of 1952 that the casualty rate became impossible to ignore and the British press finally took up the cause. It was left to a Member of Parliament to steer the Clean Air Act into law in 1956. Within a few years, even as the war against pollution was still in its infancy, the dreade
19、d fog began to fade. Corton“s book combines meticulous social history with a wealth of eccentric detail. Thus we learn that London“s ubiquitous plane trees were chosen for their shiny, fog-resistant foliage. It“s discoveries like these that make reading London Fog such an unusual and enlightening ex
20、perience.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.The fragrant anti-smoke scheme was inspired by John Evelyn“s child.B.King Charles was not actually satisfied with Evelyn“s idea.C.The process of drafting the bill against the smoky nuisance was slow.D.It wasn“t
21、 until the middle of the 20th century that someone willingly put public health above commercial interests.(2).The word “grime“ (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.fogB.dirtC.frostD.paint(3).Which of the following would be most heavily affected by London“s pollution according to Corton“s
22、book?（分数：2.00）A.rich dwellers in the east.B.the underclass in the west.C.East London“s slum dwellers.D.servants of furnace owners.(4).The author mainly shows in the last but one paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.“Great Killer Fog“ led to huge mortalityB.The British press was also playing a big roleC.It wa
23、s a long way for Clean Air Act to be passedD.reducing the air pollution worked though it was in the primary stage(5).There were plane trees everywhere in London because they _.（分数：2.00）A.could resist fog and hazeB.were related to social historyC.contained a wealth of eccentric detailD.were shiny and
24、 beautified the environment五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In a sweeping change to how most of its 1,800 employees are paid, the Union Square Hospitality Group will eliminate tipping at Union Square Cafe and its 12 other restaurants by the end of next year, the company“s chief executive, Danny Meyer, said o
25、n Wednesday. The move will affect New York City businesses. The first will be the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art, starting next month. The others will gradually follow. A small number of restaurants around the country have reduced or eliminated tipping in the last several years. Some put a
26、surcharge on the bill, allowing the restaurants to set the pay for all their employees. Others, including Bruno Pizza, a new restaurant in the East Village, factor the cost of an hourly wage for servers into their menu prices. Union Square Hospitality Group will do the latter. The Modern will be the
27、 pilot restaurant, Mr. Meyer said, because its chef, Abram Bissell, has been agitating for higher pay to attract skilled cooks. The average hourly wage for kitchen employees at the restaurant is expected to rise to $15.25 from $11.75. Mr. Meyer said that restaurants such as his needed to stay compet
28、itive as the state moved to a $15 minimum wage for fast-food workers. If cooks“ wages do not keep pace with the cost of living, he said, “it“s not going to be sustainable to attract the culinary talent that the city needs to keep its edge.“ Mr. Meyer said he hoped to be able to raise pay for junior
29、dining room managers and for cooks, dishwashers and other kitchen workers. The wage gap is one of several issues cited by restaurateurs who have deleted the tip line from checks. Some believe it is unfair for servers“ pay to be affected by factors that have nothing to do with performance. A rash of
30、class-action lawsuits over tipping irregularities, many of which have been settled for millions of dollars, is a mounting worry. Scott Rosenberg, an owner of Sushi Yasuda in Manhattan, said in an interview in 2013 that he had eliminated tipping so his restaurant could more closely follow the customs
31、 of Japan, where tipping is rare. He said he also hoped his customers would enjoy leaving the table without having to solve a math problem. While Drew Nieporent, who owns nine restaurants in New York City and one in London, said he doubted the average diner would accept an increase in prices. “Tippi
32、ng is a way of life in this country,“ he said. “It may not be the perfect system, but it“s our system. It“s an American system.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, what would happen in New York City?（分数：2.00）A.1,800 employees of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be paid as much as
33、before.B.Tips in 13 restaurants of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be removed.C.All the business will be affected by Danny Meyer“s action and eliminate tipping.D.There will be a new tipping system in the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art.(2).By “do the latter“ (Para. 2), the writer pro
34、bably means Union Square Hospitality Group will _.（分数：2.00）A.reduce tipsB.decrease pricesC.explain that prices include “hospitality“D.provide blank lines for tips on checks(3).Why does Danny Meyer make the Modem be the first restaurant to eliminate tipping?（分数：2.00）A.Tips can not be distributed to i
35、ts skilled cooks.B.Its chef argues strongly for higher pay to attract culinary talents.C.The wages its cooks earn do not keep pace with the cost of living.D.Compensation chefs receive remains roughly the same with servers“(4).It is unfair that servers“ pay may be affected by EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.thei
36、r serviceB.the weatherC.race and ageD.their customer“s moods(5).The author“s attitude towards tips“ elimination seems to be _.（分数：2.00）A.favorableB.skepticalC.uncertainD.objective六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Anyone who has searched for a job fresh out of college knows how difficult it is to get that firs
37、t job. Sending out hundreds of resumes, only to get a few interviews in the endif you“re lucky!and if you“re very lucky, eventually there“s a job offer on the table. Should you grasp it, or wait for something better to come along the way? It depends on whether you are a “maximizer“ or a “satisficer“
38、. Maximizers want to explore every possible option before choosing a job. They gather every stick of information in the hope of making the best possible decision. If you are a satisficer, however, you make decisions based on the evidence at hand. Simply put, satisficers are more likely to cut their
39、job search short and take the first job offer. Maximizers are more likely to continue searching until a better job offer comes along. Which type of approach yields the better payoff? A maximizer. Specifically, quoting the results of a study of the job search of 548 members of the Class of 2002 by Sh
40、eena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz, the maximizers put themselves through more contortions in the job hunt. They applied to twenty jobs, on average, while satisficers applied to only ten, and they were significantly more likely to make use of outside sources of information and support.
41、But it turned out to be worth it: the job offers they got were significantly better, in terms of salary, than what the satisficers got. Satisficers were offered jobs with an average starting salary of $37, 085; the average starting salary offered to maximizers was $44, 515, more than 20 percent high
42、er. The trouble is, however, that higher pay doesn“t make maximizers a happier group than satisficers. In fact, maximizers were significantly more likely than satisficers to be unhappy with the offers they accepted. Evidently, being a maximizer can help you earn more income, but that income doesn“t
43、buy more happiness, as the maximizer“s likely to agonize over the prospect of a better job offer out there he or she missed. Maximizers may have objectively superior outcomes, but they“re so busy obsessing about all the things that they could have had, they tend to be less happy with the outcomes th
44、ey do get.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.Graduates aren“t well-prepared for jobs when freshing out of colleges.B.Anyone who is very lucky can get a job earlier than those unlucky.C.Satisficers tend to take the first job offer on the table.D.Satisficers wait for
45、something better based on information at hand.(2).According to the Paragraph 3, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Maximizers can get something of value from outside information.B.Maximizers tend to apply to more jobs than satisfiers.C.Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz are max
46、imizers.D.The research showed that satisficers were more likely to make use of all the information.(3).The word “contortions“ (Para. 3) most probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.choicesB.occupationsC.opportunitiesD.distortions(4).The passage conveys that higher pay _.（分数：2.00）A.brings less happiness to m
47、aximizers than to satisficersB.encourages maximizers seek perfectionC.makes maximizers imagine the prospect of a better job offerD.helps maximizers develop a sense of self-worth(5).Which might be the appropriate title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Higher Pay: Be Happier or UnhappyB.First Offer: Take It
48、 or Keep WaitingC.Sources of Information: Outside or at HandD.Position Yourself: A Maximizer or a Satisficer七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ellen Pao spent the last few years spotlighting the technology industry“s lack of diversity, in court and beyond. Erica Baker caused a stir at Google when she started a
49、 spreadsheet last year for employees to share their salaries, highlighting the pay disparities between those of different genders doing the same job. Laura I. Gmez founded a start-up focused on improving diversity in the hiring process. Now the three are starting an effort to collect and share data to help diversify the rank-and-file employees who make up tech companies. The nonprofit venture, called Project Include, was unveiled on Tuesday. As part of Project Include, the group plans to extract commitments from tech companies to track the div
