1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The notion of using a management degree to do good while doing well has grown in popularity on todays business school campuses. And an ever-increasing number of students plan on putting their talent to use within the (1) s
2、ector. The recession has led many applicants to reevaluate their priorities and (2) what they want to do with their lives, often trading jobs with status and huge paychecks for careers with a (n) (3) social impact.In order to keep and develop the competitive (4) needed to survive in todays uncertain
3、 economy, nonprofits must run themselves just like any other successful business. What you need to (5) a company well, as is often the (6) within this sector, business skills are essential. (7) are people skills, management skills, financial-analysis skills, IT skillsthe list goes on. Thats (8) the
4、MBA degree comes in.While at business school, social enterprise-minded students can take (9) of numerous clubs, competitions, global experiences, and centers. And the centers are (10) to teach students about topics ranging from nonprofit management to starting businesses that (11) underrepresented c
5、ommunities. The Social Enterprise Initiative is a big part of MBA experience at Harvard Business School, which (12) more than 500 books and cases published on the subject since 1993 and more than 90 HBS (13) engaged in social enterprise research and teaching. (14) the Center for Social Innovation at
6、 Standard Graduate School of Business, MBA students can earn a certificate in the Public Management Program as they focus their academic efforts in (15) such as the environment, international development, health care, and education.Across the pond, the Skoll Center for Social Entrepreneurship at Oxf
7、ords Said Business School (16) for its variety of social entrepreneurship electives, MBA projects on social innovation, and co- curricular activities. It was (17) in 2003 with a 4.4 million investment by the Skoll Foundation, the largest (18) center offers up to five fully funded MBA scholarships to
8、 (19) impressive candidates, named Skoll Skollars, who plan to (20) entrepreneurial solution for urgent social and environmental challenges.（分数：10.00）(1).A. executive B. nonprofit C. indifferent D. illegal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. forbid B. manage C. determine D. utilize（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. alterna
9、tive B. adverse C. relative D. positive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. future B. edge C. degree D. request（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. take B. carry C. make D. run（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. cause B. motion C. case D. problem（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. Though B. Even C. All D. So（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. how B. where C. w
10、hy D. when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. charge B. advantage C. measure D. hold（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. designed B. presented C. contributed D. regarded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. warn B. serve C. provide D. discourage（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. imports B. borrows C. orders D. boasts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. orga
11、nizations B. instructors C. supervisors D. pupils（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. For B. With C. Through D. Since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. areas B. ways C. goals D. actions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. gets over B. comes out C. puts back D. stands out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. generated B. founded C. executed D. in
12、vented（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. funding B. value C. tuition D. expenditure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. seemingly B. directly C. highly D. literally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. expect B. regulate C. report D. pursue（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10
13、.00)Germanys economic success presents something of an educational puzzle. On the one hand, its schools turn out a workforce capable of producing the goods that have made its companies the export champions of the world. On the other hand, the academic achievements of its school children, measured in
14、 international tests, look only moderate. The reading abilities of German 15-year-old, according to the PISA studies published by the OECD, are below the average for rich countries. In a world where brainpower matters more and more, how does German business thrive? The answer is that a combination o
15、f schooling and apprenticeship has proved a reliable supplier and shaper of the sort of labor German businesses need to make goods of high quality, even as similar jobs have disappeared in other rich economies. At the age of 10 or 11 about two-fifths of children are selected to go to a Gymnasium. A
16、lot of these go eventually to universities. Most who do not, and many of those at least academic schools, go ultimately into specialized training for one of around 350 trades, from gardening to glass-blowing.Students divide their time between classrooms and the factory floor, acquiring a lot of know
17、ledge on the job. According to many company bosses, this makes them both expert and flexible. Because German jobs are fairly secure, many employees invest time in learning new skills. Companies invest in teaching them, toofor example, to use computers to design parts-because their workers are not li
18、ke to quit.Moreover, basic education seems to be getting better. The first PISA study, published in 2001, in which German children did poorly, caused much national soul-searching. Germanys position in the OECD rankings has improved a great deal in the past few years.Even so, the system has flaws. So
19、me worry, for example, that the stronger general education is needed to equip young Germans to change trades should demand for their specific expertise dry up.A bigger concern is that early selection fails children form poor and immigrant families, who are likeliest to attend the least academic scho
20、ols and to miss out on apprenticeships. Partly for this reason, there is a large group of students at the bottom of the rankingswhich explains why the German average is still below standard.Some think that this may eventually cost the economy. Ludger Wossmann, of the Ifo Institute at Munich Universi
21、ty, reckons that the best long-run predictor of a countrys economic growth rate is the performance of its children in comparative tests in science, math and so forth. Germanys scores, he points out, do not predict well.（分数：10.00）(1).The reason why German economy can become prosperous indicates is th
22、at _.A. German companies can produce goods of the best quality in the worldB. German education pays much attention to students skill trainingC. the education system can stably provide personnel needed by German businessD. there are some kinds of trades in Germany that dont exist in other rich countr
23、ies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).German bosses are willing to spend money in teaching their employees new skills because _.A. their employees are not only professional but also quick-mindedB. it is not easy to hire a suitable employee in GermanyC. their employees are interested in learning a new skillsD. it
24、is unlikely for their employees to resign（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which one of the following is NOT the shortcoming of German educational system?A. The basic education for children is becoming worse and worse.B. General education is not strong enough for young people to change trades.C. Many poor studen
25、ts cant go to mole academic schools because of early selection.D. Immigrant children may miss the opportunities for apprenticeship.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is Ludger Wossmanns attitude towards the future of German economic growth rate?A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful.C. Pessimistic. D. Neutral.（分数：2.00）
26、A.B.C.D.(5).Whats the best title for the text?A. The Schooling System of German ChildrenB. The Development of German EconomyC. The Improvement of German EducationD. The Training System of German Workforce（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)You hear the refrain all the time: the U. S. economy lo
27、oks good statistically, but it doesnt feel good. Why doesnt ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.The Affluent Society is a modern classic bec
28、ause it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold“ threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.“ After World War , the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an
29、economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didnt really want or need. Because so much spending was artif
30、icial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctivelyand wronglylabeled government only as “a necessary evil“.Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling
31、behind. Well, there are many undeserving, richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most peoples incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel “squeezed“ because their rising incomes o
32、ften dont satisfy their rising wantsfor bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has ero
33、ded. More workers fear theyve become “the disposable American“, as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, affluence s
34、ucceeds. There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and ec
35、onomic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, inclu
36、ding family breakdown and obesity (肥胖症). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.Should we be surprised? Not really. Weve simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.（分数：10.00）(1).What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise
37、in his book The Affluent Society?A. Why statistics dont tell the truth about the economy.B. Why affluence doesnt guarantee happiness.C. How happiness can be promoted today.D. What lies behind an economic boom.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because _.A. public s
38、pending hasnt been cut down as expectedB. the government has proved to be a necessary evilC. they are in fear of another Great DepressionD. materialism has run wild in modern society（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably?A. Their material pursui
39、ts have gone far ahead of their earnings.B. Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation.C. The distribution of wealth is uneven between the rich and the poor.D. Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “th
40、e disposable American“ (Line 3, Para 5)?A. Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.B. People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence.C. People who have little say in American politics.D. Workers who no longer have secure jobs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What has affluence brough
41、t to American society?A. Renewed economic security. B. A sense of self-fulfillment.C. New conflicts and complaints. D. Misery and anti-social behavior.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern, innovating West. Now th
42、e question must be reversed. What can the Wests overly indebted and sluggish (经济滞涨的) nations learn from a nourishing Asia?Just a few decades ago, Asias two giants were stagnating (停滞不前) under faulty economic ideologies. However, once China began embracing market economy reforms in the 1980s, followe
43、d by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said, “The invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily on the visible h
44、and of government.“Contrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically over-board in their own ways. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of governmentfollowing Ronald Regans ide
45、a that “government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem“. Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to “big government“.If Americans could o
46、nly free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine, they would begin to see that the Americas problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of, say, 5% would significantly reduce the countrys huge government def
47、icit without damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would help free America from its dependence on oil imports and create incentives for green energy development. In the same way, a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit. But in order to take advan
48、tage of these common-sense solutions, Americans will have to put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation. American politicians will have to develop the courage to follow what is taught in all American public-policy schools: that there are good taxes and bad t
49、axes. Asian countries have embraced this wisdom, and have built sound long-term fiscal (财政的) policies as a result.Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey to a different ideological trap: the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow. Unlike the Americans, who felt that the markets knew best, the Europeans failed to anticipate how the markets would react to their endless borrowing. Today, the European Union is creating a $580 billion fund to ward off sovereig
