1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-35 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Want to know how long you or your aging parents will live? One simple 1 of wellbeing and longevity among older people is their walking speed, new research shows. In an analysis of nine studies 2 more than 34,000 people ag
2、ed 65 and older, faster walking speeds were 3 with living longer: Predicted years of remaining life for each age and both sexes increased 4 gait-speed increased, with the most significant gains after age 75. In addition, researchers found that predicting survival based on gait speed was as 5 as pred
3、ictions 6 on age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index and hospitalization. “My hope is that we begin to think about ways to 7 the health and function of older people that goes 8 diseases,“ says lead researcher Stephanie Studenski, a geriatric physician at the Un
4、iversity of Pittsburgh, 9 analysis appears today in the Journal of American Medical Association. “Functional status (walking speed) is an important reflection of health.“ Walking is a 10 tool to measure well-being, Studenski says, 11 it requires body support, timing and power, and places demands 12
5、the brain, spinal cord, muscles and joints, heart and lungs. Slowing down is associated with getting older. By age 80, gait speed is approximately 10% to 20% 13 than in young adults, she says. The findings can provide doctors with an inexpensive, safe and simple way of measuring performance 14 can h
6、elp 15 health problems, she says, and in many cases 16 treatments that can improve well-being, 17 disabilities and help the elderly 18 independence. “I think it“s a very useful tool, and some physicians already use it,“ says Evan Hadley, associate director of geriatrics at the National Institute on
7、Aging. “It“s 19 universal, though. This study 20 show walking speed is a very strong predictor of survival.“（分数：10.00）A.pointerB.indicatorC.addictionD.exhibitA.to involveB.involveC.involvesD.involvingA.associatedB.companiedC.linkedD.jointA.asB.inC.byD.toA.acuteB.accumulatedC.assuredD.accurateA.lieB.
8、basedC.lineD.dependA.affectB.reflectC.infectD.effectA.toB.forC.outD.beyondA.whoB.whomC.whoseD.hisA.reliableB.relyC.loyalD.faithfulA.soB.thereforeC.therebyD.becauseA.forB.onC.toD.inA.slowerB.higherC.fasterD.smallerA.whoB.whereC.thatD.itA.identityB.reformC.transformD.identifyA.lead toB.to lead toC.led
9、 toD.leading toA.offenceB.defineC.defenceD.ward offA.mainlyB.majorC.maintainD.mainA.far fromB.far awayC.farD.furtherA.to doB.doingC.doD.does二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specializ
10、ed training. A recent survey shows that companies like the graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training. That“s especially true of booing fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell“s School of Hotel Administration,
11、for example, bachelor“s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience. But in the long ru
12、n, too much specialization doesn“t pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years. As further evidence of the eros
13、ion (销蚀) of corporate faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State“s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn“t constrained by
14、nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,“ says Scheetz. This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, or
15、ganizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,“ says Birch. Liberal-arts
16、 means an academically thorough and strict program that includes litera-ture, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behaviorplus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize, “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training
17、 is a very good combination in the marketplace,“ says Scheetz.（分数：10.00）(1).What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?（分数：2.00）A.Students with a bachelor“s degree in humanities.B.People with an MBA degree front top universities.C.People with formal schooling plus work experience.D.Pe
18、ople with special training in engineering.(2).By saying “.but the impact of a degree washes out after five years“ (Line 3, Para. 3), the author means _.（分数：2.00）A.most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB.an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC.MBA pr
19、ograms will not be as popular in five years“ time as they are nowD.in five years people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got(3).According to Scheetz“s statement (Lines 45, Para. 4), companies prefer _.（分数：2.00）A.people who have a strategic mindB.people who are talented in fine art
20、sC.people who are ambitious and aggressiveD.people who have received training in mechanics(4).David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because _.（分数：2.00）A.they are more capable of handling changing situationsB.they can stick to established ways of solving problemsC.they are thoroug
21、hly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD.they have attended special programs in management(5).Which of the following statements does the author support?（分数：2.00）A.Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B.Formal schooling is less important than job training.C.On-the-job traini
22、ng is, in the long run, less costly.D.Generalists will outdo specialists in management.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Perhaps all criminals should carry cards which read “Fragile, Handle with Care“. It will never do, to go around referring to criminals as violent persons. You must refer to them politely as
23、 “social misfits“. The professional killer who wouldn“t think twice about battering some harmless old lady to death in order to rob her of her small life saving must never be given a dose of his own medicine. He is in need of “hospital treatment“. According to his misguided defenders, society is to
24、blame. A wicked society breeds evil or so the argument goes. When you listen to this kind of talk, it makes you wonder why we aren“t all criminals. We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the nineteenth century and this is only right. But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece o
25、f criminal legislation in many countries such as Britain has been the suspension of capital punishment. The violent criminal has become a kind of hero figure in our time. He is glorified on the screen; he is pursued by the press and paid vast sums of money for his “memoirs“. Newspapers which special
26、ize in crime reporting enjoy enormous circulations and the publisher of trashy cops and robber stories or “number mysteries“ have never had it so good. When you read about the achievements of the great train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about some glorious resistance movement
27、. The hardened criminal is embraced and cosseted by the sociologists on the one hand and adored as a hero by the masses on the other. It“s no wonder he is a privileged person who expects and receives VIP treatment wherever he goes. Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent. It made the violent
28、 robber think twice before pulling the trigger. It prevented unarmed policemen from being killed while pursuing their duty by killers armed with automatic weapons. Above all, it protected the most vulnerable members of society, young children, from brutal violence. It“s frightening to think that the
29、 criminal can literally get away with murder. We all know that “life sentence“ does not mean what it says. After ten years or so of good conduct, the most desperate wicked person can return to society where he will live very comfortably on the proceeds of his crime, or he will go on committing offen
30、ces until he is caught again. People are always willing to hold liberal views at the expense of others. It“s always fashionable to pose as the defender of the underdog so long as you remain unaffected. Did the defenders of crime consult the victims before they suspended capital punishment in their d
31、esire for fair play? Hardly, you know, they couldn“t, because all the victims were dead.（分数：10.00）(1).From the last two sentences of Paragraph One, we know that _.（分数：2.00）A.the abolished laws in the 19th century should be put into practice nowB.we should abandon the reasonless laws except for capit
32、al punishmentC.the measures for punishment are enough to defeat the violent criminalsD.we need to do our best to make the laws enough for us to use in future(2).What is the reason for a monstrous criminal becoming one hero figure?（分数：2.00）A.His continual appearance on the television.B.The ceaseless
33、tracing of the press and newspaper journalists.C.The lack of effective measures to prevent him from committing crimes.D.His memoir published by the press is very popular to the public.(3).What is said about the foremost function of the capital punishment?（分数：2.00）A.It can make the violent robbers la
34、y down arms.B.It can turn the criminals into social misfits.C.It can ensure the safety of the policemen on duty.D.It can protect weak people from being hurt.(4).By saying “life sentence“ (Line 5, Para. 3), the author means _.（分数：2.00）A.life imprisonmentB.capital punishmentC.imprisonmentD.punishment(
35、5).We can infer from this passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.the defenders of crime are another kind of criminals in a senseB.everyone thinks all the criminals ought to be punishedC.the capital punishment is the only way to deter criminalsD.the society should be responsible for the criminals“ action六、Text 3(
36、总题数：1，分数：10.00)Once inside the retail location, the shopper receives continuous messages at three levels. Store atmosphere is the overall setting of the store, its design, lighting, fixture, color, and sound. These are developed to convey a mood or feeling that separates the store from others that s
37、ell similar merchandise. The more similar the product offerings of competitors, the more important it is to create a unique environment. By going into any large shopping mall and walking from one clothing store to another, a shopper can easily experience atmosphere differences. One store will be bri
38、ghtly lit with colorful plastic racks and wails. Another will be in seeming disarray, with loud rock music and strobe lights (闪光灯). A third will have a wood dcor, soft lights, and soft music. Each type of atmosphere is aimed at a particular target market, and each serves as a screen to tell shoppers
39、 whether or not they will feel comfortable in the store and what type of merchandise they might expect. “Establishing a mood of shopping ambiance has never been more important than it is now,“ says Lois Patrich, vice president of sales promotion and advertising with Carson Pirie Scott Co., a Chicago
40、-based retailer. “Department stores have always had an advantage of merchandise that you can get at any store. How then does a retail get a customer to buy at his store? By creating a shopping atmosphere that will motivate him to buy and one that he wants to come back to.“ Store layout is the arrang
41、ement of merchandise to facilitate shopping. The layout tells consumers how to proceed through the store and what pace is expected. An open layout invites shoppers to browse. A cluttered layout sends a signal of business and rushing. An effective layout maximizes customer exposure to merchandise and
42、 keeps the customer in the store longer. Studies show that the longer the customer is in the store, the more money is spent. The layout also should have the high-margin merchandise in the high-traffic areas and the most desired merchandise in the back so that consumers must walk past many other good
43、s. In a supermarket, for example, the meats, dairy products, and produce have the greatest constant demand and are placed at the perimeters so shoppers will need to pass other products to get to them. Merchandise display refers to the organization of goods at a specific place in the store“s layout.
44、Displays communicate at still another level to attract attention to the product, enhance product appeal, and increase the shopper“s propensity to purchase. While the tasks might lead the display design in one direction, the display also needs to be consistent with the store“s atmosphere.（分数：10.00）(1
45、).All of the following are media that the author suggests to help a store send messages to the shoppers EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.store layoutB.display of goodsC.store atmosphereD.advertisement(2).Why do shop owners try to make their shops different from other shops?（分数：2.00）A.They want to attract a parti
46、cular group of customers.B.They want to express their own likes and dislikes.C.They want their shops to be comfortable.D.They know people like original things.(3).The author implies that _ is one of the reasons why a shop owner has to create a unique atmosphere in his shop.（分数：2.00）A.to motivate cus
47、tomers to buyB.to compete with department storesC.to attract customs to come backD.to compete with other retailers(4).The word “perimeter“ in Paragraph 5 means _.（分数：2.00）A.the farthest areasB.the least traveled areasC.the outer areasD.the coldest areas(5)._ tells consumers how to go through the sto
48、re.（分数：2.00）A.A store brochureB.The store layoutC.The store ownerD.The merchandise display七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The three main types of secondary education in the United States have been provided by the Latin grammar school, the academy, and the public high school. The first of these was a colonia
49、l institution. It began in New England with the establishment in 1635 of the Boston Free Latin School. The curriculum consisted mainly of the classical languages, and the purpose of this kind of school was the preparation of boys for college, where most of them would be fitted for the ministry. The academy began in the early 1750“s with Benjamin Franklin“s school in Philadelphia, which later became the University of Pennsylvania. It extended generally to about the middle nineteenth century, except in the southern states where the publi
