1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-27 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job ch
2、oices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 4 position. The “one perfect job“ does not exist. Young people should 5 enter into a broad flexible training program that will 6 them for a field of work rather than for a single 7 . Unfortunately ma
3、ny young people have to make career plans 8 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 9 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 10 . Some drift from job to job. Others 11 to work in which they are u
4、nhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 12 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school studentsor their parents for themchoose the professional field, 13 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high e
5、ducational and personal 14 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “White-collar“ job is 15 good reason for choosing it as life“s work. 16 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 17 of young people should give
6、 serious 18 to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 19 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take 20 for fi
7、nancial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.（分数：10.00）A.identificationB.occupationC.accommodationD.entertainmentA.thoughB.thereforeC.howeverD.therebyA.entirelyB.mainlyC.partlyD.totallyA.yourB.hisC.ourD.theirA.sinceB.thereforeC.moreoverD.foreverA.makeB.fitC.payD.leav
8、eA.jobB.wayC.meansD.companyA.toB.forC.withoutD.withA.littleB.fewC.muchD.a lotA.chanceB.basisC.purposeD.opportunityA.applyB.appealC.stickD.turnA.ourB.itsC.yourD.theirA.concerningB.followingC.consideringD.disregardingA.preferenceB.requirementsC.tendenciesD.ambitionsAaB.anyC.noD.theA.ThereforeB.However
9、C.NeverthelessD.MoreoverA.majorityB.massC.minorityD.multitudeA.proposalB.suggestionC.considerationD.appraisalA.towardsB.againstC.out ofD.withoutA.turnsB.partsC.choicesD.risks二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Loneliness has been linked to depression and
10、 other health problems. Now, a study says it can also spread. A friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was 25% more likely to do the same. Earlier findings showed that happiness, fatness and the ability to stop smoking can also gr
11、ow like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts. The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then, more tests have been added, including measures of loneliness and depression. The
12、 new findings involved more than 5,000 people in the second generation of the Framingham Heart Study. The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness. The results established a pattern as people reported fewer close friends. For example, loneliness can affect relationships be
13、tween next-door neighbors. The loneliness spreads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together. The study also found that loneliness spreads more easily among women than men. Researchers from the University of Chicago, Harvard and the University of California, San Diego, did the
14、study. The findings appeared last month in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology . The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. The study found that having a lonely friend can add about 17 days. But every additional friend can decrease loneliness b
15、y about 5%, or two and a half days. Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friendsand more likely that society will reject them. John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study. He says it is important to recognize and d
16、eal with loneliness. He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks. The aim should be to aggressively create what he calls a “protective barrier“ against loneliness. This barrier, he says, can keep the whole network from coming apart.
17、（分数：10.00）(1).Besides loneliness, which of the following can also spread among people?（分数：2.00）A.FriendshipB.HappinessC.DepressionD.Smoking(2).The Framingham Heart Study starting from 1948 _.（分数：2.00）A.expanded its research topicsB.involved 5,000 patients of depressionC.identified loneliness as one
18、key factor for heart diseaseD.examined the relationship between loneliness and depression(3).Which of the following is true about the spread of loneliness?（分数：2.00）A.It leads to a gradual loss of friendsB.It is a common phenomenon among womenC.It is often found in the neighborhoodD.It ruins the rela
19、tionships between close friends(4).According to John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago, loneliness can _.（分数：2.00）A.result in aggressivenessB.cause people to be overprotectiveC.infect social networksD.push people to the verge of poverty(5).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Loneline
20、ss can spreadB.Loneliness is linked to depressionC.Lonely people tend to grow fatD.Lonely people need more friends五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science an
21、d nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.“ Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such
22、 thing, since it has been proved that up to 10% of a plant“s weight is made up of natural pesticides. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, says: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.“ And
23、 many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogensa substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Co
24、rnell University: “We“ve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.“ Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety.
25、 They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, a
26、t least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should
27、modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to
28、 kitchens.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author think of the Americans“ view of their food?（分数：2.00）A.They overstate the government“s interference with the food industryB.They are overoptimistic about the safety of their foodC.They overestimate the hazards of their foodD.They overlook the risks of the
29、food they eat(2).The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because _.（分数：2.00）A.no food is free from pollution in the environmentB.pesticides are widely used in agricultureC.many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicalsD.almost all foods have additives(3).By saying “they employ
30、 chemical warfare“ (Para. 2), Bruce Ames means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseasesB.plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growthC.farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plantsD.farmers use chemicals to protect plants aga
31、inst pests and diseases(4).The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on _.（分数：2.00）A.the governmentB.the consumerC.the processorD.the grower(5).What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than beforeB.
32、Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processingC.Health food is not a dream in modern societyD.There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U.S., about half the urban
33、 pollution and one fourth the greenhouse (温室) gases. They take a similar toll of (损耗) resources in other industrial nations and in the cities of the developing world. As vehicle use continues to increase in the coming decade, the U.S. and other countries will have to deal with these issues or else f
34、ace unacceptable economic, health-related and political costs. It is unlikely that oil prices will remain at their current low level or that other nations will accept a large and growing U.S. contribution to global climatic change. Policymakers and industry have four solutions: reduce vehicle use, i
35、ncrease the efficiency and reduce the emissions of conventional gasoline-powered vehicles, switch to less harmful fuels, or find less polluting driving systems. The last of thesein particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricityis ultimately the only sustainable option. The other alte
36、rnatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer only marginal improvements. For example, reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental problems, but evidence from around the world suggests that it is very difficult to make p
37、eople give up their cars to any significant extent. In the U.S., mass-transit ridership and carpooling (合伙用车) have declined since World War . Even in Western Europe, with fuel prices averaging more than $1 a liter (about $4 a gallon) and with easily accessible mass transit and dense populations, car
38、s still account for 80 percent of all passenger travel. Improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. Alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-combustion engines, could be introduced at relatively low cost, but th
39、ey would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions (especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline).（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage we know that the increased use of cars will _.（分数：2.00）A.c
40、onsume half of the oil produced in the worldB.have serious consequences for the well-being of all nationsC.widen the gap between the developed and developing countriesD.impose an intolerable economic burden on residents of large cities(2).The U.S. has to deal with the problems arising from vehicle u
41、se because _.（分数：2.00）A.most Americans are reluctant to switch to public transportation systemsB.the present level of oil prices is considered unacceptableC.other countries will protest its increasing greenhouse emissionsD.it should take a lead in conserving natural resources(3).Which of the followi
42、ng is the best solution to the problems mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The designing of highly efficient car enginesB.A reduction of vehicle use in citiesC.The development of electric carsD.The use of less polluting fuels(4).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?（分数
43、：2.00）A.The decline of public transportation accounts for increased car use in Western EuropeB.Cars are popular in Western Europe even though fuel prices are fairly highC.The reduction of vehicle use is the only sustainable option in densely populated Western EuropeD.Western European oil companies c
44、annot sustain the cost of developing new-type fuels(5).What does the author think of the way to improve energy efficiency?（分数：2.00）A.supportiveB.opposingC.neutralD.indifferent七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that
45、 is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern wor
46、ld is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the tr
47、ansaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracyfar greater precision than highly s
48、killed physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robo
49、t to handle a specific error,“ says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can“t yet give a robot enough “common sense“ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.“ Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they fou
