1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-26 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The technology industry is at war over intellectual property. On May 7th the first 1 of a three-part fight between Oracle and Google over patent and copyright claims relating to the Java programming language ended in a de
2、cision that denied outright victory to either firm. Apple, Samsung and others are 2 over smartphone patents. Facebook and Yahoo! are at 3 over internet patents. Accusations abound 4 innovation is taking a 5 seat to lawsuits. Only the lawyers are smiling. All of 6 makes this a good time to 7 a new ap
3、proach to trading intellectual property, says Gerard Pannekoek, the boss of IPXI, a new financial 8 that lets companies buy, sell and hold patent rights, just like any other 9 . The idea is to offer a patent or group of patents as “unit licence rights“ (ULRs), which can be bought and sold like 10 .
4、A ULR 11 a one-time right to use a particular technology in 12 product: a new type of airbag sensor in a car, 13 . If a company wants to use the technology in 100,000 cars, it buys 100,000 ULRs at the market price. ULRs are also expected to be traded on secondary markets. This is simpler, faster and
5、 cheaper than the lawyer-intensive process of negotiating bilateral licences for intellectual property, the high cost of which discriminates 14 small companies, leaves patents unused on the shelf and 15 innovation. IPXI“s approach does not 16 for all types of intellectual propertyit does not 17 excl
6、usive licensing, for examplebut should make it 18 for companies to make money from their inventions. “It“s a good form of funding for start-ups,“ suggests Mr. Pannekoek. The exchange has 19 30 members including Philips, an electronics giant, and several universities and research laboratories. On May
7、 4th IPXI published the rulebook that 20 how the exchange will work, and it expects to open for business later this year. Its novel approach is ideal for the open, non-exclusive licensing of smartphone-related patents, says Ruud Peters, chief intellectual-property officer at Philips.（分数：10.00）A.circ
8、leB.roundC.turnD.orderA.battlingB.competingC.fightingD.strivingA.loggerheadsB.disagreementsC.disputesD.controversiesA.whichB.whatC.whereD.thatA.backB.frontC.foreD.forwardA.itB.themC.whatD.whichA.putB.applyC.addD.launchA.institutionB.exchangeC.organizationD.enterpriseA.propertyB.estateC.assetD.capita
9、lA.goodsB.sharesC.fundsD.interestsA.submitsB.transmitsC.grantsD.deliversA.singleB.peculiarC.uniqueD.separateA.for exampleB.on averageC.in principleD.above allA.overB.forC.ofD.againstA.promotesB.hampersC.forbidsD.enhancesA.impressB.affectC.applyD.workA.agreeB.allowC.includeD.involveA.more difficultB.
10、simplerC.easierD.more complexA.signed upB.signed forC.signed onD.signed offA.controlsB.governsC.managesD.rules二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The list of famous companies founded during economic downturns is long and varied. A 2009 study found that o
11、ver half of Fortune 500 companies got their start during a downturn or a bear market. A recession, it seems, may not be an entirely bad time to start a company. Indeed, busts (and booms) cast a longer shadow on the business landscape than is commonly realised, because they influence both the rate of
12、 business formation and how existing firms are run. Some argue that recessions speed up the process of economic restructuringwhat Joseph Schumpeter called “ creative destruction “. The destruction part is easy to see: downturns kill businesses, leaving boarded-up windows on the high street as their
13、gravestones. But recessions may also spur the creation of new businesses. When people suddenly have less money to spend, clever entrepreneurs may see an opportunity to set up businesses that give them what they want more cheaply or efficiently. Downturns may also swell the ranks of potential firm cr
14、eators, because many who might otherwise have sought a stable salary will reinvent themselves as entrepreneurs. Tough times do not suddenly prompt everyone to start a business. The vast majority of people who reach working age during a downturn still look for a job. But research also suggests that r
15、ecessions have lasting effects on how executives manage businesses. Antoinette Schoar and Luo Zuo of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that those who began their management careers during a bust were substantially more risk-averse, took on less debt and generally were more conservative
16、 managers than the rest of the sample, even many decades later. That will strike critics of the over-leveraged company as thoroughly good news, but it is hard to say whether this effect is entirely benign. Bosses whose careers began in a recession also tend to be so concerned about cost-effectivenes
17、s that the companies they go on to run spend less on research and development. They may thus be too conservative: firms with bosses whose professional baptism came in a weak economy have lower returns on assets than those run by other managers. Why should this be? One plausible explanation is that r
18、ecessions affect the way people take decisions. Whether they were set up during a boom or a bust, today“s firms are deeply affected by the economic fluctuations of the past.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.the economic downturn is suitable for start-upsB.mo
19、st of Fortune 500 companies were set up during a bear marketC.a bust may not be an entirely bad time to create new businessesD.it is quite easy to start a company in a recession(2).By saying “creative destruction“ (Para. 2), the author means that downturns _.（分数：2.00）A.kill businesses in a creative
20、wayB.create new businesses while killing businessesC.slow down the process of economic restructuringD.have a positive effect on the economy(3).Recessions may spur the creation of new businesses probably because _.（分数：2.00）A.they decrease the number of potential competitorsB.they decrease the number
21、of potential employeesC.they increase the number of clever firm creatorsD.they increase the number of potential entrepreneurs(4).The managers who began their careers in a recession don“t tend to be _.（分数：2.00）A.heavily in debtB.risk-averseC.concerned about cost-effectivenessD.too conservative(5).The
22、 main idea of this text could be _.（分数：2.00）A.the influence of recessions on new businessesB.the influence of recessions on existing firmsC.the influence of recessions on entrepreneurs and managersD.the influence of recessions on creation and destruction五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)McDonald“s, the burger
23、 behemoth announced a 5.2% drop in profits for the first three months of 2014 and a 1.7% decrease in same store sales in the U.S. President and CEO Don Thompson emphasized that McDonald“s would be focusing on its core products, like its Big Mac, Egg McMuffin, and its famous french fries. Thompson“s
24、back-to-basics vow comes in response to the sort of menu creep the chain experienced in 2013, when it rolled out a seemingly endless stream of limited time offers. After all, those special promotions and innovations didn“t do much good. Same-store sales slipped by 0.2% in the U.S. last year, and chi
25、ef operating officer Tim Fenton admitted that the fast-food chain “stumbled a bit, in 2013, with too many new products, too fast and we created a lot of complexity.“ Thompson said that McDonald“s “core products are familiar favorites for our customers. They truly represent McDonald“s to all of our c
26、ustomers, and at about 40% of total sales, they are an incredible business asset for us that requires a constant publicity and promotion.“ When McDonald“s first got off the ground in the 1940s, it had a nine-item menu made up of hamburger, cheeseburger, soft drinks, milk, coffee, potato chips, and a
27、 slice of pie. It built its iconic reputation on guaranteeing that these food and beverage items would have the same great taste no matter the McDonald“s location at which they were served. But as time goes on, too much menu diversification, which McDonald“s has suffered from of late, leads to longe
28、r customer wait times in an industry built on speed. “What McDonald“s workers do inside those four walls is really impressive. Everyone has their time and place, and their entire job is done in two or three steps,“ says Howard Penney, managing director at Hedgeye Risk Management. Adding more process
29、es that come with a bigger menu, specifically the smoothie and espresso machines, has disrupted McDonald“s restaurants“ time and motion. It takes a lot longer to make a smoothie than it does to pour a fountain Coke. “Everything they“ve done to become all things to all people has slowed service,“ Pen
30、ney says. All in all, going back to its roots could be just what McDonald“s needs.（分数：10.00）(1).Why Don Thompson emphasized McDonald“s would be focusing on its core products?（分数：2.00）A.New products taste awful and weirdB.Core products are kept quality easilyC.New products benefit the company littleD
31、.Core products are praised by customers(2).We can infer from Paragraph 2 that extensive menus bring McDonald“s more _.（分数：2.00）A.annual earningsB.fans and customersC.investment projectsD.turnover declines(3).According to the passage, what“s the serious problem that McDonald“s nowadays faces?（分数：2.00
32、）A.Fixed traditional products make customers feel weariedB.Varied products cause low-level working efficiencyC.The making process of fast-food becomes more complicatedD.The taste is no longer the same among different service sites(4).What“s the author“s attitude toward McDonald“s present situation?（
33、分数：2.00）A.SkepticismB.ObjectivenessC.IndifferenceD.Approval(5).For McDonald“s, what is the key point to solve the current problem?（分数：2.00）A.Improving products“ diversityB.Building strong brand positionC.Promoting main productsD.Scaling back stores六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some futurologists have assu
34、med that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past, only the
35、earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are co
36、ncerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises. Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife“s work on divorc
37、e is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key
38、role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising a family“s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family“s financi
39、al and emotional stability. Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work a
40、nd marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union. Also, a major part of women“s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the Capaci
41、ty to exercise power within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “portend“ (Sentence 1, Para
42、. 1) is closest in meaning to “_“.（分数：2.00）A.defyB.signalC.suffer fromD.result from(2).It is said in the passage that when the economy slides, _.（分数：2.00）A.men would choose working women as their marriage partnersB.more women would get married to seek financial securityC.even working women would wor
43、ry about their marriagesD.more people would prefer to remain single for the time being(3).If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, _.（分数：2.00）A.they are more likely to dominate their marriage partnersB.their husbands are expected to do more houseworkC.their marriage ties can be stren
44、gthenedD.they tend to put their career before marriage(4).One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that _.（分数：2.00）A.they feel that they have been robbed of their freedomB.they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbandsC.they feel that their partners fail to live up to thei
45、r expectationsD.they tend to suspect their husbands“ loyalty to their marriage(5).Which of the following statements can best summarize the author“s view in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the countryB.Even when economically
46、independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriageC.In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independentD.The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Crying is hardly an activity enc
47、ouraged by society. Tears, whether they are of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end
48、 to the emotional outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive . Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emo
49、tiomal tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival. Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves. Indeed, the ne
