1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-25 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Facebook has been playing with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America“s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 1 settlement with the giant social network over accusati
2、ons that it had 2 people about its use of their personal data. The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 3 over 800 million users, betrayed its users“ trust. It is also notable 4 it appears to be part of a broader attempt by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to 5 the swift
3、 rise of social networks in America. The regulator“s findings come at a 6 time for Facebook, which is said to be 7 for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To clear the way for its initial public offering, the firm first needs to resolve its 8 disputes wit
4、h regulators in America and Europe. Hence its willingness to negotiate the settlement is 9 this week, which should be finalized at the end of December after a period for public comment. Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases 10 Facebook had made claims that were “ 11 a
5、nd deceptive, and violated federal law“. 12 , it passed on personally identifiable information to advertisers, even though it said it would not do so. And it failed to keep a promise to 13 photos and videos on deactivated and deleted accounts 14 . The settlement does not constitute (an) 15 by Facebo
6、ok that it has broken the law. But the regulator“s findings are deeply embarrassing for the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook“s boss, tried to 16 the impact of the deal. He claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes“ were 17 the social n
7、etwork“s “good history“ on privacy. But public 18 over Facebook“s behaviour could spur Congress into action anyway. And it will certainly not be lost on regulators who are 19 the social network“s privacy record too. Mr. Zuckerberg“s latest admission of its fault is 20 to be his last.（分数：10.00）A.draf
8、tB.outlineC.sketchD.blueprintA.fakedB.misledC.encouragedD.liedA.consistsB.constitutesC.blowsD.boastsA.becauseB.unlessC.thoughD.whileA.hold upB.keep upC.deal withD.meet withA.sensationalB.sensibleC.sentimentalD.sensitiveA.enteringB.preparingC.contendingD.applyingA.privacyB.businessC.networkD.contract
9、A.unearthedB.unwrappedC.unveiledD.undertakenA.whichB.thoughC.whenD.whereA.improperB.illegalC.irrelevantD.unfairA.As a resultB.By the wayC.For instanceD.In shortA.putB.uploadC.makeD.takeA.inaccessibleB.enjoyableC.impracticableD.availableA.accusationB.denialC.discussionD.admissionA.play downB.play onC
10、.play upD.play withA.overlookingB.overshadowingC.affectingD.influencingA.dissatisfactionB.outrageC.oppositionD.ignoranceA.keepingB.scrutinizingC.followingD.breakingA.saidB.obligedC.undoubtedD.unlikely二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A union-backed cam
11、paign conducted scattered protests and employee walkouts at fast-food chains in 60 cities in an effort to ramp up pressure for increased wages while organizers are quietly working to create unions to represent fast-food workers. The impact and size of Thursday“s protests was difficult to gauge. Spok
12、esmen for the protests“ organizers estimated that they involved 1,000 fast-food outlets, and some other retailers, such as department stores, and claimed that walkouts shut down some restaurants. McDonald“s Corp. and Wendy“s Co. said the protests had minimal effects on operations and that they were
13、unaware of any shutdowns. At midday Thursday in downtown Chicago, one of the cities targeted, several outlets of both chains seemed undisturbed. People protested outside one Chicago McDonald“s for about 45 minutes; a restaurant employee reached by phone, who didn“t want to be identified, said none o
14、f the protesters were employed there. Burger King Worldwide Inc. didn“t respond to requests for comment. Workers marching outside fast-food restaurants have called for the chains to increase wages to $15 an hourwages now can be as low as the national minimum of $7.25 an hour and to allow a “fair pro
15、cess“ to join a union. The restaurant companies say they pay fair and competitive wages and that increases of that size would force owners to cut staff. Previous strikes have targeted fast-food chains in more than a dozen cities from New York to Seattle. The chains have said those strikes also didn“
16、t cause significant disruptions. But the momentum of demonstrations is unusual in an industry where organizing has been difficult because of high employee turnover. The protests come as the Service Employees International Union in recent months has helped establish a new union in at least six cities
17、 where the union and community advocacy groups have been organizing fast-food strikes, according to organizers and documents filed in recent months with the Labor Department. The cities include New York, Chicago and St. Louis. SEIU officials and members of nonunion community groups are listed as off
18、icers of those unions. “Fast-food workers need a union and we“re proud to help them get it started,“ said Kendall Fells, listed as president of a New York-based union called the Fast Food Workers Committee on documents filed with the Labor Department in February.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the spokes
19、men for the protests“ organizers, the walkouts _.（分数：2.00）A.make lots of restaurants suspend operationsB.involve many fast-food shopsC.cause significant disruptionsD.succeed in increasing pressure on the employers(2).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.the wages of workers
20、are lower than national minimum wagesB.the protesters ask for the rights to take part in labor union freelyC.the employees and employers have different opinions on wagesD.the employers will cut stuff in the future(3).The momentum of demonstrations in fast-food industry is unusual because _.（分数：2.00）
21、A.it“s difficult to organize employeesB.it“s difficult to strike at the same timeC.the scale of the strike is largeD.the employee turnover is high(4).The word “advocacy“ (Para. 5) mostly means _.（分数：2.00）A.supportB.promotionC.motivationD.stimulation(5).It can be concluded from the text that _.（分数：2.
22、00）A.Unity is strengthB.Blood will have bloodC.Rome was not built in a dayD.Different standpoint decides different perspective五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside compute
23、r memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It“s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on wh
24、at the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it“s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about
25、were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed
26、that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes esca
27、pe punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All to often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer
28、had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company“s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to c
29、ontinue his crimes elsewhere.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be concluded from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.it is still impossible to detect computer crimes todayB.computer crime is a most serious problem in the operation of financial institutionsC.computer criminals can escape punishment because they can“t b
30、e detectedD.people commit computer crimes at the request of their company(2).It is implied in the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.many more computer crimes go undetected than are discoveredB.the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemC.most computer criminals are smart enough to
31、 cover up their crimesD.most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck(3).Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.strict law against computer crimes must be enforcedB.Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential informationC.Companies will guard against co
32、mputer crimes to protect their reputationD.Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes(4).What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?（分数：2.00）A.With a bad reputation they can hardly find another jobB.They will be denied access to confidential recordsC.They may walk away and
33、 easily find another jobD.They must leave the country or go to jail(5).The passage is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspectionsB.why computer criminals are often able to escape punishmentC.how computer criminals manage to get good recommendation
34、from their former employersD.why computer crimes can“t be eliminated六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Researchers have known for years that children whose mothers were chronically stressed during pregnancyby famine, anxiety, the death of a relative or marital discord, for instanceshow higher-than-normal rates
35、 of various psychological and behavioural disorders when they are adults. They have also known for a long time that those brought up in abusive environments often turn out to be abusive themselves. The second of these observations is usually put down to learning. The reason for the first has remaine
36、d unclear. A study just published by Axel Meyer, Thomas Elbert and their colleagues at the University of Konstanz in Germany, however, points to a phenomenon called epigenetics as the likely answer. Epigenetics is a type of gene regulation that can be passed from a cell to its daughters. The most co
37、mmon mechanism is methylation, whose consequence is to inactivate the gene being methylated. They found that women abused during pregnancy were significantly more likely than others to have a child with methylated glucocorticoid-receptor genes. By contrast, abuse before or after pregnancy resulted i
38、n no such correlation. Nor was the mother“s own methylation affected by violence towards her. Taken together, these results suggest that glucocorticoid-receptor-gene methylation happens in the fetus in response to a mother“s stress, and persists into adolescence. This has implications for those adol
39、escents“ long-term health. Dampened glucocorticoid-receptor-gene activity has been shown to increase the risk of obesity and of depression. It also makes people more impulsive and aggressiveand therefore, if male, more likely to abuse the pregnant mothers of their children, thus perpetuating the who
40、le sorry cycle. Why, in light of such negative effects, have humans evolved to be programmed this way while still in the womb? Part of the answer is probably that not all the negative consequences would have shown up at the time the mechanism was evolving. The other part is that some of the conseque
41、nces probably have a positive effect. What can be done with such knowledge is unclear. Drugs that demethylate DNA are under development, but are still some way from approvaland, in any case, interfering with epigenetics, which is a widespread mechanism of gene regulation, is a drastic approach. The
42、research might, though, point to the period when intervening to stop abuse will have the greatest effect. Then again, such intervention is always desirable, for the sake of both mother and child.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.A pregnant mother“s
43、 stress can have a long-lasting effect on her children“s psychologyB.A mother“s abuse behavior may genetically affect on her children“s behaviorC.Children are psychologically and behaviorally disordered because of epigeneticsD.Children are abusive themselves because they imitate their parents(2).A c
44、hild with methylated glucocorticoid-receptor genes has a mother _.（分数：2.00）A.with great pressureB.abused before pregnancyC.abused during pregnancyD.abused after pregnancy(3).The word “Dampened“ (Para. 3) most probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.long-lastingB.moistC.attachedD.inactive(4).It can be implie
45、d from the last two paragraphs that _.（分数：2.00）A.obesity is usually in a state of natureB.if a mother lives in an environment where fear-inducing experiences are common, her offspring may have an insensitivity to fearC.the research of drugs demethylating DNA is still not approvedD.people desire inte
46、rvention of genes because it may stop family abuse(5).Which might be the appropriate title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Genes and MethylationB.Epigenetics and StressC.Inheritance of AbusivenessD.Intervention of Methylation七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. Bu
47、t an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn“t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe“s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to s
48、olo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism“ over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on E
49、uropeans private lives. Europe“s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe“s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today“s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do
