1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-22 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Soft-drink sales have been declining for nine straight years. This is much more than a trendit“s a fundamental shift in consumer tastes that 1 a major problem for soda makers, no matter how 2 their product combination mig
2、ht be. The latest numbers are astonishing, but not surprising. Sales of soda fell 3% 3 volume in 2013, to the lowest levels since 1995, 4 to a report from Beverage Digest issued on Monday. That would be a big 5 no matter what, and it“s more than double 2012“s decline. People are moving away from sod
3、a at a(n) 6 rate. At this point, companies like Coca-Cola and Pepsico must be 7 not on what they“re doing to save their flagship brands, but on how well they“re 8 those brands“ decline. Of course that“s not easy for companies that are named for those very brands, so they“re still crazily trying to 9
4、 how to at least stop the losses, even as they wisely continue to invest in 10 like energy drinks, sports drinks, and flavored water. Pepsico took measures such as trying a new bottle design and signing with Beyonc, 11 sales have continued to decrease. And the hoped-for savior of the businessdiet dr
5、inks with 12 sweetenersare no help. Up until a few years ago, sales of diet sodas were falling at about the same rate as the sugar-filled ones. Now they“re actually falling faster 13 consumers continue to hear about health 14 . Just yesterday, a study was released indicating that consumption of diet
6、 soda can 15 the risk of cardiovascu-lar disease in older women. But health concerns are not the only problem. If they were, it would seem 16 that energy drinks, sports beverages, coffee-based beverages, and flavored waters would be taking up the slack. But they are. That“s a further 17 that what“s
7、doing soda in is the increase of 18 in the beverage aisle, especially those 19 at young people, a growing number of whom think of Coke, Dr. Pepper, Sprite, and PepsiBeyonc notwithstanding 20 the stuff their grandparents drank in the old days.（分数：10.00）A.makesB.posesC.putsD.offersA.diversifiedB.expen
8、siveC.strangeD.differentA.ofB.atC.byD.onA.relatingB.regardingC.resultingD.accordingA.lossB.dropC.changeD.riseA.earlierB.steadyC.acceleratingD.hurriedA.lookedB.dividedC.knownD.judgedA.dealingB.managingC.copingD.doingA.think outB.come outC.figure outD.put outA.alternativesB.combinationsC.productsD.bev
9、eragesA.andB.butC.soD.evenA.manualB.humanC.artificialD.falseA.whileB.butC.ifD.asA.concernsB.conditionsC.problemsD.risksA.reduceB.increaseC.changeD.varyA.unlikelyB.probableC.surprisingD.actualA.evidenceB.referenceC.indicationD.intentionA.designsB.stylesC.odorsD.choicesA.targetedB.aimedC.guidedD.orien
10、tedA.forB.byC.asD.to二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At work, as in life, attractive women get a lot of the breaks. Studies have shown that they are more likely to be promoted than their plain-Jane colleagues. Because people tend to project positive t
11、raits onto them, such as sensitivity and poise, they may also be at an advantage in job interviews. The only downside to hotness is having to fend off ghastly male colleagues; or so many people think. But research by two Israelis suggests otherwise. Bradley Ruffle at Ben-Gurion University and Ze“ev
12、Shtudiner at Ariel University Centre looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their curricula vitae , as is the norm in much of Europe and Asia. The pair sent fictional applications to over 2,500 real-life vacancies. For each job, they sent two very similar rsums, one with a photo
13、, one without. Subjects had previously been graded for their attractiveness. For men, the results were as expected. Hunks were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo. Ugly men were better off not including one. However, for women this was reversed. Attractive females were
14、 less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugshot. When applying directly to a company (rather than through an agency) an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average before getting an interview; an equally qualified plain one just seven. At first, Mr. Ruffle considered
15、 what he calls the “dumb-blonde hypothesis“ that people assume beautiful women to be stupid. However, the photos had also been rated on how intelligent people thought each subject looked; there was no correlation between perceived intellect and beauty. So the cause of the discrimination must lie els
16、ewhere. Human resources departments tend to be staffed mostly by women. Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invite for an interview were female. The researchers“ unavoidable and unpalatable conclusion is that old-fashioned jealousy led the women to discriminate a
17、gainst pretty candidates. So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy? No. Better, says Mr. Ruffle, to discourage the practice of including a photo altogether. Companies might even consider the anonymous model used in the Belgian public sector, where CVs do not even inc
18、lude the candidate“s name.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Beautiful women are easier to be trusted by their bossesB.People are inclined to think beautiful women have positive traitsC.Beautiful women are often sexually harassedD.Two Israelis think
19、 attractive women get a lot of the breaks(2).The phrase “curricula vitae“ (Para. 2) probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.curriculum schedulesB.rsumsC.briefcasesD.job sites(3).It can be seen from the text that Mr. Ruffle thinks _.（分数：2.00）A.“dumb-blonde hypothesis“ is wrongB.there are relations between intell
20、ect and beautyC.attractive women should not attach photos to the rsumsD.attractive women are easy to be offered an interview(4).The cause of the discrimination probably lies in _.（分数：2.00）A.women“s jealousyB.unavoidable errorC.traditional beliefsD.candidates“ ability(5).What is the passage mainly ab
21、out?（分数：2.00）A.The research by two IsraelisB.The reason of discrimination against pretty candidatesC.The physical attractiveness and careersD.The beauty“s trouble五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The guy in the next cubicle is yammering away on the phone. Across the room, someone begins cursing loudly at a ja
22、mmed copy machine. The headphones on the other end of your desk suddenly look very appealing. Would anyone mind if you tapped into your iTunes playlist for a while? Some workers like to listen to music when they find themselves losing focus. They may also plug in their earbuds to escape an environme
23、nt that“s too noisyor too quietor to make a repetitive job feel more lively. In biological terms, melodious sounds help encourage the release of dopamine (a chemical found in brain) in the reward area of the brain, as would eating a delicacy, looking at something appealing or smelling a pleasant aro
24、ma, said Dr. Amit Seed, a physician of integrative medicine with the Mayo Clinic. People“s minds tend to wander, “and we know that a wandering mind is unhappy,“ Dr. Seed said. “Most of that time, we are focusing on the imperfections of life.“ Music can bring us back to the present moment. “It breaks
25、 you out of just thinking one way,“ said Teresa Lesiuk, an assistant professor in the music therapy program at the University of Miami. Dr. Lesiuk“s research focuses on how music affects workplace performance. In one study involving information technology specialists, she found that those who listen
26、ed to music completed their tasks more quickly and came up with better ideas than those who didn“t, because the music improved their mood. Dr. Lesiuk found that personal choice in music was very important. She allowed participants in her study to select whatever music they liked and to listen as lon
27、g as they wanted. Those who were moderately skilled at their jobs benefited the most, while experts saw little or no effect. And some novices regarded the music as distracting. Dr. Lesiuk has also found that the older people are, the less time they spend listening to music at work. Few companies hav
28、e policies about music listening, said Paul Flaharty, a regional vice president at a staffing agency. But it is still a good idea to check with your manager, even if you see others wearing headphones in the office. For those who choose to listen to music, it“s best to set limits, because wearing hea
29、dphones for an entire shift can be perceived as rude by those nearby.（分数：10.00）(1).Some workers like to listen to music when they _.（分数：2.00）A.yammer away on the phoneB.curse loudly at a jammed copy machineC.cannot concentrate on workD.want to be in a noisy environment(2)._ will not help encourage t
30、he release of dopamine in the reward area of the brain.（分数：2.00）A.Listening to beautiful musicB.Eating delicious foodC.Looking at something appallingD.Smelling a fragrance(3).Which of the following is an effect of music according to Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.Making people“s mind wanderB.Bring people to
31、 their unhappy momentC.Making people focus on the imperfections of lifeD.Improving people“s mood(4).Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.People who are not so skilled at their job benefit the mostB.Music has the biggest effect on expertsC.Newcomers find music distra
32、cting their workD.Older people spend less time listening to music(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.companies encourage listening to music at workB.you can listen to music as you like when others are listening tooC.you should be aware of your time on listening to music
33、at workD.it is none of others“ business when you listen to music at work六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that yo
34、u are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you
35、 are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses“ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees
36、wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table b
37、y himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that“s God,“ came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he“s a doctor.“ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it“ll be appr
38、opriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman“s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn“t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer
39、 ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it“s the deli
40、very which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don“t succeed, give up“
41、 or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.（分数：10.00）(1).To make your humor work, you should _.（分数：2.00）A.take advantage of different kinds of audienceB.mak
42、e fun of the disorganized peopleC.address different problems to different peopleD.show sympathy for your listeners(2).The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are _.（分数：2.00）A.impolite to new arrivalsB.very conscious of their godlike roleC.entitled to some privilegesD.very bu
43、sy even during lunch hours(3).It can be inferred from the text that public services _.（分数：2.00）A.have benefited many peopleB.are the focus of public attentionC.are an inappropriate subject for humorD.have often been the laughing stock(4).To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be deli
44、vered _.（分数：2.00）A.in well-worded languageB.as awkwardly as possibleC.in exaggerated statementD.as casually as possible(5).The best title for the text may be _.（分数：2.00）A.Use Humor EffectivelyB.Various Kinds of HumorC.Add Humor to SpeechD.Different Humor Strategies七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Why has cri
45、me in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s? Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on. The “real“ answer is almost certainly a combination of these f
46、actors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash? Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it“s anonymous, nearly untraceable, and eas
47、ily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market. But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers. In the 198
48、0s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn“t switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri“s counties to establish whether the
49、 areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime. The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with “a significant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests.“ In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare. Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, s
