1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-1 及答案解析(总分：51.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independen
2、tly 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists,
3、 he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ
4、 test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breas
5、t cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is
6、 that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.（分数：10.00）A.selectedB.preparedC.obligedD.pleasedA.uniqueB.particularC.specialD.rareA.ofB.withC.inD.againstA.subsequentlyB.presentlyC.previouslyD.latelyA.OnlyB.SoC.Eve
7、nD.HenceA.thoughtB.sightC.costD.riskA.advisesB.suggestsC.protestsD.objectsA.progressB.factC.needD.questionA.attainingB.scoringC.reachingD.calculatingA.normalB.commonC.meanD.totalA.unconsciouslyB.disproportionatelyC.indefinitelyD.unaccountablyA.missionsB.fortunesC.interestsD.careersA.affirmB.witnessC
8、.observeD.approveA.moreoverB.thereforeC.howeverD.meanwhileA.given upB.got overC.carried onD.put downA.assessingB.supervisingC.administeringD.valuingA.developmentB.originC.consequenceD.instrumentA.linkedB.integratedC.wovenD.combinedA.limitedB.subjectedC.convertedD.directedA.paradoxicalB.incompatibleC
9、.inevitableD.continuous二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：4，分数：-4.00)The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and can“t be told from one another. But many of them still talk about where their ancestors came from. It is something the
10、y are proud of. The original Americans, of course were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France. One problem the United States has always had is discrimination. As new groups came to the United States they
11、 found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enough the worst discrimination today is shown towards the India
12、ns. One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinatown in New York. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also s
13、tays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a racial group. Although some groups have kept themselves separate
14、 and others have been discriminated against, all groups have helped make the United States a great county. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great country. Many people still come from other countries to help the
15、 United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States will still need the help of people from all racial groups to remain a great country
16、.（分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of this passage?（分数：-0.20）A.The United States is a country made up of many different racesB.Discrimination is the most serious problem in the United StatesC.All races in the United States have helped make the country a
17、great oneD.The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard work of the most discriminated races(2).In the first paragraph the word “told“ means _.（分数：-0.20）A.separatedB.distinguishedC.revealedD.made known(3).This passage implies that discrimination is a problem which _.（分数：-0.20）A.many
18、 races in the United States have experiencedB.will still be very serious in the United States in the futureC.has already been solved in the United StatesD.is strongly opposed by many different races in the United States(4).The main reason why the Indians are most discriminated against is that _.（分数：
19、-0.20）A.they have tried hard to keep their religionsB.they have tried hard to live together to keep their Indian customsC.they are the only ones who have tried to keep their identityD.they discriminate many other races(5).The Dutch live separately in Pennsylvania _.（分数：-0.20）A.to escape discriminati
20、onB.to keep together in a racial groupC.to enjoy themselves in their own townsD.for religious reasonsThe simple act of surrendering a telephone number to a store clerk may not seem harmfulso much so that many consumers do it with no questions asked. Yet that one action can set in motion a cascade of
21、 silent events, as that data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored and sold over and over again. Future attacks on your privacy may come from anywhere, from anyone with money to purchase that phone number you surrendered. If you doubt the multiplier effect, consider your E-mail inbox. If
22、it“s loaded with spam, it“s undoubtedly because at some point in time you unknowingly surrendered your E-mail to the wrong Web site. Do you think your telephone number or address is handled differently? A cottage industry of small companies with names you“ve probably never heard oflike Acxiom or Mer
23、linbuy and sell your personal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle futures are bartered. You may think your cell phone is unlisted, but if you“ve ever ordered a pizza, it might not be. Merlin is one of many commercial data brokers that advertises sale of unlisted phone numbers c
24、ompiled from various sources including pizza delivery companies. These unintended, unpredictable consequences that flow from simple actions make privacy issues difficult to grasp, and grapple with. In a larger sense, privacy also is often east as a tale of “Big Brother“ the government is watching yo
25、u or a big corporation is watching you. But privacy issues don“t necessarily involve large faceless institutions: A spouse takes a casual glance at her husband“s Blackberry, a co-worker looks at E-mail over your shoulder or a friend glances at a cell phone text message from the next seat on the bus.
26、 While very little of this is news to anyonepeople are now well aware there are video cameras and Internet cookies everywherethere is abundant evidence that people live their lives ignorant of the monitoring, assuming a mythical level of privacy. People write E-mails and type instant messages they n
27、ever expect anyone to see. Just ask Mark Foley or even Bill Gates, whose E-mails were a cornerstone of the Justice Department“s antitrust case against Microsoft. And polls and studies have repeatedly shown that Americans are indifferent to privacy concerns. The general defense for such indifference
28、is summed up a single phrase: “I have nothing to hide. “ If you have nothing to hide, why shouldn“t the government be able to peek at your phone records, your wife see your E-mails or a company send you junk mails? It“s a powerful argument, one that privacy advocates spend considerable time discussi
29、ng and strategizing over. It is hard to deny, however, that people behave differently when they“re being watched. And it is also impossible to deny that Americans are now being watched more than at any time in history.（分数：-1.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the telephone number is cited to show _.（分数：
30、-0.20）A.many customers didn“t keep their privacy confidentialB.it is harmful to give a store clerk a telephone numberC.careless disposal of personal information can be harmfulD.customers should inquire its use when giving telephone numbers to others(2).What do companies like Acxiom and Merlin do?（分数
31、：-0.20）A.Compile telephone directories for businessmenB.Collect and sell personal information to make a profitC.Trade commodities like corn on the marketD.Crack down crimes like stealing private information(3).From Paragraph 3, we learn that _.（分数：-0.20）A.cases of privacy intrusion happen only in la
32、rge institutionsB.people are quite aware of how their privacy is intrudedC.it is not privacy intrusion when a wife glances at her husband“s cell phoneD.Bill Gates“ email messages were cited as evidence against him(4).It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that the author thinks _.（分数：-0.20）A.A
33、mericans are actually concerned about privacy issuesB.Americans are indifferent to privacy concernsC.Americans are very frank about privacy concernsD.Americans are puzzled about privacy concerns(5).Which of the following is the author“s viewpoint?（分数：-0.20）A.Never give your private information to an
34、yoneB.People should pay more attention to their privacy issuesC.Do not surrender your email to any websiteD.It does no good saying “I have nothing to hide“You“ve now heard it so many times, you can probably repeat it in your sleep. President Obama will no doubt make the point publicly when he gets t
35、o Beijing: the Chinese need to consume more; they needbelieve it or notto become more like Americans, for the sake of the global economy. And it“s all true. But the other side of that equation is that the U. S. needs to save more. For the moment, American households actually are doing so. After the
36、personal-savings rate dipped to zero in 2005, the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets. In China, the household-savings rate exceeds 20%. It is partly for policy reasons. As we“ve seen, wage earners are expected to care for not only their children but the
37、ir aging parents. And there is, to date, only the flimsiest (脆弱的) of publicly-funded health care and pension systems, which increases incentives for individuals to save while they are working. But China is a society that has long esteemed personal financial prudence (谨慎). There is no chance that wil
38、l change anytime soon, even if the government creates a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending. Why does the U. S. need to learn a little frugality (节俭)? Because healthy savings rates are one of the surest indicators of a country“s long-term financial health.
39、High savings lead, over time, to increased investment, which in turn generates productivity gains, innovation and job growth. In short, savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest. The U. S. government thus needs to act as well. By running constant deficits, it is dis-saving, even as househ
40、olds save more. Peter Orszag, Obama“s Budget Director, recently called the U. S. budget deficits unsustainable and he“s right. To date, the U. S. has seemed unable to see the consequences of spending so much more than is taken in. That needs to change. And though Hu Jintao and the rest of the Chines
41、e leaderships aren“t inclined to lecture visiting Presidents, he might gently hint that Chinese government is getting a little nervous about the value of the dollarwhich has fallen 15% since March, in large part because of increasing fears that America“s debt load is becoming unmanageable. That“s wh
42、at happens when you“re the world“s biggest creditor: you get to drop hints like that, which would be enough by themselves to create international economic chaos if they were ever leaked. (Every time any official in Beijing deliberates publicly about seeking an alternative to the U. S. dollar for the
43、 $2.1 trillion China holds in reserve, currency traders have a heart attack. ) If Americans saved more and spent less, consistently over time, they wouldn“t have to worry about all that.（分数：-1.00）(1).How did the economic crisis affect Americans?（分数：-0.20）A.They had to tighten their beltsB.Their bank
44、 savings rate dropped to zeroC.Their leadership in the global economy was shakenD.They became concerned about China“s financial policy(2).What should be done to encourage Chinese people to consume?（分数：-0.20）A.Changing their traditional way of lifeB.Providing fewer incentives for savingC.Improving Ch
45、ina“s social security systemD.Cutting down the expenses on child-rearing(3).What does the author mean by saying “ savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest“ (Line 4, Para. 4) ?（分数：-0.20）A.The more one saves, the more returns one will reapB.A country“s economy hinges on its savings policyC
46、.Those who keep saving will live an easy life in the endD.A healthy savings rate promotes economic prosperity(4).In what circumstances do currency traders become scared?（分数：-0.20）A.When Chinese government allows its currency exchange rates to floatB.When China starts to reduce its current foreign re
47、servesC.When China talks about switching its dollar reserves to other currenciesD.When Chinese government mentions in public the huge debts America owes China(5).What is the author“s purpose of writing the passage?（分数：-0.20）A.To urge the American government to cut deficitsB.To encourage Chinese peop
48、le to spend moreC.To tell Americans not to worry about their economyD.To promote understanding between China and AmericaAt the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violenc
49、e in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science history might contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun o
