1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-19 及答案解析(总分：94.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation.
2、The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a (an) U U 1 /U /Ufor a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it U U 2 /U /Ua variety of functions in human life.The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the U U 3 /U /Uof leisure: there is less time
3、for games, amusement and rest. U U 4 /U /Uby what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly U U 5 /U /Uthemselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the U U 6 /U /Uof violence in the media and its U U 7 /U /Uharm to children and adol
4、escents for at least forty years. During this period, new media U U 8 /U /U, such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media, U U 9 /U /Utelevision, U U 10 /U /Upublic concern and research attention.Another large societal concer
5、n on our young generation U U 11 /U /Uby the media, is body image. U U 12 /U /Uforces can influence body image positively or negatively. U U 13 /U /Uone, societal and cultural norms and mass media marketing U U 14 /U /Uour concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of U U 15 /U /U. beauty fil
6、l magazines and newspapers, U U 16 /U /Ufrom our televisions and entertain us U U 17 /U /Uthe movies. Even in advertising, the mass media U U 18 /U /Uon accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a U U 19 /U /Udefined standard of attractiven
7、ess, a (n) U U 20 /U /Uthat carries unrealistic physical expectations.（分数：4.00）(1). A. alternative B. preference C. substitute D. representative（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(2). A. accomplishes B. fulfills C. provides D. suffices（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(3). A. risk B. mercy C. height D. expense（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(4). A.
8、 Absorbed B. Attracted C. Aroused D. Addicted（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(5). A. identify B. recognize C. unify D. equate（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(6). A. abundance B. incidence C. prevalence D. recurrence（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(7). A. disposed B. hidden C. implicit D. potential（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(8). A. merged B. emerged C. i
9、mmerged D. submerged（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(9). A. apart from B. much as C. but for D. along with（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(10). A. promote B. propel C. prompt D. prosper（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(11). A. inspired B. imposed C. delivered D. contributed（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(12). A. External B. Exterior C. Explicit D. Exposed（分数
10、：0.20）A.B.C.D.(13). A. As B. At C. For D. In（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(14). A. mark B. effect C. impact D. shock（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(15). A. generalized B. regularized C. standardized D. categorized（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(16). A. boom B. bottom C. brim D. beam（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(17). A. over B. with C. on D. at（分数：0.20
11、）A.B.C.D.(18). A. play B. take C. profit D. resort（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(19). A. barely B. carefully C. narrowly D. subjectively（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.(20). A. ideal B. image C. stereotype D. criterion（分数：0.20）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Directions: Read the following four
12、 passages. Answer the questions below by choosing A, B, C or D.Thanks to closed doors and fierce gatekeepers, bosses are tricky to observe in their natural habitat. Yet it might be useful to know what they do all day, and whether any of it benefits shareholders. A new Harvard Business School working
13、 paper sheds some light.Researchers asked the chief executives of 94 Italian firms to have their assistants record their activities for a week. You may take this with a grain of salt. Is the bosss assistant a neutral observer? If the boss spends his lunch hour drinking a lot, or in a motel with his
14、assistant, will she record this truthfully? Nonetheless, here are the results.The average Italian boss works for 48 hours a week and spends 60% of that time in meetings. The most diligent put in another 20 hours. And the longer they work, the better the company does.Less diligent chief executives ar
15、e more likely to have one-to-one meetings with people from outside the company. The authors speculate that such people are trying to raise their own profile, perhaps to secure a better job. Bosses who work longer hours, by contrast, spend more of them meeting their own employees.Bosses often complai
16、n that they get bogged down in day-to-day operations, says Rajesh Chandy, a professor at the London Business School. Regulations that make them legally responsible for their underlings wrongdoings are partly to blame. The prospect of jail is a powerful attention-grabber. Many bosses also feel they m
17、ust dash around the world pitching to clients. Mr Chandy thinks bosses should spend less time with clients and more time thinking about the future.How much time they spend thinking about anything is hard to measure. But in an experiment, Mr Chandy measured how often bosses use forward-looking words
18、like “will“ and “shall“ in their public statements. He concluded that bosses spend only 3%4% of their day thinking about long-term strategy.Brian Sullivan, the chief executive of CTPartners, a headhunting firm, says the most difficult part of his job is saying no to people who want a piece of his ti
19、me. Mr Sullivan says the only time he gets for blue-sky thinking is when he is in the sky.Bill Gates took regular “think weeks“, when he would sit alone in a cabin for 18 hours a day reading and contemplating. This, it is said, led to such strategic masterstrokes as “the Internet tidal wave memo“ in
20、 1995, which shifted Microsofrs focus to the web. But not every boss thinks he needs more time for thinking. “You can hire McKinsey to do that for you,“ says one.（分数：10.00）(1).The author estimates that peoples attitude towards the working paper of Harvard Business School might be _. A. critical B. s
21、uspicious C. interested D. neutral（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The bosses spend more time meeting people outside the company because they plan to _. A. develop more business with other companies B. get more information of other companies C. improve their own public impression D. recruit more talented employ
22、ees from other companies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 5, which of the following statement is NOT true? A. Bosses always feel annoyed at the endless routine work B. Some bosses might be put into prison due to their employees misconduct C. Many bosses think they need to market their prod
23、ucts all over the world D. Bosses are supposed to spend more time talking with their customers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What kind of company McKinsey might be? A. A strategy consulting corporation B. A headhunting firm C. A software design company D. An employment agency（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The most appr
24、opriate title for the text could be _. A. The Study on Chief Executives B. How to Be a Qualified Boss C. What Do Bosses Do All Day? D. The Bosss “Think Weeks“（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.In 2007 Safaricom, the biggest mobile operator in Kenya, launched M-PESA, a service that allows money to be sent and received
25、 using mobile phones. It is used by 70% of the adult population and has become central to the economy: around 25% of Kenyas GNP flows through it.Similar schemes have had some success elsewhere. There has been a particular push in east Africa. Yet in many poor countries where mobile money should be f
26、lourishing, it isnt.Mobile-money services are especially useful in developing countries. A worker in the city can send money to his family in the village without having to waste a day travelling on a rickety bus. Indeed, he can pay his familys household bills directly from his phone. It is safer too
27、: nobody wants to carry wads of currency on public transport.Mobile money also gives its usersmany of whom are poor and have no access to banksa way to save small amounts of money. Mobile transactions are more traceable than cash, making it harder for corrupt officials to embezzle undetected. And la
28、tely Kenya has discovered a further benefit: the success of M-PESA has provided the foundation for a group of start-ups in Nairobi that are building new products and services on top of it.Not all countries need mobile money, of course. Rich countries, with cash machines, credit cards and Internet ba
29、nking, have little use for it. And among developing countries, not all have Kenyas specific mix of circumstances. Safaricom had a dominant market share when it launched M-PESA, giving the service a large base of potential customers. But there is also a bad reason why mobile money has failed to sprea
30、d. Many of the poor countries that would most benefit from mobile money seem intent on keeping its suppliers outmainly by insisting they should be regulated like banks.Nobody disputes the idea that financial transactions need to be monitored. But there is also, equally clearly, a rather big differen
31、ce between a cheap money-transfer system like M-PESA and a full lending bank like Citicorp. The security worries are usually fairly easily dealt with. Placing a limit on the size of transactions and the total balance that can be stored reduces the risk of mobile money being used to launder cash.Anot
32、her concern is consumer protection: cunning operators could steal cash. One compromise, which has been adopted in several African countries, is to get operators to form partnerships with banks.Indeed, rather than fighting mobile money, governments should use it themselves.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the
33、following is NOT true according to the first paragraph? A. M-PESA was rolled out by a company in Kenya B. M-PESA is a money-transfer service via cell phones C. Over two thirds of adults in Kenya use M-PESA D. Kenyas economy is supported by M-PESA（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Mobile money may bring to develop
34、ing countries all of the following EXCEPT _. A. convenience B. safety C. corruption D. inspiration（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 5, the failure of launching M-PESA in many poor countries is because _. A. the ATMs there hinder its development B. Safaricom dominates the local market C. th
35、e service is not popular among customers D. its suppliers are refused to let in（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How to solve the security problem of users money when using mobile money? A. To restrict the number of transactions B. To limit the value of transactions C. To let operators cooperate with banks D. To
36、 let the governments use the service（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the text is _. A. The Advantage of Mobile Money B. The Promotion of Mobile Money C. The History of Mobile Money D. The Impact of Mobile Money（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Improving the balance between the working part of the day and the
37、rest of it is a goal of a growing number of workers in rich Western countries. Some are turning away from the ideals of their parents, for whom work always came first; others with scarce skills are demanding more because they know they can get it. Employers, caught between a failing population of wo
38、rkers and tight controls on immigration, are eager to identify extra perks that will lure more “talent“ their way. Just now they are focusing on benefits ( especially flexible working) that offer employees more than just pay.Some companies saw the change of mood some time ago. IBM has more than 50 d
39、ifferent programs promoting work-life balance and Bank of America over 30. But plenty of other firms remain unconvinced and many lack the capacity to cater to such ideas even if they wanted to. Helen Murlis, with Hay Group, a human-resources consultancy, sees a widening gap between firms “at the cre
40、ative end of employment“ and those that are not.The chief component of almost all schemes to promote work-life balance is flexible working. This allows people to escape rigid nine-to-five schedules and work away from a formal office. IBM says that 40% of its employees today work off the company prem
41、ises. For many businesses, flexible working is a necessity. Globalization has spread the hours in which workers need to communicate with each other and increased the call for flexible shifts.Nella Barkley, an American who advises companies on work-life balance, says that large firms are beginning to
42、 understand the value of such schemes, “but only slowly. “ For most of them, they still mean little more than child care, health care and flexible working.To some extent, the proliferation of work-life-balance schemes is a function of todays labor market. Companies in knowledge-based industries worr
43、y about the shortage of skills and how they are going to persuade talented people to work for them. Although white-collar workers are more likely to be laid off nowadays, they are also likely to get rehired. Unemployement among college graduates in America is just over 2%. The same competition for s
44、carce talent is evident in Britain.For some time to come, talented people in the West will demand more from employers, and clear employers will create new Ugewgaw/U to entice them to join. Those employers should note that for a growing number of these workers the most appealing gewgaw of all is the
45、freedom to work as and when they please.（分数：10.00）(1).Employees are demanding more form their employers because _. A. they always put their work as the first thing in life B. they are pursuing a more balanced lifestyle C. they are equipped with special skills D. they are focusing on benefits more th
46、an their salary（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The present situation about the work-life balance problem is that _. A. many companies have different programs for this problem B. many companies are ready to take effective solutions C. companies are at two extremes in solving this problem D. many companies are i
47、ndifferent to this problem（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).IBM is mentioned in the third paragraph to show that _. A. IBM has many different programs enhancing work-life balance B. flexible working means flexible working time C. flexible working includes allowing employees to work outside offices D. flexible working can be realized by flexible shifts（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, work-life balance schemes _. A. are now adopted by many large firms B. mainly contain child care, health care and flexible working C. are welcomed by wh
