1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.The notion of using a management degree to do good while doing well has grown in popularity on todays business school
2、 campuses. And an ever-increasing number of students plan on putting their talent to use within the U U 1 /U /Usector. The recession has led many applicants to reevaluate their priorities and U U 2 /U /Uwhat they want to do with their lives, often trading jobs with status and huge paychecks for care
3、ers with a (n) U U 3 /U /Usocial impact.In order to keep and develop the competitive U U 4 /U /Uneeded to survive in todays uncertain economy, non-profits must run themselves just like any other successful business. What you need to U U 5 /U /Ua company well, as is often the U U 6 /U /Uwithin this s
4、ector, business skills are essential. U U 7 /U /Uare people skills, management skills, financial-analysis skills, IT skillsthe list goes on. Thats U U 8 /U /Uthe MBA degree comes in.While at business school, social enterprise-minded students can take U U 9 /U /Uof numerous clubs, competitions, globa
5、l experiences, and centers. And the centers are U U 10 /U /Uto teach students about topics ranging from nonprofit management to starting businesses that U U 11 /U /Uunderrepresented communities. The Social Enterprise Initiative is a big part of MBA experience at Harvard Business School, which U U 12
6、 /U /Umort than 500 books and cases published on the subject since 1993 and more than 90 HBS U U 13 /U /Uengaged in social enterprise research and teaching. U U 14 /U /Uthe Center for Social Innovation at Stanford Graduate School of Business, MBA students can earn a certificate in the Public Managem
7、ent Program as they focus their academic efforts in U U 15 /U /Usuch as the environment, international development, health care, and education.Across the pond, the Skoll Center for Social Entrepreneurship at Oxfords Said Business School U U 16 /U /Ufor its variety of social entrepreneurship elective
8、s, MBA projects on social innovation, and cocurricular activities. It was U U 17 /U /Uin 2003 with a 4.4 million investment by the Skoll Foundation, the largest U U 18 /U /Ucenter offers up to five fully funded MBA scholarships to U U 19 /U /Uimpressive candidates, named Skoll Skollars, who plan to
9、U U 20 /U /Uentrepreneurial solution for urgent social and environmental challenges.（分数：10.00）(1). A. executive B. nonprofit C. indifferent D. illegal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. forbid B. manage C. determine D. utilize（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. alternative B. adverse C. relative D. positive（分数：0.50）A.B.C
10、.D.(4). A. future B. edge C. degree D. request（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. take B. carry C. make D. run（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. cause B. motion C. case D. problem（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. Though B. Even C. All D. So（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. how B. where C. why D. when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. charge B. adv
11、antage C. measure D. hold（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. designed B. presented C. contributed D. regarded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. warn B. serve C. provide D. discourage（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. imports B. borrows C. orders D. boasts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. organizations B. instructors C. supervisors D.
12、pupils（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. For B. With C. Through D. Since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. areas B. ways C. goals D. actions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. gets over B. comes out C. puts back D. stands out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. generated B. founded C. executed D. invented（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. funding
13、 B. value C. tuition D. expenditure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. seemingly B. directly C. highly D. literally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. expect B. regulate C. report D. pursue（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the
14、 questions below by choosing A, B, C or D.Germanys economic success presents something of an educational puzzle. On the one hand, its schools turn out a workforce capable of producing the goods that have made its companies the export champions of the world. On the other hand, the academic achievemen
15、ts of its school children, measured in international tests, look only moderate. The reading abilities of German 15-year-olds, according to the PISA studies published by the OECD, are below the average for rich countries. In a world where brainpower matters more and more, how does German business thr
16、ive?The answer is that a combination of schooling and apprenticeship has proved a reliable supplier and shaper of the sort of labor German businesses need to make goods of high quality, even as similar jobs have disappeared in other rich economies. At the age of 10 or 11 about two-fifths of children
17、 are selected to go to a Gymnasium. A lot of these go eventually to universities. Most who do not, and many of those at least academic schools, go ultimately into specialized training for one of around 350 trades, from gardening to glass-blowing.Students divide their time between classrooms and the
18、factory floor, acquiring a lot of knowledge on the job. According to many company bosses, this makes them both expert and flexible. Because German jobs are fairly secure, many employees invest time in learning new skills. Companies invest in teaching them, toofor example, to use computers to design
19、parts-because their workers are not like to quit.Moreover, basic education seems to be getting better. The first PISA study, published in 2001, in which German children did poorly, caused much national soul-searching. Germanys position in the OECD rankings has improved a great deal in the past few y
20、ears.Even so, the system has flaws. Some worry, for example, that the stronger general education is needed to equip young Germans to change trades should demand for their specific expertise dry up.A bigger concern is that early selection fails children form poor and immigrant families, who are likel
21、iest to attend the least academic schools and to miss out on apprenticeships. Partly for this reason, there is a large group of students at the bottom of the rankingswhich explains why the German average is still below standard.Some think that this may eventually cost the economy. Ludger Wossmann, o
22、f the Ifo Institute at Munich University, reckons that the best long-run predictor of a countrys economic growth rate is the performance of its children in comparative tests in science, math and so forth. Germanys scores, he points out, do not predict well.（分数：10.00）(1).The reason why German economy
23、 can become prosperous indicates is that _. A. German companies can produce goods of the best quality in the world B. German education pays much attention to studentsskill training C. the education system can stably provide personnel needed by German business D. there are some kinds of trades in Ger
24、many that dont exist in other rich countries（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).German bosses are willing to spend money in teaching their employees new skills because _. A. their employees are not only professional but also quick-minded B. it is not easy to hire a suitable employee in Germany C. their employees a
25、re interested in learning a new skills D. it is unlikely for their employees to resign（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which one of the following is NOT the shortcoming of German educational system? A. The basic education for children is becoming worse and worse B. General education is not strong enough for you
26、ng people to change trades C. Many poor students cant go to more academic schools because of early selection D. Immigrant children may miss the opportunities for apprenticeship（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is Ludger Wossmanns attitude towards the future of German economic growth rate? A. Indifferent B.
27、Doubtful C. Pessimistic D. Neutral（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Whats the best title for the text? A. The Schooling System of German Children B. The Development of German Economy C. The Improvement of German Education D. The Training System of German Workforce（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.You hear the refrain all the tim
28、e: the U. S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesnt feel good. Why doesnt ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.The Affluent Society
29、is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold“ threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours. “ After World War , the dread of another Great De
30、pression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4. 5 percent.To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn t really want or need. Because
31、so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctivelyand wronglylabeled government only as “a necessary evil“Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is s
32、tanding still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most peoples incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel “squeezed“ becaus
33、e their rising incomes often dont satisfy their rising wantsfor bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs incr
34、eased, that part has eroded. More workers fear theyve become “the disposable American,“ as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up
35、 to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets lo
36、ose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-so
37、cial consequences, including family breakdown and obesity (肥胖症). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.Should we be surprised? Not really. Weve simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.（分数：10.00）(1).What question does John
38、Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society? A. Why statistics dont tell the truth about the economy B. Why affluence doesnt guarantee happiness C. How happiness can be promoted today D. What lies behind an economic boom（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Galbraith, people feel discontent
39、ed because _. A. public spending hasnt been cut down as expected B. the government has proved to be a necessary evil C. they are in fear of another Great Depression D. materialism has run wild in modern society（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considera
40、bly? A. Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings B. Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation C. The distribution of wealth is uneven between the rich and the poor D. Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does
41、 Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American“ (Line 3, Para. 5)? A. Those who see job stability as part of their living standard B. People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence C. People who have little say in American politics D. Workers who no longer have secure jobs（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.
42、(5).What has affluence brought to American society? A. Renewed economic security B. A sense of self-fulfillment C. New conflicts and complaints D. Misery and anti-social behavior（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old man
43、icurist isnt cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that p
44、eople can do without when they re concerned about saving some dollars. “So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too“ she says.Even before Alan Greensp
45、ans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue
46、 between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys
47、long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“ says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,“ says john Deadly, a Bay Area realestat
