1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health. “ But U U 1 /U /Usome c
2、laims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does U U 2 /U /Ushort-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, U U 3 /U /Uheart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to U U 4 /U /U, a good laugh is unlike
3、ly to have U U 5 /U /Ubenefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.U U 6 /U /U, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the U U 7 /U /U, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter U U 8 /U /Umuscles, decreasing muscle tone for up
4、to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help U U 9 /U /Uthe effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of U U 10 /U /Ufeedback, that improve an individuals emotional state. U U 11 /U /Uone classical theory of
5、emotion, our feelings are partially rooted U U 12 /U /Uphysical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry U U 13 /U /Uthey are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also U U 14 /U /Utears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow U
6、 U 15 /U /Umuscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wiirzburg in Germany asked volunteers to U U 16 /U /Ua pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with their lips, which would produce a (n) U U 17 /U /Ue
7、xpression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles U U 18 /U /Umore exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, U U 19 /U /Uthat expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around U U 20 /U /U, the physical act of laughter could i
8、mprove mood.（分数：10.00）(1). A. among B. except C. despite D. like（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. reflect B. demand C. indicate D. produce（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. stabilizing B. boosting C. impairing D. determining（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. transmit B. sustain C. evaluate D. observe（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. mea
9、surable B. manageable C. affordable D. renewable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. In turn B. In fact C. In addition D. In brief（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. opposite B. impossible C. average D. expected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. hardens B. weakens C. tightens D. relaxes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. aggravate B. generate
10、 C. moderate D. enhance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. physical B. mental C. subconscious D. internal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. Except for B. According to C. Due to D. As for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. with B. on C. in D. at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. unless B. until C. if D. because（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. e
11、xhausts B. follows C. precedes D. suppresses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. into B. from C. towards D. beyond（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. fetch B. bite C. pick D. hold（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. disappointed B. excited C. joyful D. indifferent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. adapted B. catered C. turned D. reacted（分数
12、：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. suggesting B. requiring C. mentioning D. supposing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. Eventually B. Consequently C. Similarly D. Conversely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eac
13、h text by choosing A, B, C, or D.At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks theyre bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides
14、a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrantsimpact on the economy and the reality
15、7There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that f
16、oreigners add to the nations fears and insecurities. Theres some truth to all these explanations, but they arent quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of whats going on, consider the way immigrations impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distr
17、ibuted unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrantslowcost labor are businesses and employers-meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producerssavings probably translate
18、into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter7 As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George
19、Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried th
20、em most, in other words, was the fiscal (财政的) burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrantsaccess to certain benefits.The iron
21、y is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected-say, low-skilled workers, or California residents-the impact isnt all that dramatic. “The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions,“ says Daniel Tichenor, a polit
22、ical science professor at the University of Oregon. “But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one. “ Too bad most people dont realize it.（分数：10.00）(1).What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Whether immi
23、grants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists B. The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now its a different story C. The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged D. The general public thinks differently from most economists on the
24、impact of immigration（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration? A. They can access all kinds of public services B. They can get consumer goods at lower prices C. They can mix with people of different cultures D. They can avoid doing much of th
25、e manual labor（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration? A. They have greater difficulty getting welfare support B. They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts C. They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay D. They are no match
26、for illegal immigrants in labor skills（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants ? A. It may change the existing social structure B. It may pose a threat to their economic status C. It may lead to social instability
27、 in the country D. It may place a great strain on the state budget（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the irony about the debate over immigration? A. Even economists cant reach a consensus about its impact B. Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it C. People are making too big a fuss a
28、bout something of small impact D. There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came r
29、ight out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company. “ Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,“ McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McG
30、ee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation th
31、at they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the
32、first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will
33、abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I cant
34、think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first. “Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became hea
35、d of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more
36、acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted,“ says one headhunter. “The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long. “（分数：10.00）(1).When McGee announced his departure, his m
37、anner can best be described as being A. arrogant B. frank C. self-centered D. impulsive（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Paragraph 2, senior executivesquitting may be spurred by A. their expectation of better financial status B. their need to reflect on their private life C. their strained relations
38、 with the boards D. their pursuit of new career goals（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “poached“ (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means A. approved of B. attended to C. hunted for D. guarded against（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that A. top performers used to cling to
39、 their posts B. loyahy of top performers is getting out-dated C. top performers care more about reputations D. its safer to stick to the traditional rules（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. CEOs: Where to Go? B. CEOs: All the Way Up? C. Top Managers Jump wi
40、thout a Net D. The Only Way Out for Top Performers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid“ media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role, companies today can exploit ma
41、ny alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned“ media by sending E-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are
42、controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for usersresponses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media-for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such so
43、ld media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go
44、further. Johnson Laetoli, Tanzania; East Turkana, Kenya; and elsewhere in East Africa. These sites contain evidence of the first appearance of bipedal (uprightwalking, apelike early humans). U U 1 /U /UThe first physically modem humans, Homo sapiens, appeared in tropical Africa between 200,000 and 1
45、50,000 years ago-dates determined by molecular biologists and archaeologists working together. Dozens of archaeological sites throughout Asia and Europe show how people migrated from Africa and settled in these two continents during the last Ice Age (100,000 to 15,000 years ago). U U 2 /U /UArchaeol
46、ogists have documented that the development of agriculture took place about 10,000 years ago. Early domesticationthe planting and harvesting of plants and the breeding and herding of animals is evident in such places as the ancient settlement of Jericho in Jordan and in Tehuacn Valley in Mexico. Arc
47、haeology plays a major role in the study of early civilizations, such as those of the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who built the city of Ur, and the ancient Egyptians, who are famous for the pyramids near the city of Giza and the royal sepulchres (tombs) of the Valley of the Kings at Thebes. U U 3 /U /UArchaeological research spans the entire development of phenomena that are unique to humans. For instance, archaeology tells the story of when people learned to bury their dead and developed beliefs in an afterlife. Sites containing signs of the first simple
