1、GCT工程硕士（英语）-试卷 78及答案解析(总分：134.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary and Struc(总题数：11，分数：22.00)1.Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your a
2、nswer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：2.00）_2.American women were _ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.（分数：2.00）A.ignoredB.neglectedC.refusedD.denied3.The brave man was greatly honoured when the organizer announced, “You _ a medal!“（分数：2.00）A
3、.earnB.expectC.deserveD.reserve4.All imported wine were made to pay heavy _.（分数：2.00）A.feesB.dutiesC.pricesD.money5.You think you are clever, _, I assure you that you are very foolish.（分数：2.00）A.on the contraryB.on the other sideC.in other wordsD.on the whole6.Many people complain of the rapid _ of
4、modern life.（分数：2.00）A.rateB.speedC.paceD.growth7.Then _ of that time when he was cowboy.（分数：2.00）A.comes the memoryB.came the memoryC.the memory comesD.the memory came8.Busy _ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.asC.no matter howD.although9.If only I _ the books on
5、the reading list before I attended the lecture.（分数：2.00）A.readB.have readC.had readD.could have read10.The science of medicine, _ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all sciences.（分数：2.00）A.to whichB.with whichC.in whichD.among which11.Mr. Jack _ volleyball in the a
6、fternoon, but now his leg wounded, _ in the evening.（分数：2.00）A.used to play; is used to taking a walkB.used to playing; is used to take a walkC.was used to playing; used to taking a walkD.was used to play; used to take a walk二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)12.Part II Reading ComprehensionDirec
7、tions: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：10.00）_It is hard to track the
8、 blue whale, the ocean“s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior. So biologists were delighted early
9、 this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale for 33 days monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy“s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new w
10、orld just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies. Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the
11、 system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption(爆发) for the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures. The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile
12、 a secondslower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope(听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patient“s chest to a doctor“s ear. This focusing is the mai
13、n reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage is chiefly about _.（分数：2.00）A.an effort to protect an endangered marine speciesB.the civilian use of a military detection systemC.the exposure of a U.S
14、. Navy top-secret weaponD.a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales(2).The underwater listening system was originally designed _.（分数：2.00）A.to trace and locate enemy vesselsB.to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC.to study the movement of ocean currentsD.to replace the global radio communi
15、cations network(3).The deep-sea listening system makes use of _.（分数：2.00）A.the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under waterB.the capability of sound to travel at high speedC.the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting soundD.low-frequency sounds travelling across differen
16、t layers of water(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whalesB.blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening systemC.opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed
17、 to use military technologyD.military technology has great potential in civilian use(5).Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?（分数：2.00）A.It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.B.It has been replaced by a more advanced system.C.It became useless t
18、o the military after the cold war.D.It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.President Coolidge“s statement, “The business of America is business“, still points to an important truth todaythat business institutions have more prestige(威望) in American society than any other kind of organiz
19、ation, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by
20、 most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensur
21、ing that there is no monopoly(垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly.
22、Where many businesses compete for the customers“ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive
23、 of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom. Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the
24、 ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefor
25、e viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.（分数：10.00）(1).The statement “The business of America is business“ probably means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.The business institutions in America are concerned withB.Business problems ar
26、e of great importance to the American governmentC.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business(2).Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only _.（分数：2.00）A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their
27、 individual freedomD.by way of competition(3).Who can benefit from business competition?（分数：2.00）A.Honest businessmen.B.Both businessmen and their customers.C.People with ideals of equality and freedom.D.Both business institutions and government.(4).Government is believed to differ strikingly from b
28、usiness in that government is characterized by _.（分数：2.00）A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in preserving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _.（分数：2.00
29、）A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB.in many countries success often depends on one“s social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in AmericaBrazil has become one of the
30、developing world“s great successes at reducing population growthbut more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard. Brazil“s population growth rate has dropp
31、ed from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries. Martine puts it d
32、own to, among other things, soap operas(通俗电视连续剧) and instalment(分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world“s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil“s most popular television network, shows thr
33、ee hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities. “Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper clas
34、s valuesnot many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working“, says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package“. Meanwhile, the instalment plans tried to en
35、courage the poor to become consumers. “This 1ed to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was in compatible(不相容的) with unlimited reproduction“, says Martine.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth _.（分数：2.00）A.by educating its citizensB.b
36、y careful family planningC.by developing TV programmesD.by chance(2).According to the passage, many Third World countries _.（分数：2.00）A.haven“t attached much importance to birth controlB.would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rateC.haven“t yet found an effective measure to control their po
37、pulationD.neglected the role of TV plays in family planning(3).The phrase “puts it down to“(Line 1, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to“ _“.（分数：2.00）A.attributes it toB.sums it up asC.finds it a reason forD.compares it to(4).Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil“s birth rate because _.（分数：2.00）A.
38、they keep people sitting long hours watching TVB.they have gradually changed people“s way of lifeC.people are drawn to their attractive packageD.they popularize birth control measures(5).What is Martine“s conclusion about Brazil“s population growth?（分数：2.00）A.The increase in birth rate will promote
39、consumption.B.The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.C.Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory.D.A country“s production is limited by its population growth.According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today“s traditional-ag
40、e college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic(利他主义的)“than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. Not surprising in these hard times, the student“s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life“. It follows th
41、en that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic“ fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. That“s no surprise either. A friend of mine
42、 (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the jobeven before she completed her two-year associate degree. While it“s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible
43、amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions- be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to
44、 see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run! But the most important argument for a broad education i
45、s that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom(对讲机): “Miss Baxter“, he says, “could you please send in someone
46、 who can distinguish right from wrong?“ From the long-term point of view, that“s what education really ought to be about.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author“s observation, college students _.（分数：2.00）A.have never been so materialistic as todayB.have never been so interested in the artsC.have never
47、 been so financially well off as todayD.have never attached so much importance to mutual sense(2).The students“ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _.（分数：2.00）A.the influences of their instructorsB.the financial goals they seek in lifeC.their own interpretations of the coursesD.
48、their understanding of the contributions of others(3).By saying “While it“s true thatbe they scientific or artistic“ (Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.business management should be included in educational programsB.human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC.human intellectual development has reached new heightsD.the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked(4).Studying the diverse wisdom of others can _.（分数：2.00）A.create varying artistic interestsB.help people see things in their right perspectiveC.help improve connect
