1、2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：180 分钟)Section I Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new
2、research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to 4 themse
3、lves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified
4、;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9
5、the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific adv
6、ances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were
7、less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.“Hsee says.In other words,
8、dont read online comments.（分数：10.0）(1).（分数：0.5）A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore(2).（分数：0.5）A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret(3).（分数：0.5）A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt(4).（分数：0.5）A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat(5).（分数：0.5）A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept(6).（分数：0.5）A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt(7).（分数
9、：0.5）A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When(8).（分数：0.5）A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change(9).（分数：0.5）A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to(10).（分数：0.5）A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forgetD.discover(11).（分数：0.5）A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling(12).（分数：0.5）A.begin withB.rest onC.learn fromD.lead to(13).（分数：0.
10、5）A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence(14).（分数：0.5）A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive(15).（分数：0.5）A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace(16).（分数：0.5）A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal(17).（分数：0.5）A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend(18).（分数：0.5）A.reliefB.planC.outcom
11、eD.duty(19).（分数：0.5）A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how(20).（分数：0.5）A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequencesSection Reading Co(总题数：6，分数：40.00)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of
12、something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelm
13、ed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a
14、kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotypethat its for kids who cant make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution.Manufacturing
15、 is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for all -and the subtle devaluin
16、g of anything less-misses an important point:Thats not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelors degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequa
17、tely trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs mos
18、t arent equipped to do them.Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nations diversiy of gifts.（分数：5）(1).A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students lack o
19、f_.（分数：1）A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit(2).There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who_.（分数：1）A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation(3).We can inf
20、er from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates_.（分数：1）A.are entitled to more “ducational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturingC.used to have more job opportunitiesD.used to have big financial concerns(4).The headlong push into bachelois degrees for all_.（分数：1）A.helps create a lot of mid
21、dle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education(5).The authors attitude toward Koziateks school can be described as_.（分数：1）A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousText2While fossil fuels- c
22、oal,oil,gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply,itsclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewablesources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentumaround the world: They now account for more than half ofnew power sourcesgoing on line.Some
23、growth stems from a commitment bygovernments and farsighted Businssesto fundcleanerenergy sources.But increasinglythestoryisabout theplummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solarpanels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close taone-third in the p
24、ast eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a re
25、markable shift. In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in
26、 Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean e
27、nergy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesntshine?“ has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage apacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven
28、 in par by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now. this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking.
29、The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does-or doesnt do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought.（分数：5）(1).The word “plummeting“(Line
30、3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to _（分数：1）A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising(2). According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America _（分数：1）A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical(3).It can be learned that in Iowa,_
31、.（分数：1）A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply(4).Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalisti
32、c” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should h
33、ave deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctors appointment or important meeting,” he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim
34、 Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.Wh
35、ile the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving roo
36、m for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the bo
37、dy.idleness is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between b
38、eing focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people dont realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain，” says Pillay.（分数：5）(1).The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_（分数：1）A.seize every minu
39、te to workB.list you immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.Keep to your focus time(2).The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that（分数：1）A.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB.detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC.distractions may actually increase efficiency
40、D.daily schedules arc indispensable to studying(3).According to Newport, idleness is _（分数：1）A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work(4).Pillay believes that our brains s
41、hift between being focused and infocused _（分数：1）A.can bring about greater efficiencyB.can result in psychological well-beingC.is driven by task urgencyD.is aimed at better balance in work(5).This text is mainly about_（分数：1）A.approaches to getting more done in less timeB.Ways to relieve the tension o
42、f busy lifeC.The key to eliminating distractionsD.The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do no
43、t need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Five ways to make conversation with anyone Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link. You meet new people every
44、 day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or thesecurity guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link. Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers. 41._ Suppose you are in a room with someone you
45、 dont know and something within you says I wantto talk with this person this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted tosay somethin the first word-but it just wont come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feelings and here is my advice just get it out. Just think:
46、 that is the worst that could happen? They wont talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now! I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: Hi, Hey or Hellodo the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put
47、 on a big smile and say Hi.42._ Its a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk, memorable. Honestly, if we got stuck, in the rut, of hi, hello, how are you and whats going on you will fail to give the initial Jolt to the
48、conversation that can make it so memorable. So dont be afraid, to ask more personal questions. Trust me, youll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask. 43._ When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person, have i
49、n common so that you can build the conversation, from that point. When youstart a conversation from there and then move outward, you will find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier. 44._ Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, andif you ask, for their attention, you get the response I can Multitask.So when someone tries, to communicate with you, just be in th
