1、2017 年考研英语（二）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no di
2、fferent, with academics, writers, and activists once again 【C1】_ that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 【C2】_ . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different a
3、nd not mutually exclusive 【C3】_ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 【C4】_ by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 【C5】_ , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 【C6】_ today s unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that
4、 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 【C7】_ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 【C8】_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 【C9】_ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage o
5、f well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 【C10】_ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn t 【C11】_ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 【C12】_ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of emp
6、loyment. In the 【C13】_ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 【C14】_ strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 【C15】_ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential, “ says John D
7、anaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days, because leisure time is relatively 【C16】_ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 【C17】_ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day s work, I often feel 【C18】_
8、,“ Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don t have to work, I might feel rather different“perhaps different enough to throw himself 【C19】_ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 【C20】_ matters.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.boastingB.denyingC.warningD.ensuring(2).
9、【C2】（分数：2.00）A.inequalityB.instabilityC.unreliabilityD.uncertainty(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.policyB.guidelineC.resolutionD.prediction(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.characterizedB.dividedC.balancedD.measured(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.wisdomB.meaningC.gloryD.freedom(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.InsteadB.IndeedC.ThusD.Nevertheless(7).【C7】（
10、分数：2.00）A.richB.urbanC.workingD.educated(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.explanationB.requirementC.compensationD.substitute(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.underB.beyondC.alongsideD.among(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.leave behindB.make upC.worry aboutD.set aside(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.statisticallyB.occasionallyC.necessarilyD.economically
11、(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.chancesB.downsidesC.benefitsD.principles(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.absenceB.heightC.faceD.course(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.disturbB.restoreC.excludeD.yield(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.modelB.practiceC.virtueD.hardship(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.trickyB.lengthyC.mysteriousD.scarce(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.deman
12、dsB.standardsC.qualitiesD.threats(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.ignoredB.tiredC.confusedD.starved(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.offB.againstC.behindD.into(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.technologicalB.professionalC.educationalD.interpersonal二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirectio
13、ns: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abr
14、oad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where London s Olympic “legacy“ is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was an
15、nounced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adu
16、lts doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the runup to 2012but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has ris
17、en among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation“. The success of Parkrun offers answers. Parkun is not a race but a time trial; Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out f
18、irst-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. Indeed, there is
19、 something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots“ , concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government , it should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields an
20、d the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategi
21、es, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_.（分数：2.00）A.gained great popularityB.created many jobsC.strengthened community tiesD.become an official festival(2).The author bel
22、ieves that London s Olympic “legacy“ has failed to_.（分数：2.00）A.boost population growthB.promote sport participationC.improve the city s imageD.increase sport hours in schools(3).Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_.（分数：2.00）A.aims at discovering talentsB.focuses on mass competitionC.d
23、oes not emphasize elitismD.does not attract first-timers(4).With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_.（分数：2.00）A.organize “grassroots“ sports eventsB.supervise local sports associationsC.increase funds for sports clubsD.invest in public sports facilities(5).The author s at
24、titude to what UK governments have done for sports is_.（分数：2.00）A.tolerantB.criticalC.uncertainD.sympatheticWith so much focus on children s use of screens, it s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Teck is designed to really suck on you in,“ says Jenny Radesky in her study of dig
25、ital play, “ and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. “ Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found
26、that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children
27、would be making excited bids for their attention. Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in a deviceit can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “ still face ex
28、periment“ devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her moth
29、er s attention. “Parents dont have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,“ says Radesky. On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worrie
30、s about kids use of screens are born out of an “ oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting“ with their children: “ It s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you a
31、re neglecting them. “ Tronick believes that just because a child isn t learning from the screen doesn t mean there s no value to it particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices
32、 to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which let them be more available to their child the rest of the time.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to_.（分数：2.00）A.simplify routine mattersB.absorb user attentionC.better
33、interpersonal relationsD.increase work efficiency(2).Radesky s food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices_.（分数：2.00）A.takes away babies appetiteB.distracts children s attentionC.slows down babies verbal developmentD.reduces mother-child communication(3).Radesky s cites the “still face e
34、xperiment“ to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB.verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC.children are insensitive to changes in their parents moodD.parents need to respond to children s emotional needs(4).The oppressive ideology mention
35、ed by Tronick requires parents to_,（分数：2.00）A.protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB.teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC.ensure constant interaction with their childrenD.remain concerned about kid s use of screens(5).According to Tronick, kid s use of screens may_.（分数：2.00）A.give t
36、heir parents some free timeB.make their parents more creativeC.help them with their homeworkD.help them become more attentiveToday, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely ov
37、erlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn t academic. But while this may be tru
38、e, it s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “ race to the finish line,“ whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does
39、 not hinder the success of academic pursuitsin fact, it probably enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushe
40、s them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changesall things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it eas
41、ier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders. If you re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 perc
42、ent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college cla
43、sses. It s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year
44、to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.（分数：10.00）(1).One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_.（分数：2.00）A.they think it academically misleadingB.they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC.it feels strange to do differently f
45、rom othersD.it seems worthless to take off-campus courses .(2).Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_.（分数：2.00）A.keep students from being unrealisticB.lower risks in choosing careersC.ease freshmen s financial burdensD.relieve freshmen of pressures(3).The word “acclima
46、tion“(Line 6, Para. 3)is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.adaptationB.applicationC.motivationD.competition(4).A gap year may save money for students by helping them_.（分数：2.00）A.avoid academic failuresB.establish long-term goalsC.switch to another collegeD.decide on the right major(5).The most suita
47、ble title for this text would be_.（分数：2.00）A.In Favor of the Gap YearB.The ABCs of the Gap YearC.The Gap Year Comes BackD.The Gap Year: A DilemmaThough often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,
48、 says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management. In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting firesnearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency s other worksuch as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources manag
