1、2013 年武汉大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：104.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Fill in the numbered blanks with proper words. Among the 20 expressions given, only 15 should be used. Make sure the words come in correct forms in terms of both grammar and meaning. anxious cues depend frustrate believe make i
2、ntercourse help enter comfort contact take orient rational long acquire remove ail invite aware Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most 1, it has its own symptoms and cure. Culture shock is precipitated by the 2that result
3、s from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social 3Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and
4、 when to refuse 4, when to take statements seriously and when not. These 5which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the 6we accept. All of us depend for
5、our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious 7 Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are 8He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you
6、 may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of 9and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the 10“The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad. “ When foreigners in a s
7、trange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes 11glorified. All the diffi
8、culties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical
9、 12with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of 13and a desire for 14on long-term residents of one“s own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible 15to be back home.（分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
10、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_翻译2.Paraphrase the underlined idiomatic expressions in the following sentences.(5 x2=10 points) When she left her parents, she felt the pinch .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes.（分数：2
11、.00）填空项 1:_4.People who live in glass houses should not throw stones .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.The burglar killed the house maid, then high-tailed it .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Well now. I“ll spell it out .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Paraphrase the following sentences.(5 x3 =15 points)He will price the item high, and yield
12、little in the bargaining.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.The prospects of a good catch looked bleak.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.It is a world radic
13、ally emptied of history because it is a form of perception rather than a content.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：40.00)When it comes to battles between Apple and Samsung, the conflict is often explored in terms of patents or smartphone sales. But what about their innovation styles? Management consul
14、ting firm Booz Research and development spendingB.Apple Versus Samsung; Battle of the innovation strategiesC.Innovation; Key to successD.Secret stories; Key findings from Booz water went everywhere. Two hours later we finally finished cleaning up all the water. But the water had caused a lot of dama
15、ge. My refrigerator stopped working because the water had affected the electrical wires. I called an electrician to come and fix the refrigerator. The electrician had to move the refrigerator to work on the wires. In order to move the refrigerator, she had to balance it on an angle and pull it away
16、from the wall. As the electrician was balancing it, she tripped over the plumber“s tools. She fell down and the refrigerator tipped over. It crashed into the wall, resulting in a huge hole in the wall. I called a carpenter to come and fix the wall. In order to repair the hole in the wall, the carpen
17、ter had to tear down half of the entire wall. When the wall was half gone, the electrician found more electrical problems caused by the water damage. This resulted in the other half of the wall being removed to replace the damaged wiring. Meanwhile, the plumber was still looking for the source of th
18、e drain problem. Since the kitchen was in a terrible mess anyway, the plumber decided to remove part of the floor to look at the pipe there. In the middle of the floor, he found the problem; the dirt from the carrots was stuck in the pipe and nothing could go through or past the clump of dirt. Now I
19、 had a sink that did not drain, a refrigerator that did not work, a wall that was gone, and part of a floor that was missing. I looked at this disaster and decided that what I really needed was a new kitchen. Finally, I called a house builder to come and fix my kitchen. Three weeks later I had a new
20、 sink, a new refrigerator, new cupboards on a new wall, new tiles on a new floor, and $ 10, 000 less in my bank. I have learned my lesson, I never wash carrots in the kitchen sink; I get them, clean and ready to eat, from the store.（分数：10.00）(1).How did a kilogram of carrots cost $ 10, 000?（分数：2.00）
21、A.The kitchen needed a more modern look.B.The dirt from the carrots blocked the drain which led to other problems.C.Carrots can be very expensive.D.The carrots caused water to spill everywhere.(2).Which of the following is not a reason why the carrots were washed in the sink and not in the bucket?（分
22、数：2.00）A.The bucket of water fell over.B.Dinner needed to be made soon.C.The carrots were always washed in the kitchen sink.D.The carrots were dirty because they were fresh from the garden.(3).Which of the following step was not taken to make the sink drain more quickly?（分数：2.00）A.$ 10, 000 was spen
23、t to repair the sink.B.A plumber came to repair the drain.C.$ 100 was spent on different kinds of drain cleaners.D.A new sink and drain pipe were installed.(4).What caused the most damage to the kitchen?（分数：2.00）A.The drain.B.The plumber.C.The water damage.D.The electrical problem.(5).The experience
24、 of the narrator can well be said as_.（分数：2.00）A.endocrineB.esurienceC.entropyD.ectopiaMuch of the information we have today about chimpanzees comes from the groundbreaking, long-term research of the great conservationist, Jane Goodall. Jane Goodall was born in London, England, on April 3, 1934. On
25、her second birthday, her father gave her a toy chimpanzee named Jubilee. Jubilee was named after a baby chimp in the London Zoo, and seemed to foretell the course Jane“s life would take. To this day, Jubilee sits in a chair in Jane“s London home. From an early age, Jane was fascinated by animals and
26、 animal stories. By the age of 10, she was talking about going to Africa to live among the animals there. At the time, in the early 1940s, this was a radical idea because women did not go to Africa by themselves. As a young woman, Jane finished school in London, attended secretarial school, and then
27、 worked for a documentary filmmaker for a while. When a school friend invited her to visit Kenya, she worked as a waitress until she had earned the fare to travel there by boat. She was 23 years old. Once in Kenya, she met Dr. Louis Leakey, a famous paleontologist and anthropologist. He was impresse
28、d with her thorough knowledge of Africa and its wildlife, and hired her to assist him and his wife on a fossil-hunting expedition to Olduvai Gorge. Dr. Leakey soon realized that Jane was the perfect person to complete a study he had been planning for some time. She expressed her interest in the idea
29、 of studying animals by living in the wild with them, rather than studying dead animals through paleontology. Dr. Leakey and Jane began planning a study of a group of chimpanzees who were living on the shores of Lake Tanganyika in Kenya. At first, the British authorities would not approve their plan
30、. At the time, they thought it was too dangerous for a woman to live in the wilds of Africa alone. But Jane“s mother, Vanne, agreed to join her so that she would not be alone. Finally, the authorities gave Jane the clearance she needed in order to go to Africa and begin her study. In July of 1960, J
31、ane and her mother arrived at Gombe National Park in what was then called Tanganyika and is now called Tanzania. Jane faced many challenges as she began her work. The chimpanzees did not accept her right away, and it took months for them to get used to her presence in their territory. But she was ve
32、ry patient and remained focused on her goal. Little by little, she was able to enter their world. At first, she was able to watch the chimpanzees only from a great distance, using binoculars. As time passed, she was able to move her observation point closer to them while still using camouflage. Even
33、tually, she was able to sit among them, touching, patting, and even feeding them. It was an amazing accomplishment for Jane, and a breakthrough in the study of animals in the wild. Jane named all of the chimpanzees that she studied, stating in her journals that she felt they each had a unique person
34、ality. One of the first significant observations that Jane made during the study was that chimpanzees make and use tools, much like humans do, to help them get food. It was previously thought that humans alone used tools. Also thanks to Jane“s research, we now know that chimps eat meat as well as pl
35、ants and fruits. In many ways, she has helped us to see how chimpanzees and humans are similar. In doing so, she has made us more sympathetic toward these creatures, while helping us to better understand ourselves. The study started by Jane Goodall in 1960 is now the longest field study of any anima
36、l species in their natural habitat. Research continues to this day in Gombe and is conducted by a team of trained Tanzanians. Jane“s life has included much more than just her study of the chimps in Tanzania. She pursued a graduate degree while still conducting her study, receiving her Ph. D. from Ca
37、mbridge University in 1965. In 1984, she received the J. Paul Getty Wildlife Conservation Prize for “helping millions of people understand the importance of wildlife conservation to life on this planet. “ She has been married twice; first to a photographer and then to the director of National Parks.
38、 She has one son. Dr. Jane Goodall is now the world“s most renowned authority on chimpanzees, having studied their behavior for nearly 40 years. She has published many scientific articles, has written two books, and has won numerous awards for her groundbreaking work. The Jane Goodall Institute for
39、Wildlife Research, Education, and Conservation was founded in 1977 in California but moved to the Washington, D. C. , area in 1998. Its goal is to take the actions necessary to improve the environment for all living things. Dr. Goodall now travels extensively, giving lectures, visiting zoos and chim
40、p sanctuaries, and talking to young people involved in environmental education. She is truly a great conservationist and an amazing human being.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the author“s purpose in writing this article?（分数：2.00）A.To entertain the reader with stories about chimpanzees.B.To inform the reader
41、of the importance of wildlife conservation.C.To warn the reader about the challenges of working in Africa.D.To describe the work and life of Jane Goodall.(2).Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons Dr. Leakey chose Jane to work with him?（分数：2.00）A.She knew a lot about Africa.B.She knew a lo
42、t about African wildlife.C.She earned the money to travel to Africa on her own.D.She was interested in studying animals in the wild.(3).Which of die following is NOT true of chimpanzees?（分数：2.00）A.Chimpanzees use tools to help them get food.B.Chimpanzees eat meat as well as plants and fruit.C.Chimpa
43、nzees are often comfortable with strangers right away.D.Different chimpanzees have different personalities.(4).What does the author think of Jane Goodall?（分数：2.00）A.She is an intelligent person.B.She is the one who loves studying animals.C.She is a devoted scientist.D.She is an expert on chimpanzees
44、.(5).What is the main idea of this article?（分数：2.00）A.Chimpanzees are amazing creatures with unique personalities.B.Humans are vary similar to chimpanzees and can learn a great deal by studying them.C.Africa is full of wildlife that must be both preserved and studied.D.Jane Goodall has taught us a g
45、reat deal about animal behavior and wildlife conservation.四、汉译英(总题数：5，分数：10.00)12.Translate the following sentences into English.(5 x3 =15 points)在山的那边是一望无际的大草原。（分数：2.00）_13.他们的生活方式可以追溯到一千多年前他们的祖先所开创的古老传统。（分数：2.00）_14.一些小报极力迎合一部分读者的低级趣味以便赚钱。（分数：2.00）_15.随着时间向前推移，医学科学中的一些尖端领域不断被攻克。（分数：2.00）_16.这些移民第二
46、代仍感到处于主流文化的边缘，无论是在白人社会还是华人社会中他们都找不到恰当的位置。（分数：2.00）_五、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：2.00)17.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.(20 points) Most investigation in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased, and how he
47、can be made to work with less friction; psychology has lent its services to “ human engineering, “ an attempt to treat the worker and employer like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. While Taylor was primarily concerned with a better organization of the technical use of the worker“s physical powers, most ind
