1、2012年南开大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form if necessary. Each word can be used only once. （分数：40.00）(1).Her parents left her nothing but a 1old farmhouse.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Police are keeping the area under
2、constant 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The administration is still 1over the Health Care issue.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4). 1sometimes occurs in politics.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).A man was 1around outside the shop.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Lucy had always 1after a place of her own.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).Nothing could 1the indign
3、ity of being publicly criticized.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).We 1all products tested on animals.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Scientists are hoping to find 1evidence to confirm their theories.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).What he enjoys most in life is delicious food, and he is regarded as a 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(11).When colors
4、 are 1, they become affected in hue.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(12).The old man was 1passers-by for money.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(13).His ambition was 1when he won the first prize.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(14).The love of poetry was 1in him by her teaching.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(15).You need 1 to be a long-distance runner.（分数：2.00）
5、填空项 1:_(16).The money was given to us by deed of 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(17).The House Judiciary Committee voted that the President should be 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(18).They 1their pocket-money away on sweets.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(19).Students should know the 1of our country, including the system of rivers, mount
6、ains, etc.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(20).A dealer came to 1the furniture.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、完形填空(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Culture is activity of thought and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling. 【C1】_of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless 【C2】_on God“s earth. What
7、 we should aim at producing is men who possess both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start【C3】_, and their culture will lead them as deep as philosophy and as high as 【C4】_. We have to remember that the valuable intellectual
8、development is self-development, and that it【C5】_takes place between that ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve. In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must beware of what I will call “inert ideas“tha
9、t is to say, ideas that are merely【C6】_into the mind without being utilized, or tested , or thrown into fresh combinations. In the history of education, the most【C7】_phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a succeeding generation exhibit merel
10、y pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas. Except at【C8】_intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically【C9】_with inert ideas. That is the reason why uneducated clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so mu
11、ch the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible burden of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity【C10】_greatness has been a passionate protest against inert ideas.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.ChipsB.ScrapsC.FractionsD.Plates(2).【
12、C2】（分数：2.00）A.boreB.ironyC.snobD.gut(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.withB.fromC.intoD.beyond(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.zoomB.artC.rapD.poll(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.mostlyB.randomlyC.seldomD.regularly(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.containedB.receivedC.squeezedD.embedded(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.integralB.classicalC.obscureD.striking(8).【C8】（分数：2
13、.00）A.rareB.minorC.scarceD.regular(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.infectedB.influencedC.instructedD.endowed(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.offB.onC.intoD.with三、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：40.00)The computer industry must overcome a variety of economic, technical, and organizational challenges before green design can become commonplace.
14、For example, Compaq“s Rosenberg said, his company has learned that green engineering is a management issue, as well as a technical issue, and that environmental goals must be supported by a company“s entire culture to be effective. Often, he said, that isn“t the case, but market conditions may force
15、 many companies to change. Meanwhile, manufacturers will have to spend time and money to retrain designers, engineers, and assembly workers to perform environmentally friendly computer design and manufacturing. However, the impact might be mitigated somewhat because computer companies generally prov
16、ide employees with regular retraining anyway to keep up with other new design and manufacturing practices. Since some production processes would have to change to accommodate environmentally friendly computer design, manufacturers who are not already building new plants would have to spend time and
17、money retooling their existing facilities. However, companies could recover their expenses in a few years from reduced expenditures on materials, energy and waste disposal, said Amory Lovins, founder and director of the Rocky Mountain Institute, an environmental think tank. One of the most promising
18、 “green“ techniques, demanufacturing, currently faces a variety of problems that make it impractical on a large scale in many cases. For example, the cost of labor required to disassemble, sort, and transport recovered components can exceed the price of simple purchasing new components. Researchers
19、are looking for ways to overcome this problem. Finally, to address environmental concerns effectively, manufacturers will need new design processes. Several companies have begun unveiling the type of software tools that could meet this need. For example, EcoBoardjointly developed by Mentor Graphics
20、and Science Applications Internationallets designers of printed circuit boards address cost, performance, and environmental requirements when deciding which materials, parts, and processes to use. In addition, Apple Computer is developing a database management tool, the Apple Product Environmental S
21、pecification, which helps its staff design, buy, and manage products based on the company“s environmental policies. Dataquest“s Reynolds doesn“t see strong demand for environmentally friendly computers from individual or business consumers yet. He said the biggest demand at first will be from manufa
22、cturers who decide that green design will provide them with economic, marketing, or regulatory advantages. He expected that green design will gradually and quietly become common over the next five years. The Giga Information Group“s Enderle said, “ As the customers who specify green PCs become a lar
23、ger market segment, companies that don“t make them will find themselves at a growing strategic disadvantage. “ Therefore, he predicted, environmentally friendly computer design will “permeate the industry over the next two years. “（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred in the text that “demanufacturing“ i
24、ncludes_.（分数：2.00）A.disassembling recovered componentsB.sorting recovered componentsC.transporting recovered componentsD.all of the above(2).According to Amory Lovins, the benefit for manufacturers from the changes in some production process is_.（分数：2.00）A.reducing expenditure on material, energy an
25、d waste disposal in a few yearsB.accommodating environmentally friendly computer designC.spending money retooling their existing facilitiesD.not to build new plants(3).The word “ them“ in the sentence “ As the customers who specify green PCs become a larger market segment, companies that don“t make
26、them will find themselves at a growing strategic disadvantage“ refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.green PCsB.companiesC.market segmentsD.customers(4).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Manufacturers will invest in changing some production processes.B.Manufacturers will need environmentally friendly co
27、mputers badly.C.Environmentally friendly computers will go into different parts of the industry.D.Some manufacturers hesitate to invest in green design because their expenditure on material will be increased.(5).The text can be titled_.（分数：2.00）A.Environmental ProductionB.Benefit from Green DesignC.
28、Obstacles to Green DesignD.Production Process with Green DesignEditors of the world“s leading scientific journals announced Saturday they would delete details from published studies that might help terrorists make biological weapons. The editors, joined by several prominent scientists, said they wou
29、ld not censor scientific data or adopt a top-secret classification system similar to that used by the military and government intelligence agencies. But they said scientists working in the post-Sept. 11 world must face the dismaying paradox that many of their impressive breakthroughs can be used for
30、 sinister purposes. The new editing methods will be voluntary and will differ among the 32 publications and scientific associations that agreed to the effort. Those include the journals Science, Nature, Proceedings of the National Academies of Science, The New England Journal of Medicine and The Lan
31、cet. Most major advancementsfrom decoding the human genome to the cloning of Dolly the sheepare revealed to the world through those journals. The new policy emerged from a Jan. 9 meeting at the National Academy of Sciences where researchers and journal editors reviewed potentially sensitive studies.
32、 They unveiled their agreement at the national meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Proponents acknowledged they are walking a “ very fine line“ in trying to protect the public without chilling research. Few, if any, of the thousands of research papers reviewed annuall
33、y for publication would be rejected outright, they said. Papers would still contain sufficient details to allow other scientists to independently duplicate experimentsa vital step in validation discoveries. “ We do live in different times now, “ said Ronald Atlas, president of the American Society o
34、f Microbiology and a leader of the biosecurity review movement. “The information we possess has the potential for misuse. We will take the appropriate steps to protect the public. “ Indeed, it has never been easier to tweak a microbe“s genes to create a deadlier, drug-resistant superbug for a germ b
35、omb or hijack aerosol technology meant for convenient spray vaccines to make anthrax spores float through the air. Journal editors said they were establishing their own expert panels to review papers that contain alarming information, and would work with the authors to make specific changes and “ton
36、e them down. “ Most journals rarely face such questions. Atlas said journals published by the microbiology association found only two research papers in that past year that raised eyebrows, and both were published after the authors agreed to changes. One of the excised details demonstrated how a mic
37、robe could be modified so it could kill 1 million people instead of 10, 000. “It was something that was best not told, “ Atlas said. He declined to identify the microbe.（分数：10.00）(1).Science journals editors decide to revise some research papers before publication because_.（分数：2.00）A.some achievemen
38、ts in science can be used for ill purposesB.these papers are not qualifiedC.there are some unacceptable beliefs in these papersD.they are required to do so by the public(2).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned?（分数：2.00）A.Many publications and scientific associations will
39、 take new measures in editing.B.It is not easy to both protect the public and encourage scientific research.C.Journal editors are trying to prevent the information in research papers from being misused.D.Most research papers have to be changed and reduce the potential dangers, especially before publ
40、ication.(3).It can be inferred that journal editors are trying to_.（分数：2.00）A.publish advancements in biologyB.protect the information in scientific publicationsC.alarm their readersD.warn readers of the danger of biological weapons(4).The phrase “raised eyebrows“ in Paragraph 5 most probably means_
41、.（分数：2.00）A.caused worriesB.caused annoyanceC.caused surpriseD.caused disappointment(5).The major concern of this text is_.（分数：2.00）A.Science Journals to Withhold Bio-terror DataB.Advancements in Biological ResearchC.Threats from Biological WeaponsD.Editing Methods of World-leading JournalsWhen succ
42、essful corporate executives are asked how they got where they are, a common answer is, “I was luckyI was in the right place at the right time“ or, “I was working with someone who took me under his wing. “ No question, luck always plays a role. But “ fortune favors the prepared mind. “ Corporate clim
43、bers most likely to succeed make the best use of their brains and personality. For most of the 20th century, intelligence meant IQ, measured by tests that focused on memory, logic, and analysis. However, the work of some psychologists describes other kinds of intelligence. Goleman popularized the co
44、ncept of emotional intelligence as having to do with self-control, self understanding and empathy. Sternberg contrasted analytic intelligence with practical intelligence or street smarts and creative intelligence which includes imagination and aesthetic sensibility. Analytic intelligencethe kind tha
45、t gets you high scores on the SAT or graduate record exam used to be the major ticket to higher education and the academic credentials essential to getting hired and moving up in a company. Of course, street smarts were always useful for knowing who to trust and whom to follow. But as companies put
46、a higher value on teamwork and customer relationships, interpersonal skills and emotional intelligence become more important. As the market demands continual innovation, creative intelligenceimagination and design capabilitymakes a difference. Besides, you need to have the brains that make you an ef
47、fective leader: strategic intelligence. Strategic intelligence combines aspects of analytic, practical and creative intelligence. It includes the ability to see future trends, the ability of systems thinking, to view parts in relation to the whole, focusing on how parts interact and evaluating them
48、in relation to how well they serve the system“s purpose, the ability to design an organization as a social system, and the ability to motivate people to power that organization. Strategic intelligence, especially systems thinking, is in much shorter supply than the other kinds of intelligence. Good leadership today requires all of these intellectual capabilities. But it is one thing to know what“s right, it“s another to take risks or do what is right even
