1、2011年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：206.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）_A.The man is busy.B.The man has trouble breathing.C.The man is out of town on business.D.The man is hiding himself the woman.A.He has a terrible backache.B.He has a bad headache.C.He has a toothache.D.He has a diarrhea.A.It is fast.B.It
2、 is slow.C.It works well.D.It is not working.A.Four days.B.Ten days.C.One week.D.Two weeds.A.He is a lawyer.B.He is a doctor.C.He is a travel agent.D.He is an immigration officer.A.Sunday.B.Tuesday.C.Thursday.D.Saturday.A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.A.To X-ray his chest.B.To hospitalize him.C.To perfo
3、rm a minor surgery.D.To transfer their guests.A.To go shopping.B.To go back to work.C.To change their topic.D.To entertain their guests.A.The man is working too hard.B.The man needs to think it over.C.The man is supposed to find a job.D.The man has made a right decision.A.Discussing a case.B.Defying
4、 a diagnosis.C.Performing a surgery.D.Talking with the patient.A.The woman“s classmate.B.The woman“s boyfriend.C.The woman“s brother.D.The woman“s teacher.A.The man is a liar.B.The man is jealous of Lisa.C.She does not agree with the man on that.D.She will surely do the same as Lisa dose.A.250 Yuan.
5、B.450 Yuan.C.650 Yuan.D.850 Yuan.A.She disagrees with the man there.B.She is going to change her mind.C.It is out of the question to do that.D.It is possible to forgive him.2.Section B（分数：10.00）_A.Liver failure.B.Breast cancer.C.Kidney failure.D.Diabetes out of control.A.Shape.B.Color.C.Price.D.Size
6、.A.It is much smaller than a microwave.B.It leaves much room for reduction.C.It is widely used in the clinic.D.It is perfect.A.It is under a clinical trial.B.It is available in the market.C.It is widely used in the clinic.D.It is in the experimental stage.A.The commercial companies have invested a l
7、ot in the new machine.B.The further development of the machine is in financial trouble.C.The federal government finances the research.D.The machine will come into being in no time.A.Suicide.B.Obesity.C.Turmoil.D.Drug abuse.A.Preventable.B.Destructive.C.Treatable.D.Curable.A.Combining antidepressants
8、 and talk therapy.B.Promoting the transmission between neurons.C.Winning parental assistance and support.D.Administering effective antidepressants.A.Because it adds to the effect of treatment.B.Because it works better than the medications.C.Because it can take the place of antidepressants.D.Because
9、it helps reduce the use of antidepressants.A.65percent.B.75 percent.C.85 percent.D.95 percent.A.Helplessness and worthlessness.B.Feeling like a loser.C.Suicidal feeling.D.All of the above.A.It encourages the patient to be a top student at school.B.It motivates the patient to work better than others.
10、C.It makes it easy for the patient to make friends.D.It helps the patient hold a positive attitude.A.By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at school.B.By urging the patient to face any challenge in reality.C.By making the patient aware of his or her existence.D.By changing the patient“s pers
11、pective.A.Those who stop taking antidepressants.B.Those who ask for more medications.C.Those who are on the medications.D.Those who abuse the medications.A.Anxiousness.B.Nausea.C.Fever.D.Insomnia.3.Section A（分数：2.00）_4.There are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the_of their behavior as m
12、edical professionals.（分数：2.00）A.transactionB.transformationC.transmissionD.transparency5.He seemed most_to my idea which was exceptionally creative.（分数：2.00）A.alienB.ambulantC.amiableD.amenable6.The first attempts at gene therapy have mostly_, but technique will surely be made to work eventually.（分数
13、：2.00）A.stumbledB.stammeredC.striddenD.strutted7.She is admitted to the hospital with complaints of upper abdominal pain and_for fatty foods.（分数：2.00）A.preferenceB.persistenceC.intoleranceD.appetence8.By sheer_, I met the old classmate we had been discussing yesterday.（分数：2.00）A.coincidenceB.coheren
14、ceC.collaborationD.collocation9.As the drugs began to_, the pain began to take hold again.（分数：2.00）A.wearB.put offC.call offD.show off10.The environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the_medical technologies.（分数：2.00）A.approachingB.impracticableC.sophisticatedD.transient11.At l
15、ast she_some reasons for his strange behavior.（分数：2.00）A.abolishedB.admonishedC.abstainedD.adduced12.Doctore are concerned with health of people from_to the grave.（分数：2.00）A.conceptionB.receptionC.deceptionD.perception13.In more_examinations, the blood is tested in a multichannel analyzer machine fo
16、r abnormities.（分数：2.00）A.conciseB.deviousC.elaborateD.feasible14.Section B（分数：2.00）_15.She fell awkwardly and broke her leg.（分数：2.00）A.embarrassinglyB.reluctantlyC.clumsilyD.dizzily16.Throughout most of the recorded history, medicine was anything but scientific.（分数：2.00）A.more or lessB.by and largeC
17、.more often than notD.by no means17.The students were captivated by the way the physician presented the case.（分数：2.00）A.illuminatedB.fascinatedC.alienatedD.hallucinated18.We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data, a product or a financial reward.（分数：2.00）A.intell
18、igibleB.infinitiveC.substantialD.deficient19.But diets that restrict certain food groups or promise unrealistic results are difficultor unhealthyto sustain over time.（分数：2.00）A.maintainB.reserveC.conceiveD.empower20.The molecular influence pervades all the traditional disciplines underlying clinical
19、 medicine.（分数：2.00）A.specialtiesB.principlesC.rationalesD.doctrines21.One usually becomes aware of the onset of puberty through somatic manifestations.（分数：2.00）A.juvenileB.potentC.physicalD.matured22.His surgical procedure should succeed, for it seems quite feasible .（分数：2.00）A.rationalB.reciprocalC
20、.versatileD.viable23.These are intensely important questions about quality and the benefits of special care and experience.（分数：2.00）A.irresistiblyB.vitallyC.potentiallyD.intriguingly24.This guide gives you information on the best self-care strategies and the latest medical advances.（分数：2.00）A.tendsB
21、.techniquesC.notionsD.breakthroughs五、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Whenever people go and live in another country they have new experiences and new feelings. They experience culture shock. Many people have a(n) 【C1】_about culture shock they think that it“s just a feeling of sadness and homesickness when
22、 a person is in a new country. But this isn“t really true. Culture shock is a completely natural【C2】_. and everybody goes【C3】_it in a new culture. There are four stages, or steps, in culture shock. When people first arrive in a new country they“re usually excited and【C4】_Everything is interesting. T
23、hey notice that a lot of things are【C5】_their own culture and this surprises them and makes them happy. This is Stage One In Stage Two people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture. They become confused It seems difficult to do even very simple things. They feel【C6】_They spen
24、d a lot of time【C7】_or with other people from their own country. They think “My problems are all because I“m living in this country“ Then in Stage Three they begin to understand the new culture better They begin to like some new customs. They【C8】_some people in the new country. They“re【C9】_comfortab
25、le and relaxed. In Stage Four they feel very comfortable. They have good friends in the new culture. They understand the new customs. Some customs are similar to their culture and some are different but that“s OK. They can【C10】_it.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.accountB.reflectionC.verificationD.misco
26、nception(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.transitionB.exchangeC.immigrationD.selection(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.forB.throughC.afterD.about(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.frightenedB.confusedC.uneasyD.happy(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.representative ofB.different fromC.peculiar toD.similar to(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.intoxicatedB.depressedC.amazedD.th
27、rilled(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.lonelyB.aloneC.loneD.only(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.make friends withB.make transactions withC.hold hostility toD.shut the door to(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.hardlyB.moreC.veryD.less(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.live withB.do withoutC.hold up withD.make a success of六、Part Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.0
28、0)Patients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they don“t wake up, concludes a new study. Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of thoughts that happened while they were being operated on. But
29、failure by other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the course of operations. Gitta Lubke, Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesth
30、esia using bispectral analysis, a technique which measures changes in brainwave pattern in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery. “Before this study researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation,“ says Lubke. Lubke studied 96 trauma patients undergoing emergency s
31、urgery. Many of whom were too seriously injured to tolerance full anesthesia. During surgery each patient wore headphones through which a series of 16 words was repeated for 3 minutes each. At the same time bisecteal analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia. After the operation Lubke tested the pat
32、ients by showing them the first three letters of a word such as “limit“, and asking them to complete. Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery “limit“, for example chose that word an average of 11 per cent more often than patients who had been played a different
33、word list. None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word lists. Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized. But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played. This findin
34、g which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet. “What they say during surgery may distress patient afterwards,“ says Philip Merikle, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, Ontario.（分数：10.00）(1).Scientists have found that
35、 deep anesthesia_.（分数：2.00）A.is likely to affect hearingB.cannot block surgeons“wordsC.can cause serious damages to memoryD.helps retain conscious or subconscious memories(2).By the new study the technique of bispectral analysis helps the scientists_.（分数：2.00）A.acquire an average measurement of brai
36、nwave changes over the whole surgeryB.decide whether the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memoriesC.relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgeryD.assure the depth of anesthesia during surgery(3).To test the patients the scientists_.（分数：2.00）A.prepared tw
37、o lists of wordsB.used ninety-six headphones for listeningC.conducted the whole experiment for three minutesD.voiced only the first three letters of sixteen words during surgery(4).The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients_.（分数：2.00）A.to regain consciousness under
38、 the knifeB.to tell one word from another after surgeryC.to recall what had been heard during surgeryD.to overreact to deep anesthesia in the course of operations(5).What we can infer from the finding_.（分数：2.00）A.how surgeon malpractice can be preventedB.why a surgeon cannot be too carefulC.why srge
39、ons should hold their tongues during surgeryD.how the postoperative patients can retain subconscious memoriesScientists used to believe adult brains did not grow any new neurons, but it has emerged that new neurons can sprout in the brains of adult rats, birds and even humans. Understanding the proc
40、ess could be important, for finding ways to treat diseases such as Alzheimer“s in which neurons are destroyed. Most neurons sprouting in adulthood seem to be in the hippocampus, a structure involved in learning and memory. But they rarely survive more than a few weeks. “We thought they were possibly
41、 dying because they were deprived of some sort of input,“ says Elizabeth Gould, a neuroscientist at Princeton. Because of the location, Gould and her colleagues suspect that learning itself might bolster the new neurons“ survival, and that only tasks involving the hippocampus would do the trick. To
42、test this, they injected adult male rats with a substance that labeled newborn neurons so that they could be tracked. Later, they gave some of the rats standard tasks. One involved using visual and spatial cues, such as posters on a well, to learn to find a platform hidden under murky water. In anot
43、her, the rats learnt to associate a noise with a tiny shock half a second later. Both these tasks use the hippocampus if this structure is damaged, rats can“t do them. Meanwhile, the researchers gave other rats similar tasks that did not require the hippocampus finding a platform that was easily vis
44、ible in water, for instance. Other members of the control group simply paddled in a tub of water or listened to noises. The team reported in Nature Neuroscience that the animals given the tasks that activate the hippocampus kept twice as many of their new neurons alive as the others. “Learning oppor
45、tunities increase the number of neurons,“ says Gould. But Fred Gage and his colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, dispute this. In the same issue of Nature Neuroscience, they reported that similar water maze experiments on mice did not help new neurons surv
46、ive. Gould thinks the difference arose because the groups labeled new neurons at different times. She gave the animals tasks two weeks after the neurons were labeled. When the new cells would normally be dying, she thinks the Salk group put their mice to work too early for new neurons to benefit. “B
47、y the time the cells were degenerating, the animals were not learning anything.“ she says.（分数：10.00）(1).Not until recently did scientists find out that _.（分数：2.00）A.new neurons could grow in adult brainsB.neurons could be man-made in the laboratoryC.neurons were destroyed in Alzheimer“s diseaseD.hum
48、ans could produce new neurons as animals(2).Gould“s notion was that the short-lived neurons _.（分数：2.00）A.did survive longer than expectedB.would die much sooner than expected couldC.could actually better learning and memoryD.could be kept alive by stimulating the hippocampus(3).Which of the following can clearly tell the two groups of rats from each other in the test?（分数：2.00）A.The water used.B.The
