1、2011年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：78.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：40.00)For an infant just beginning to interact with the surrounding world, it is imperative that he quickly become proficient in his native language. While developing a vocabulary and the ability to communicate using it are obviously i
2、mportant steps in this process, an infant must first be able to learn from the various streams of audible communication around him. To that end, during the course of even the first few months of development, an infant will begin to absorb the rhythmic patterns and sequences of sounds that characteri
3、ze his language, and will begin to differentiate between the meanings of various pitch and stress changes. However, it is important to recognize that such learning does not take place in a vacuum. Infants must confront these language acquisition challenges in an environment where, quite frequently,
4、several streams of communication or noise are occurring simultaneously. In other words, infants must not only learn how to segment individual speech streams into their component words, but they must also be able to distinguish between concurrent streams of sound. Consider, for example, an infant bei
5、ng spoken to by his mother. Before he can leam from the slight differences of his mother“s speech, he must first separate that speech from the sounds of the dishwasher, the family dog, the bus stopping on the street outside, and, quite possibly, background noise in the form of speech; a newscaster o
6、n the television down the hall or siblings playing in an adjacent room. How exactly do infants wade through such a murky conglomeration of audible stimuli? While most infants are capable of separating out two different voices despite the presence of additional, competing streams of sound, this capab
7、ility is predicated upon several specific conditions. First, infants are better able to learn from a particular speech stream when that voice is louder than any of. the competing streams of background speech; when two voices are of equal amplitude, infants typically demonstrate little preference tow
8、ards one stream or the other. Most likely, equally loud competing voice streams, for the infant, become combined into a single stream that necessarily contains unfamiliar patterns and sounds that can quite easily induce confusion. Secondly, an infant is more likely to attend to a particular voice st
9、ream if it is perceived as more familiar than another stream. When an infant, for example, is presented with a voice stream spoken by his mother and a background stream delivered by an unfamiliar voice, usually he can easily separate out her voice from the distraction of the background stream. By us
10、ing these simple yet important cues an infant can become quite adept at concentrating on a single stream of communication and, therefore, capable of more quickly learning the invaluable characteristics and rules of his native language.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following best conveys the main idea o
11、f Paragraph 1 ?（分数：2.00）A.Infants are fully aware of their environments.B.Infants have natural talent to develop vocabulary.C.Infants are able to take in information from the environment.D.Infants like rhythmic patterns and sequences of sounds.(2).The phrase “predicated upon several specific conditi
12、ons“(Para. 4)is used by the author to suggest that_.（分数：2.00）A.most infants have trouble separating out simultaneous streams of speechB.infants can only learn when they are comfortable in their surroundingsC.only in rare instances do these required conditions occurD.infants are not always able to le
13、arn from their surrounding environment(3).The author uses the word “necessarily“(Line 4 of Para. 5)in order to suggest that_.（分数：2.00）A.an individual stream understandably changes character when mixed with anotherB.even adults can have trouble distinguishing between streams of equal volumeC.infants
14、always combine separate streams into a single soundD.it is inevitable that two streams of speech are more confusing than one(4).Before an infant can learn from the slight differences of his mother“s speech, he must first_.（分数：2.00）A.understand his father“s communication streamB.be able to distinguis
15、h between his mother“s voice from that of the background noiseC.absorb the sounds of dishwasher and petsD.learn something about his language from the television voice(5).The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate how_.（分数：2.00）A.an infant who spends little time with his parents would pr
16、obably have trouble with language acquisitionB.an infant in constant vocal interaction with his parents could experience accelerated language acquisitionC.the complexity of an infant“s native language is not a factor in determining whether that language will be easily acquiredD.infants with particul
17、arly attentive parents are more likely to acquire language skills more quicklyWhen I accepted a volunteer position as a social worker at a domestic violence shelter in a developing nation, I imagined the position for which my university experience had prepared me. I envisioned conducting intake inte
18、rviews and traipsing around from organization to organization seeking the legal, psychological, and financial support that the women would need to rebuild their lives. When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, experience garnered in the hypothetical situations I had invented a
19、nd subsequently resolved single-handedly and seamlessly. I felt thoroughly prepared to tackle head-on the situation I assumed was waiting for me. I arrived full of zeal, knocking at the shelter“s door. Within moments, my reality made a sharp break from that which I had anticipated. The coordinator e
20、xplained that the shelter“s need for financial self-sufficiency had become obvious and acute. To address this, the center was planning to open a bakery. I immediately enthused about the project, making many references to the small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In respon
21、se to my impassioned reply, the coordinator declared me in charge of the bakery and left in order to “ get out of my way. “ At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run for political office. The bigger problem, however, was that I was completely unfamiliar with the for-profit busi
22、ness models necessary to run the bakery. I was out of my depth in a foreign river with only my coordinator“s confidence to keep me afloat. They say that necessity is the mother of invention. I soon found that it is also the mother of initiative. I began finding recipes and appropriating the expertis
23、e of friends. With their help making bread, balancing books, printing pamphlets and making contacts, the bakery was soon running smoothly and successfully. After a short time it became a significant source of income for the house. In addition to funds, baking bread provided a natural environment in
24、which to work with and get to know the women of the shelter. Kneading dough side by side, I shared in the camaraderie of the kitchen, treated to stories about their children and the towns and jobs they had had to leave behind to ensure their safety. Baking helped me develop strong relationships with
25、 the women and advanced my understanding of their situations. It also improved the women“s self-esteem. Their ability to master a new skill gave them confidence in themselves, and the fact that the bakery contributed to the upkeep of the house gave the women, many of them newly single, a sense of pr
26、ide and the conviction that they had the capability to support themselves. Baking gave me the opportunity to work in a capacity I had not at all anticipated, but one that proved very successful. I became a more sensitive and skillful social worker, capable of making a mean seven-grain loaf. Learning
27、 to bake gave me as much newfound self-confidence as it gave the women, and I found that sometimes quality social work can be as simple as kneading dough.（分数：14.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to show how the author_.（分数：2.00）A.was shocked by the discrepancy between her earlier ideas ab
28、out her work and the reality she facedB.discovered a talent her overly-focused mind had never allowed her to exploreC.broadened how she defined the scope of her workD.developed her abilities to orchestrate a for-profit business enterprise(2).In Line 5 of Para. 1 “garnered“ most nearly means_.（分数：2.0
29、0）A.exchangedB.collectedC.requiredD.enriched(3).The statement that the author arrived “full of zeal“(Line 1 of Para. 2)indicates that she was_.（分数：2.00）A.anxious and insecureB.eager and interestedC.confident but uninformedD.cheerful but exhausted(4).The author was initially enthusiastic about the id
30、ea of the bakery because she_.（分数：2.00）A.considered it from a theoretical point of viewB.hoped to obtain a leadership position in the bakeryC.wanted to demonstrate her baking knowledge to her new coordinatorD.believed it would be a good way to build the women“s self-esteem(5).The comparison in Lines
31、 6 -7 of Para. 2(“At that moment.political office“)demonstrates the author“s belief that_.（分数：2.00）A.it was unfair of the coordinator to ask the author to run the bakeryB.social workers should not be involved in either baking or politicsC.she was unqualified for a job baking breadD.similar skills we
32、re involved in both baking and politics(6).Lines 7 -8 of Para. 2(“The bigger.bakery“)suggest that the author believed that_.（分数：2.00）A.learning the necessary business practices would be a more daunting challenge than learning to bake breadB.good business practices are more important to running a suc
33、cessful bakery than is the quality of the breadC.her coordinator“s confidence in for-profit business models was misplacedD.for-profit business models are significantly more complex than the non-profit models with which she was familiar(7).The last sentence(“Learning.dough“)indicates that the author_
34、.（分数：2.00）A.lacked self-confidence just as much as the women with whom she workedB.found that performing social work is surprisingly easy with no educationC.underestimated her own ability to learn new skillsD.derived a benefit from her work while helping othersThough he would one day be considered a
35、n innovator and founding father of the artistic movement known as Impressionism, Claude Monet(1840-1926)began his career as a fairly traditional representational artist. His painting gradually changed, however, as he became interested in light and how it affects perceptionan interest that led him to
36、 attempt to paint light itself rather than the objects off of which light reflected. Monet also rejected the tradition of painting in a dedicated studio, and left the confines of his dusty room to paint outside. Many of his friends and fellow artists, including Pisarro, Renoir and Cezanne, were also
37、 interested in working alfresco and joined him in painting outdoors. This group, the core of the movement that would later be classified as Impressionism, made it a common practice to paint the same scene many times in a day to explore the changes in the light, using small patches of color rather th
38、an the large brush strokes and blended color that had characterized artistic technique until that time. The Impressionists were thus attempting to evoke a mood rather than document a specific scene or event, as had been the aim of earlier painters. This move away from representation was also effecte
39、d by a technological development, as photography became more affordable and popular. Before the development of photography, painting was the primary means of documenting the marriages, births, and business successes of the wealthy. Photographers soon took over much of this role because photographs w
40、ere faster, more accurate, and less expensive than paintings. This freed the Impressionists to find new roles for their medium and encouraged the public to think about painting in a new way. It was no longer just a means of recording significant events; it now reflected an artist“s unique vision of
41、a scene or moment. Today, Impressionism enjoys a privileged position with many art historians and critics, although this was certainly not always the case. As the movement was developing, most critics were at best uninterested and often appalled by the work. Even the name of the movement was origina
42、lly a derisive critique. A critic who, like most of his colleagues, prized realism in paintings, declared the movement “Impressionism“ after the name of the painting Impression: A Sunrise, by Monet. The critic considered the Impressionists“ works unfinishedonly an impression, rather than a complete
43、painting. It is safe to say that such a critic would be in the minority today, however. Impressionist paintings are now some of the most prized works in the art world. Museums and individuals pay huge sums to add these works to their collections, and the reproductions of the artworks are among the m
44、ost popular fine art posters sold.（分数：16.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to_.（分数：2.00）A.condemn the critics who prevented the Impressionists from exhibiting their workB.contrast Monet“s work with that of Pisarro, Renoir, and CezanneC.describe the primary characteristics of Monet“s paint
45、ingsD.explain the origins of Impressionism and Monet“s role in the movement(2).According to the passage, the Impressionists did all of the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.paint the same scene at different times of the dayB.paint the light reflected by objectsC.receive acclaim from their contemporariesD
46、.reconsider the role of painting in society(3).In Line 10 of Para. 1, the author most likely mentions “patches of color“ to describe_.（分数：2.00）A.the light that the Impressionists encountered when they worked outdoorsB.a shortcoming of traditional paintingsC.a distinguishing characteristic of modern
47、paintersD.an innovative technique used by Impressionist painters(4).The discussion of photography(Para. 2)serves as_.（分数：2.00）A.a description of an innovation that affected the development of ImpressionismB.the most important context in which to understand ImpressionismC.a demonstration of its simil
48、arities to paintingD.a demonstration of the public“s dislike of Impressionism(5).The author of the passage would most likely describe the medium of photography as_.（分数：2.00）A.expensiveB.preciseC.falseD.inconsistent(6).In Para. 3 “a derisive critique“ most nearly means that the criticism was made in
49、a(n)_way.（分数：2.00）A.carelessB.constructiveC.exaggeratingD.mocking(7).The “critic“ mentioned in Line 5 of Para. 3 would most likely agree that_.（分数：2.00）A.Impressionist paintings are inferior because they fail to clearly represent their subjectsB.Impressionism now enjoys a much more prestigious place in the art world than it once didC.Monet“s Impression; A Sunrise was a highly influential workD.the use of photography to document important events freed painters to explore other roles(8).In Line 8 of Para.
