1、2011 年中南大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：134.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.They were forced to_on necessities in order to make their limited supplies last the longish winter.（分数：2.00）A.stingyB.exhaustC.countD.skimp2.The police are working on a_into suspected drug dealing in the outskirt o
2、f the city.（分数：2.00）A.propitiationB.surveyC.probeD.investigate3.He interpreted her condemnation of recent of political developments as an_criticism of the government.（分数：2.00）A.implicationB.implyingC.imposingD.implicit4.That TV news program plays_sensational stories just to get higher ratings.（分数：2.
3、00）A.atB.upC.withD.into5.Squad members, already decked out in_chemical suits, put on masks and rubber gloves.（分数：2.00）A.cumbersomeB.awesomeC.chromosomeD.fulsome6.There are some people who will always_a cause merely because others are attacking or criticizing it.（分数：2.00）A.uphold withB.stand up forC.
4、advocate inD.withdraw from7.Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $ 110 billion _ the $ 160 billion the president to get through the Congress.（分数：2.00）A.in reply toB.in relation toC.in contrast toD.in proportion to8.I arranged to go to my new work before my predecessor left, so that he co
5、uld help me to_（分数：2.00）A.put my hand outB.come to my handC.give my hand offD.get my hand in9.The budget problem of the program was_by many unexpected costs.（分数：2.00）A.participatedB.precipitatedC.proratedD.propagated10.We were to have met them next Thursday, and then to have gone for a ramble togeth
6、er, but for some reason they have_.（分数：2.00）A.cried offB.cried outC.cried forD.cried down11.At the end of every chapter in our science text, there is a group of_questions, intended for students who wish to go more deeply into the subject.（分数：2.00）A.optionalB.portativeC.optimisticD.operational12.The
7、fact that there tire marks in the drive_the theory that the thieves used a car to take away the stolen property.（分数：2.00）A.appliesB.bears outC.inquiresD.detects13.His promotion has provoked_discussion among the staff of law agency.（分数：2.00）A.apprehensiveB.animatedC.annihilatedD.ameliorated14.There a
8、re some teenagers who have independent tastes, but most of them to_.（分数：2.00）A.go with the crowdB.be in the massesC.run into the groupD.messed up15.He was_in his support of the governors policies of social welfare affairs.（分数：2.00）A.steadfastB.stagnantC.infirmD.stubborn16.You must choose between a l
9、ow rate of interest but security for your capital, and a higher rate of interest with the attendant risks; you cannot_.（分数：2.00）A.be in mean roadsB.stay in hesitationsC.have it both waysD.hold all the coins17.Theres a firm distinction between the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages and overi
10、ndulgence to the point of_.（分数：2.00）A.intoxicationB.indulgenceC.introspectionD.intimation18.The teacher threatened to_their X-box if they kept playing in classroom.（分数：2.00）A.fineB.penalizeC.confiscateD.punish19.Despite his pleasant manner, I suspected he was_information about the decisions made at
11、the Board meeting.（分数：2.00）A.testifying forB.fishing forC.discovering forD.in discovery of20.There are some people who will use any kind of argument, no matter how illogical, so long as they can_an opponent.（分数：2.00）A.rebuttalB.dispute overC.scorn withD.score off二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)The developmen
12、t and widespread use of computer technology and the Internet have transformed how we communicate, how we communicate, how business is conducted, how information is dispersed, and how society is organized. Prior to【C1】_1980, in-depth information about any one【C2】_matter was attained through laborious
13、 research【C3】_countless visits to libraries and【C4】_repeated interviews with persons【C5】_known reputation and reputable【C6】_. Now, a great deal of【C7】_is available at the click of a mouse【C8】_, all attainable from within the【C9】_of ones own home or from the【C10】_of a computer in an office. Previous
14、labor-intensive【C11】_jobs, such as loading and unpacking of【C12】_, luggage handling at airports, and food【C13】_, once performed by a large middle-class【C14】_, are now performed routinely by robots which are monitored by computer-controlled systems. Our lives have been【C15】_by the advent of computer
15、and internet technologies, but likewise these benefits【C16】_have been ushered in by the technology【C17】_have had an adverse affect on the【C18】_of our interpersonal relationships. Mere communication is no【C19】_via postal mail or face-to-face【C20】_, but rather via electronic email, personal internet m
16、essage boards, and by virtue of handheld personal electronic assistants.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.propositionallyB.annuallyC.approximatelyD.alternatively(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.intensiveB.subjectC.supposedD.attainable(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.involvingB.ofC.mentioningD.throughout(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.intoB.viaC
17、.thusD.with means(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.forB.asC.inD.of(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.expertB.experienceC.exposureD.expertise(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.businessesB.informationC.technologiesD.systems(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.buttonB.keyboardC.switchD.flash(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.restraintsB.bansC.prohibitionsD.confines(10).【C10】（分数：2.0
18、0）A.useB.developmentC.applicationD.supply(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.dozyB.supportC.tiresomeD.labor(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.trucksB.vesselsC.vehiclesD.loads(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.bargainingB.managingC.manufacturingD.dealing(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.clerksB.workforceC.maidsD.farmers(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.magnifiedB.clas
19、sifiedC.amplifiedD.simplified(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.thatC.thereD.in that(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.concurrencyB.revolutionC.evolutionD.evaluation(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.costB.coreC.headD.essence(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.moreB.soonerC.longishD.longer(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.contactB.confirmC.contractD.contrast三、R
20、eading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：40.00)Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and
21、 approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expr
22、essions could signal the approach of enemies(or friends)in the absence of language. Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research
23、 Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells
24、 in the New Guinea highlands. All groups, including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions.(43) The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emoti
25、onal responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotio
26、n was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the
27、causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can alsowork in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles(“feedback“)are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a persons facial expression influence that persons emotional state. Consi
28、der Darwins words: “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. “ On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger? Psychological research has gi
29、ven rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons(humorous drawings of people or situations)as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown
30、, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive. Ekmans observation may be relevant to the British expression “keep a stiff upper lip“ as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a “ stiff“ lip suppresses emotional response as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But wh
31、en the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, stiffening the upper lip may have which of the following effects?（分数：2.00）A.It first suppresses stress, then in
32、tensifies it.B.It may cause fear and tension in those who see it.C.It can damage the lip muscles.D.It may either heighten or reduce emotional response.(2).The author mentions “Baring the teeth in a hostile way“ in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial express
33、ion from other meanings of itB.support Darwins theory of evolutionC.contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressionsD.provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understood(3).Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential informat
34、ion in the highlighted sentence in the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The Fore were asked to display familiar facial expressions when they told their stories.B.The Fore exhibited the same relationship of facial expressions and basic emotions that is seen in Western culture when they acted out stories.C
35、.The Fores facial expressions indicated their unwillingness to pretend to be story characters.D.The Fore were familiar with the facial expressions and basic emotions characters in stories.(4).According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?（分数
36、：2.00）A.They would become less intense.B.They would last longer than usual.C.They would become more negative.D.They would cause problems later.(5).According to the passage, research involving which of the following supported the facial-feedback hypothesis?（分数：2.00）A.The long-term effects of repressi
37、ng emotions.B.The release of neurotransmitters by people during experiments.C.The reactions of people in experiments to cartoons.D.The tendency of people in experiments to cooperate.Only two years ago, a report that two-thirds of leading American universities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement
38、for English majors in favor of courses on popular culture and gender studies prompted worries that the playwright regarded by many left-wing ideologues as the quintessential Dead White Male was becoming a has-been, a victim of the commissars of political correctness and willfully watered-down curric
39、ulums. Today, happily, its clear that such reports of Shakespeares demise were vastly exaggerated. Shakespeare is still the most produced playwright in 1990s America, and in England he was recently voted in one BBC poll “ the Briton of the Millennium. “ There are replicas of the Globe Theater in Lon
40、don and Tokyo, and in Germany his birthday prompts an annual celebration. As the scholar Jonathan Bate(“The Genius of Shakespeare“)points out, the Bard has become “a world genius“ with a “cross-cultural appeal“ that defies both the debunking of academic radicals and the stuffy canonization of tradit
41、ionalists. “Shakespeare in Love“ a witty new movie that works an improvisation on the playwrights life was nominated for 13 Academy Awards and shares a nomination for best picture with “ Elizabeth,“ another film(with seven nominations)set against the backdrop of Elizabethan England. These pictures a
42、re only the tip of the Shakespeare iceberg. Coming soon are a slew of movies based on his plays, including Julie Taymors version of “Titus Andronicus“(with Anthony Hopkins, Alan Cumming and Jessica Lange)and a film adaptation of “A Midsummer Nights Dream, “ starring Calista Flockhart, Michelle Pfeif
43、fer and Kevin Kline. Alicia Silverstone will soon star in Kenneth Branaghs new musical adaptation of “Loves Labours Lost,“ while Ethan Hawke will tackle a “Hamlet“ set in the corporate world of the 90s. Certainly the fact that Shakespeare is a brand name, one who neither demands royalties nor contes
44、ts rewrites, has something to do with his current revival. Yet at the same time there is a latent power to his work that has allowed successive generations of directors, critics and actors to reinvent him continually in their own image and to find new ways(some profound, some forced, some obviously
45、silly)of pointing up his relevance. Restoration critics emphasized his role as a dramatic playwright who addressed public and political issues. Romantics portrayed him, romantically, as the poet of melancholy and love. And modernists have stressed the difficulty of his work, its layered, contradicto
46、ry meanings.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage we can deduce that_.（分数：2.00）A.Shakespeare has offered a great heritage for cultures and peoples of the worldB.Shakespeare is the greatest historic figure for British culture in its historyC.Shakespeare is remembered as the greatest playwright in English wo
47、rldD.Shakespeare had made the radicals and id traditionalist annoyed(2).American universities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement for English majors because the playwright was regarded as_.（分数：2.00）A.less attractive as the gender and popular culture figures for young learnersB.a figure of commis
48、sars of political correctness on stageC.just a strong has- been of the left-wing ideologuesD.a typical symbol of Dead White Male(3).According to Jonathan Bate, Shakespeare is a figure that_（分数：2.00）A.is a global genius because of the scorning words of radicals and traditionalistsB.is celebrated and
49、remembered by the peoples despite the debunking of the extremistC.is the most productive playwright in American in 1990sD.had become genius with a public appeal in English as he was selected the Briton of the Millennium(4).Which of the following movies is not of Shakespeare?（分数：2.00）A.HamletB.ElizabethC.A Midsummer Nights DreamD.Titus Andronicus(5)
