1、2009 年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：112.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.Not all persons arrested and_with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law.（分数：2.00）A.sentencedB.accusedC.persecutedD.charged2.Whoever has skills and
2、knowledge in this country, I believe, should be properly treated and rewarded_his educational background and family origin.（分数：2.00）A.despite ofB.regardless ofC.let aloneD.because of3.A survey earlier this year found that about 50 percent of South Africans think that “most“ or “almost all“ governmen
3、tal officials are involved in_.（分数：2.00）A.robberyB.violationC.corruptionD.stealing4.Woodrow Wilson_to preserve world peace by supporting the establishment of an organization to settle international disputes.（分数：2.00）A.endeavoredB.incitedC.grantedD.offered5.Margaret Meads reputation was established w
4、ith the publication of her first book in 1982 and was_by her many subsequent contributions to anthropology.（分数：2.00）A.hardenedB.enhancedC.separatedD.judged6.The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer_according to the weather.（分数：2.00）A.evaluatedB.convertedC.f
5、luctuatedD.modified7.In calculating the daily calorie requirement for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity and age should be_.（分数：2.00）A.brought into practiceB.taken into accountC.thrown light onD.looked down upon8.There was no light on the way and for a second she hesitated, un
6、able to_the dim figure awaiting her.（分数：2.00）A.set outB.make outC.pick upD.clear up9.It is disturbing to note how many crimes we do know about were detected_, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.（分数：2.00）A.by accidentB.on scheduleC.in generalD.at intervals10.The violent_of his
7、 youth reappeared and was directed not only at the army, but at his wife as well.（分数：2.00）A.impatienceB.characterC.temperD.quality11.Certainly no one could have predicted that a tiny worm would make possible such far-reaching_into the very nature of life.（分数：2.00）A.understandingB.perceptionC.insight
8、sD.inquiry12.Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine_that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.（分数：2.00）A.entrustedB.assertedC.appreciatedD.reckoned13.Maximum benefits typically range from $50,000 to $250,000 though some_have no limit.（分数：2.00）A.policiesB.billsC.chargesD.prices1
9、4.Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to_on math and theoretical physics.（分数：2.00）A.imposeB.centerC.set upD.stand up to15.She has decided to_some money every month to help three peasant girls in poverty-stricken areas.（分数：2.00）A.lay downB.lay asideC.set upD.
10、stand up to二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience And they also need to give serious【C1】_to how they can best【C2】_to such changes. Growing bodies need movement and【C3】_, but not just in ways that emphasize co
11、mpetition.【C4】_they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the【C5】_that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are【C6】_by others. However, the typical teenage lifes
12、tyle is already tilled with so much competition that it would be【C7】_to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 【C8】_, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,【C9】_student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide【C
13、10】_opportunities for leadership as well as for practice in successful【C11】_dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the【C12】_of some kind of organization with a supportive adult【C13】_visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to r
14、emember that the young teens have【C14】_attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized【C15】_participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to【C16】_else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants【C17】_. This does not mean that adults must accept
15、 irresponsibility.【C18】_they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by【C19】_for roles that are within their【C20】_and their attention spans and by shaving clearly stated rules.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.thoughtB.ideaC.opinionD.advice(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.strengthenB.accommodateC.stimulateD.en
16、hance(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.careB.nutritionC.exerciseD.leisure(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.IfB.AlthoughC.WhereasD.Because(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.assistanceB.guidanceC.confidenceD.tolerance(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.claimedB.admiredC.ignoredD.surpassed(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.improperB.riskyC.fairD.wise(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.in effectB.
17、as a resultC.for exampleD.in a sense(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.displayingB.describingC.creatingD.exchanging(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.durableB.excessiveC.surplusD.multiple(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.groupB.individualC.personnelD.corporation(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.consentB.insuranceC.admissionD.security(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.
18、particularlyB.barelyC.definitelyD.rarely(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.longC.differentD.short(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.if onlyB.now thatC.so thatD.even if(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.something(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.offB.downC.outD.alone(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.On the contraryB.On the aver
19、ageC.On the wholeD.On the other hand(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.makingB.standingC.planningD.taking(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.capabilitiesB.responsibilitiesC.proficiencyD.efficiency三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Experienced baseball fielders can tell how far a ball is going to travel just by listening to t
20、he crack of the bat. If they didnt, they wouldnt stand a chance of catching it, claims a physicist in New York. “When a baseball is hit straight at an outfielder, he cannot quickly judge the angle of the scent and the distance the ball will travel.“ says Robert Adair, a physicist at Yale University.
21、 If he relied purely upon visual information, the fielder would have to wait for about one-and-a-half seconds before he could tell accurately if the pitcher hit the ball long or short. By this time the ball may have traveled too far for him to reach it in time. To stand a fighting chance of catching
22、 it, according to Adair, fielders must listen to the sound the ball hitting the bat to judge how far it will travel. There is anecdotal evidence to support this, he says. A former centre fielder told Adair: “If I heard a crack 1 ran out, if I heard a clunk, I ran in.“ To test his hypothesis, Adair c
23、alculated how quickly a fielder could change direction if he had misjudged whether the ball was going long or short. The difference between the “crack“ and “clunk“ can be explained by how well the batter has hit the ball, and could mean a difference in running distance of as much as 30 metres, he to
24、ld delegates at a meeting of the Acoustical Society of America in Chicago last week. Scientists already knew that to hit a ball long the batter must strike it somewhere near the vibrational node of the bat, known as the sweet spot. Balls hit on the sweet spot generate fewer energy-sapping vibrations
25、 in the bat, allowing greater energy transfer to the ball. Conversely, mishit balls make the bat vibrate strongly and so do not travel as far. Adair is quick to point out that this only applies to wooden bats, which are used in major league baseball. Aluminum bats, on the other hand, tend to produce
26、 a fairly uniform “ping“ sound regardless of where you hit them.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Robert Adair, why cant an outfielder rely purely on visual information?（分数：2.00）A.Because it may take longer time for him to exert judgment.B.Because the ball may change directions during flight.C.Because the
27、ball may be hit either long or short.D.Because light travels faster than sound.(2).From paragraph 3 we can infer that a “crack“ may mean_.（分数：2.00）A.a long ballB.a short ballC.a good ballD.a mishit ball(3).If the bat vibrates very little,_.（分数：2.00）A.the fielder is unable to catch the soundB.the bal
28、l will travel to a short distanceC.the ball may receive greater energyD.the fielder should quickly run in(4).Adair points out that his theory cant be applied to aluminum bats because_.（分数：2.00）A.the “ping“ sound is too vague for a fielder to catchB.with the aluminum bats the batter always hits the b
29、all strongerC.they dont produce different sounds of “crack“ and “clunk“D.the sounds they produce may interfere with the fielders judgment(5).Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Hitting the ball to produce different sounds is not an easy matterB.
30、Wooden bats are better than aluminum ones to be used in major league baseballC.The sound of the bat may give fielders more chances to catch the ballD.The study of Robert Adair shocks the Acoustical Society of America.Have you ever felt your life go into slow motion as you realize something bad is ha
31、ppening? You might have just knocked over a wine glass or noticed a car hurtling towards you, for example. Now scientists have measured exactly how much these attention-grabbing events slow down our perception of the world around us. Another example of the world appearing to slow down is when you ar
32、e hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end. If your attention wanders while youre waiting then suddenly switches back, you will probably hear what seems like a longer than usual silence before hearing the dialing tone again. For you, time will have momentarily slowed. To
33、see how our perception of time changes when something new happens, Vincent Walsh and his colleagues put headphones on volunteers and played eight beeps to their right ears. The gap between each beep was exactly 1 second, except for the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps, which the scientists cou
34、ld make shorter or longer. They altered the length of this gap until the volunteers estimated it was the same length as the other gaps. The researchers found that, on average, people judge a second slightly short, at 955 milliseconds. In the second part of the experiment, the first four beeps were p
35、layed to the subjects right ears, but the other four were then played to their left. Again, the volunteers were asked to estimate when the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps was the same as the others. This time they judged a second to be even shorter at 825 milliseconds long. Perceiving a secon
36、d to be much shorter than it is makes you feel as though the world has gone into slow motion, since less happens in that slice of time. Walsh thinks the effect could have evolved to give us a fraction more time to react to potentially threatening events. Last year, Kielan Yarrow, a British psycholog
37、ist found a similar effect with vision. When you glance at a clock, the first second will seem longer than it really is. Yarrows results showed that time appeared to slow down by a similar amount as Walsh found. Previous studies have shown that cooling the body slows down our perception of time whil
38、e warming it up has the opposite effect.（分数：10.00）(1).After you noticed a car hurtling towards you, you might feel that_.（分数：2.00）A.the world around you had slowed downB.something bad was going to happenC.life had suddenly become meaninglessD.peoples life was so fragile(2).According to the passage,
39、hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end, you might_.（分数：2.00）A.have a high concentration of mindB.feel very annoyed at the people on the other endC.feel time is somehow slowed downD.be unable to hear the dialing tone(3).Vincent Walsh and his colleagues did the experiment
40、 in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.see which ear is more sensitive to beepsB.find out the relationship between time and lifeC.study how time changes at the 4th and 5th beepsD.observe how peoples perception of time changes(4).What have Vincent and his colleagues found through the experiment?（分数：2.00）A.The left
41、 ear of people is more sensitive than the right one.B.People judge a second to be slightly shorter than it really is.C.Research subjects are less accurate than researchers in judging a second.D.Normally a second is in fact either 955 milliseconds or 825 milliseconds.(5).From the passage we can infer
42、 that when we are hot, well feel time_.（分数：2.00）A.runs fasterB.stops all togetherC.runs slowerD.reverses its directionArchitects are hopeless when it comes to deciding whether the public will view their designs as marvels or monstrosities, according to a study by Canadian psychologists. They say des
43、igners should go back to school to learn about ordinary peoples tastes. Many buildings that appeal to architects get the thumbs down from the public. Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria in British Columbia decided to find out whether architects understand public preferences and simply disag
44、ree with them, or fail to understand the lay persons view. With his colleague Graham Brown, he asked 25 experienced architects to look at photos of 42 large buildings in the US, Canada, Europe and Hong Kong. The architects predicted how the public would rate the buildings on a scale of 1 to 10, wher
45、e 1 represented “terrible“ and 10 “excellent“. A further 27 people who were not architects also scored the buildings out of 10. In addition, eight architects gave their own personal ratings of the buildings. The three groups tended to agree among themselves on a buildings merits. And architects corr
46、ectly predicted that lay people would on average rate buildings higher than they did themselves. But for individual building, the architects perceptions of what the lay people would think were often way off the mark. “Some architects are quite good at predicting lay preferences, but others are not o
47、nly poor at it, they get it backwards.“ says Gifford. For instance, architects gave the Stockley Park Building B-3 offices in London a moderate rating of 5.2. They thought the public would like it much better, predicting a rating of 6.3. But the public actually disliked the offices, and gave it 4.7.
48、 Gifford thinks that lay people respond to specific features of buildings, such as durability and originality, and hope to pin down what they are. “Architects in architecture school need to be taught how lay people think about buildings,“ Gifford concludes. He doesnt think designers should pander to
49、 the lowest common denominator, but suggests they should aspire towards buildings that appeal to the public and architects alike, such as the Bank of China building in Hong Kong. Marco Goldschmeid of the Richard Rogers Partnership, designers of the Millennium Dome in London, thinks the study is flawed. “The authors have assumed, wrongly, that buildings can be meaningful
