1、2009 年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：206.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）_A.John failed the exam.B.John didn“t take the exam.C.John passed the exam, but scored low.D.It took John a long time to pass the exam.A.To travel by train.B.To go by Taxi.C.To go hiking.D.To rent a car.A.1-231-555-1212.B.1-213-555-2112
2、.C.1-213-555-1212.D.1-231-555-2112.A.Morning sickness.B.A frequent headache.C.A pain in her right leg.D.A boring hospitalization.A.Doctor and patient.B.Boss and secretary.C.Agent and customer.D.Driver and passenger.A.To buy another pair of shoes.B.To help his brother right away.C.To turn to his brot
3、her for help.D.To seek advice from the woman.A.He is offering a piece of advice.B.He is examining a patient.C.He is attending his daughter.D.He is taking a patient“ s history.A.To ask the man to call her back.B.To go to the botanic garden.C.To do some gardening.D.To play tennis.A.Louise is not a new
4、 comer.B.Louise loves being a nurse.C.Louise did a lot of work for the man.D.Louise has been waiting for a long time.A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Seven.A.She has thrown out of the car.B.She was knocked down by the car.C.She hit her head on the steering wheel.D.She got the steering wheel in her chest.A.She
5、 overacted to the man.B.She cried over her failure.C.She made a success of her diet.D.She was jealous of the man.A.He hates those who fool around.B.He will never try the stuff.C.He will shoot any drug dealer.D.He regrets having tried the stuff.A.The opposite to the man“ s expectation.B.A quicker rec
6、overy than expected.C.A pair of mismatching boots.D.Her healthy pregnancy.A.He will do as requested.B.He will not join the team.C.The woman is crazy about him.D.The woman has trouble standing.2.Section B（分数：10.00）_A.For the purpose of diagnosis confirmation.B.For the possibility of legal trouble.C.F
7、or the doctor“ s investigation.D.For the patient“ s future use.A.He has got cancer in his pancreas.B.He falls with a stomach problem.C.He suffers from fatigue.D.He has a loss of weight.A.See a dietician.B.Have an operation.C.Start chemotherapy.D.Take medication for pain relieve.A.A couple of years.B
8、.More than 5 years.C.A couple of months.D.Approximately 5 years.A.Suspicious.B.Anxious.C.Hesitant.D.Factual.A.Life evolution.B.Space exploration.C.Extraterrestrial life.D.Unknown flying objects.A.His 50th birthday.B.NASA“ s 50th anniversary.C.The University“ s 50th anniversary.D.The US Cosmology Ass
9、ociation“ s 50th Anniversary.A.Even primitive life is impossible.B.Intelligent life is fairly common.C.Intelligent life is less likely.D.Any form of life is possible.A.Nuclear weapons.B.Alien kidnapping.C.Human extinction.D.Dangerous infection.A.Ironic.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.Supportive.A.Obese p
10、eople need more food.B.Obese people require more fuel.C.Obesity contributes to global warming.D.Obesity is growing as a global phenomenon.A.Limited living space.B.Crowded shopping malls.C.Food shortage and higher energy prices.D.Incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.A.Over 700 millions.B
11、.Over 400 millions.C.Over 2. 3 billions.D.Over 3 billion.A.1800 calories.B.1280 calories.C.1680 calories.D.2960 calories.A.Climate change.B.The fall of food prices.C.A rise in energy prices.D.An increasing demand for food.3.Section A（分数：2.00）_4.The_conditions and places are likely to cause diseases.
12、（分数：2.00）A.unsanitaryB.insidiousC.insaneD.inefficacious5.The witness was_by the judge for failing to answer the question.（分数：2.00）A.abstainedB.acquittedC.admonishedD.adduced6.He has_two cars this year because of traffic accidents.（分数：2.00）A.pulled ofB.worn outC.passed outD.written off7.People are mu
13、ch better informed since the_of the Internet.（分数：2.00）A.convenientB.adventC.interfaceD.aftermath8.All instruments that come into contact with the patient must be_before being used by others.（分数：2.00）A.sterilizedB.labeledC.quarantinedD.retained9.By adopting this cunning policy, the clinic risks_many
14、of its patients.（分数：2.00）A.acquittingB.allocatingC.alleviatingD.alienating10.Humor can also be a powerful_against stress and misfortune.（分数：2.00）A.braveryB.blossomC.bufferD.buffet11.Diabetes upsets the_of sugar, fat and protein.（分数：2.00）A.metastasisB.metabolismC.malaiseD.maintenance12.The muscular_c
15、an affect the way we feel mentally.（分数：2.00）A.potencyB.fiberC.lethargyD.synthesis13.Evidence is widespread that HIV-infected persons show to_their unsafe behavior.（分数：2.00）A.respond toB.reflect onC.wipe outD.put off14.Section B（分数：2.00）_15.Memory can be both enhanced and impaired by use of drugs.（分数
16、：2.00）A.inhibitedB.injuredC.inducedD.intervened.16.Is it true that this is the major drawback , of the new medical plan?（分数：2.00）A.defectB.assistanceC.culpritD.triumph17.The physician was becoming exasperated with all the questions they were asking.（分数：2.00）A.frustratedB.perplexedC.irritatedD.crippl
17、ed18.We were shocked at the physician“ s callous disregard for the human dimension of medicine.（分数：2.00）A.involuntaryB.apparentC.deliberateD.indifferent19.For years, biologists have known that chimpanzees and even some monkeys produce a panting sound akin to human laughter.（分数：2.00）A.rockingB.gaspin
18、gC.vibratingD.resonating20.Everybody at the party was in a very relaxed and jolly mood.（分数：2.00）A.rejoicingB.reconcilingC.refreshingD.resenting21.The bacterial infection is curable with judiciou , suse of antibiotics.（分数：2.00）A.impudentB.imprudentC.purulentD.prudent22.He tried to run, but he was ham
19、pered by his broken leg.（分数：2.00）A.endangeredB.enduredC.encounteredD.encumbered23.The whole holiday was a colossal waste of money.（分数：2.00）A.consecutiveB.conductiveC.considerateD.considerable24.The idea of correcting defective genes is not particularly controversial in the scientific community.（分数：2
20、.00）A.inevitableB.applicableC.disputableD.incredible五、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Every day, over a million people log onto different Internet-based games. There is truly something for everyone in the gaming world. Gaines provide a quick escape from【C1】_.Game developers are the new breed of storytelle
21、rs, creating alternative【C2】_Games represent the ultimate interactive movie, allowing the user to control the direction of the plot. And now the newest technologies allow you to play games no matter where you are. At home, we have PC or video game consoles.【C3】_, a desktop or laptop computer can be
22、loaded with OS-bundled games or Web-based freebies. Even while traveling, there are many wireless computers, portable devices, wireless phones and PDAs【C4】_ Games are now pushing back all the【C5】_once placed upon them by technology, category, realism, location and time. These advances are helping to
23、 push games into the【C6】_of virtual reality. Thus, the stuff of science fiction novels is gradually emerging, the graphic aspects of the game quickly【C7】_Initially, electronic games involved【C8】_moving blocks, across a TV or computer screen.【C9】_the vast increases in processing power, games are quic
24、kly approaching three-dimensional realism. This power allows a developer to create a【C10】_world where a gamer can look around in full 360-degree vision.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.societyB.realityC.dreamD.illusion(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.approachesB.charactersC.worldsD.mazes(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.In generalB
25、.At presentC.In realityD.At work(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.to choose fromB.to chooseC.choosing fromD.chosen(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.defectsB.drawbacksC.limitationsD.disadvantages(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.roomB.realmC.rangeD.boundary(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.evolvesB.evolvingC.evolvedD.evolve(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.simplyB.readilyC.
26、exceptionallyD.simultaneously(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.Aiding byB.To aid byC.Aided byD.To be aided by(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.humanB.originalC.ealisticD.microscopic六、Part Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than te
27、etotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderatelydefined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day had
28、an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn“ t influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are
29、 quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. “ It“ s very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship,“ says senior researcher Hiroshi Shi-mokata. “We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other fa
30、ctors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. “ Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drin
31、kers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor.
32、 They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00）(1).The Japanese study was carried out on_.（分数：2.
33、00）A.the development of IQB.the secret of longevityC.the brain food in a glassD.the amount of healthy drinking(2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in_.（分数：2.00）A.female teetotalers than in male onesB.female drinkers than in male onesC.moderate drinkersD.teetotalers(3).When he says that it
34、is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that_.（分数：2.00）A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and educationB.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigationC.there are some other contributing factorsD.the results were just misleading(4).From Shimokata
35、 “ s mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence_.（分数：2.00）A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheeseB.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wineC.they are not as effective as sake and wineD.sake or wine is not alone(5).Based on the study, Shimokata would
36、say that_.（分数：2.00）A.intelligence improves with ageB.IQ can be enhanced in one way or anotherC.polyphenols in alcohol may boost the brainD.Alcoholic drinks will make you more intelligentWomen do not avoid fighting because they are dainty or scared, but because they have a greater stake than men in s
37、taying alive to rear their offspring. Women compete with each other just as tenaciously as men, but with a stealth and subtlety that reduces their chances of being killed or injured, says Anne Campbell of the department of psychology at the University of Durham. Across almost all cultures and nation
38、alities, men have a much smaller role than women in rearing children. “Males go for quantity of children rather than quality of care for offspring, which means that the parental investment of women is much greater,“ says Campbell. And unlike men, who can“ t be sure that their children have not been
39、fathered on the sly by other men, women can always be certain that half an offspring“ s genes are theirs. Women have therefore evolved a strong impulse than men to see their children grow up into adults. Men“ s psychological approach is geared to fathering as many children as possible. To make this
40、strategy work and to attract partners, men need to establish and advertise their dominance over rival males. Throughout evolution this has translated into displays of male aggression, ranging in scale from playground fights to world wars. Men can afford to take more risks because as parents they are
41、 more expendable. Women, meanwhile, can only ensure reproductive success by overseeing the development of their children, which means avoiding death. “ The scale of parental investment drives everything,“ says Campbell. “ It“ s not that women are too scared to fight,“ she says. “It“ s more to do wit
42、h the positive value of staying alive, and women have an awfully big stake not just in offspring themselves but in offspring they might have in the future,“ she says. This means that if women do need to competeperhaps for a partnerthey choose low-risk rules of engagement. They use indirect tactics,
43、such as discrediting rivals by spreading malicious rumors. And unlike men who glory in feats of dominance, women do better by concealing their actions and their “victories“. But there is no doubt, says Campbell, that the universal domination of culture by males has exaggerated these differences in a
44、ttitudes to physical aggression. “The story we“ ve always been told is that females are not aggressive,“ says Campbell. And when they are aggressive; women are told that their behavior is “odd or abnormal“.（分数：10.00）(1).For the sake of their children, according to Campbell, women_.（分数：2.00）A.are rel
45、uctant to start warsB.cannot avoid being dainty or scaredC.would rather get killed or injured in fightingD.do not fight with men under any circumstances.(2).It can be learned from the passage that men and women_.（分数：2.00）A.present different family values in the worldB.show definite differences in pa
46、renting skillsC.are genetically conditioned in educating their childrenD.take different psychological approaches to their children(3).Which of the following would men most probably be concerned about according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Life.B.Parenting.C.Dominance.D.Reproduction.(4).To avoid death,
47、women_.（分数：2.00）A.cannot afford to confront risksB.choose to fight in a violent wayC.try to seek protection from menD.would resort to the “odd or abnormal“ tactics(5).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Why men and women possess different parenting skills.B.Why men are more aggressive th
48、an women.C.Why women evolve in their own way.D.Why women do not start fights.The first line reads; “She sits on the bed with a helpless expression. What is your name? Au-guste. Last name? Auguste. What is your husband“ s name? Auguste, I think. “ The 32 pages of medical records that follow are the oldest medical description of Alzheimer“ s disease. Psychiatrist Konrad Maurer and his colleagues a
