1、2008年南开大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选择题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.She gets along very well with everyone, so she is the most_member of our family.（分数：2.00）A.congenitalB.impetuousC.congenialD.imperious2.Lucy Stone,_ first feminists in the United States, helped organize the American Woman Suff
2、rage Association in 1869.（分数：2.00）A.the oneB.who was theC.anotherD.one of the3.A very full cup is filled to the_.（分数：2.00）A.plugB.dentC.hatchD.brim4.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and_to everyone.（分数：2.00）A.speculationB.attributionC.utilizationD.proposition5.At
3、 present, it is not possible to confirm or to refute the suggestion that there is a causal relationship between the amount of fat we eat and the_of heart attacks（分数：2.00）A.incidenceB.impetusC.ruptureD.emergence6.Executives of the company enjoyed an_lifestyle of free gifts, fine wines and high salari
4、es.（分数：2.00）A.exquisiteB.extravagantC.exoticD.eccentric7.A membership card_the holder to use the club“s facilities for a period of twelve months.（分数：2.00）A.approvesB.authorizesC.rectifiesD.endows8.The members of the club voted to_the meeting until after lunch.（分数：2.00）A.adjournB.adjoinC.adjustD.adju
5、dge9.What I am telling you is strictly_. Don“t let anyone know of it.（分数：2.00）A.secretiveB.specialC.confidentD.confidential10.She felt sad for a while, but fortunately, the feeling was_.（分数：2.00）A.short-sightedB.transitoryC.shiftyD.transcendent11.Supposing the weather _ bad, where would you go?（分数：2
6、.00）A.isB.will beC.wereD.be12.Van Gogh“s rise to_fame as one of the world“s great artists came despite the fact that he scarcely sold a single painting during his lifetime.（分数：2.00）A.postmodernB.posthumousC.postmortemD.posterior13._your request for an additional assistant, I can only say at this sta
7、ge that this is being considered.（分数：2.00）A.For the purpose ofB.In regard toC.In terms ofD.In view of14.Money sent_the broadcast appeal will be used to buy blankets and medical supplies.（分数：2.00）A.in favor ofB.in return forC.in exchange forD.in response to15.Sheep, cattle and antelope are_, unlike d
8、ogs and cats, they show no interest in meat.（分数：2.00）A.voraciousB.omnivorousC.carnivorousD.herbivorous16.A body weighs_from the surface of the earth.（分数：2.00）A.less the farther it getsB.the farther it gets, the lessC.less than it gets fartherD.less than the farther it gets17.Essentially, a theory is
9、 an abstract, symbolic representation of _reality.（分数：2.00）A.that is conceivedB.that is being conceived ofC.what it is conceivedD.what is conceived to be18.Captain Henry,_, crept slowly through the underbrush.（分数：2.00）A.being remote from the enemyB.attempting to not encounter the enemyC.trying to av
10、oid the enemyD.not involving himself in the enemy19.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree_they can be deliberately controlled and modified.（分数：2.00）A.to whichB.in whichC.at whichD.on which20.The formal language he used was much too_for his trivial subject.（分数：2.00）A.aus
11、tereB.eccentricC.pompousD.languid二、完形填空(总题数：1，分数：20.00)For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They【C
12、1】_that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the【C2】_man. But they insisted that its【C3】_results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty, and misery for the【C4】_of the English population. 【C5】_contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred year
13、s from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a【C6】_agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, 【C7】_, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists【C8】_history and economics, have【C9】_two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was【C10】_by great poverty, and that in
14、dustrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.admittedB.believedC.claimedD.predicted(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.plainB.averageC.meanD.normal(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.momentaryB.promptC.instantD.immediate(4).【C4】（分
15、数：2.00）A.bulkB.hostC.grossD.magnitude(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.OnB.WithC.ForD.By(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.broadlyB.thoroughlyC.generallyD.completely(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.howeverB.meanwhileC.thereforeD.moreover(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.atB.inC.aboutD.for(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.manifestedB.approvedC.shownD.speculated(10).【C10】（分数
16、：2.00）A.notedB.impressedC.labeledD.marked三、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：50.00)There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding lette
17、r on the Answer Sheet. Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and har
18、bors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with the interior.
19、 The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road
20、 where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates.(The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.) The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally reli
21、ed on private companies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. Such was the road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1, 500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie. Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of frei
22、ght carrier, wagons and passenger stagecoaches. The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all, but the deepest ruts
23、 and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill. Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier. Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most common of which had four be
24、nches, each holding three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs; slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of the_.（分数：2.00）A.popularity of turnpikesB.fi
25、nancing of new roadsC.development of the interiorD.laws governing road use(2).In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country with_.（分数：2.00）A.other inland communitiesB.towns in other statesC.river towns or seaportsD.construction sites(3).The phrase “on the threshold of in paragrap
26、h 1 is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.in need ofB.in place ofC.at the start ofD.with the purpose of(4).According to the passage, why did states want private companies to help with road building?（分数：2.00）A.The states could not afford to build roads themselves.B.The states were not as well equipped
27、 as private companies.C.Private companies could complete roads faster than the states.D.Private companies had greater knowledge of the interior.(5).Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state that_.（分数：2.00）A.built roads without tollgatesB.built roads with government moneyC.completed 1,500 miles
28、of turnpikes in one yearD.introduced new law restricting road use(6).The “large, broad wheels“ of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in the last paragraph as an example of a feature of wagons that was_.（分数：2.00）A.unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehiclesB.first found in GermanyC.effective on roads w
29、ith uneven surfacesD.responsible for frequent damage to freightDrunken drivingsometimes called America“s socially accepted form of murderhas become a national infectious disease. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,00
30、0 over the past decade. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.01 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American strong man image and judges were not severe in most cou
31、rts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant. Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered
32、 it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21. Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes“
33、about drinking and teach them to resist strong pressure to drink. Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. An inn in Massachusetts was fined for se
34、rving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously drunk“ and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy. As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of alcohol that began
35、 in 1991, what President Hoover called the “noble experiment“. They forget that legal prohibition didn“t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.（分数：10.00）(1).Drunken driving has become a major problem in
36、 America because_.（分数：2.00）A.most Americans are heavy drinkersB.Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC.accidents attract so much publicityD.drinking is a socially accepted habit in America(2).Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed?（分数：2.00）A.Detailed statistics are now a
37、vailable.B.The news media have revealed the problem.C.Judges are giving more severe sentences.D.Drivers are more conscious of their image.(3).Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that_.（分数：2.00）A.many drivers were not of legal ageB.young drivers were often bad driversC.the level of drinking inc
38、reased in the 1960sD.the legal drinking age should be raised(4).Laws recently introduced in some states have_.（分数：2.00）A.reduced the number of punishmentB.resulted in fewer serious accidentsC.prevented bars from serving drunken customersD.specified the amount drivers can drink(5).Why is the problem
39、of drinking and driving difficult to solve?（分数：2.00）A.Alcohol is easily obtained.B.Drinking is linked to organized crime.C.Legal prohibition has already failed.D.Legislation alone is not sufficient.Native Americans probably arrived from Asia in successive waves over several millennia, crossing a pla
40、in hundreds of miles wide that now lies inundated by 160 feet of water released by melting glaciers. For several periods of time, the first beginning around 60, 000 B.C. and the last ending around 7, 000 B.C., this land bridge was open. The first people traveled in the dusty trails of the animals th
41、ey hunted. They brought with them not only their families, weapons, and tools but also a broad metaphysical understanding, sprung from dreams and visions and articulated in myth and song, which complemented their scientific and historical knowledge of the lives of animals and of people. All this the
42、y shaped in a variety of languages, bringing into being oral literatures of power and beauty. Contemporary readers, forgetting the origins of western epic, lyric, and dramatic forms, are easily disposed to think of “literature“ only as something written. But on reflection it becomes clear that the m
43、ore critically useful as well as the more frequently employed sense of the term concerns the artfulness of the verbal creation, not its mode of presentation. Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation, because some significant verbal achi
44、evement results from the struggle in words between tradition and talent. Verbal art has the ability to shape out a compelling inner vision in some skillfully crafted public verbal form. Of course, the differences between the written and oral modes of expression are not without consequences for an un
45、derstanding of Native American literature. The essential difference is that a speech event is an evolving communication, an “emergent form“, the shape, functions and aesthetic values of which become more clearly realized over the course of the performance. In performing verbal art, the performer ass
46、umes responsibility for the manner as well as the content of the performance, while the audience assumes the responsibility for evaluating the performer“s competence in both areas. It is this intense mutual engagement that elicits the display of skill and shapes the emerging performance. Where writt
47、en literature provides us with a tradition of texts, oral literature offers a tradition of performances.（分数：16.00）(1).According to the passage, why did the first people who came to North America leave their homeland?（分数：2.00）A.They were hoping to find a better climate.B.They were seeking freedom.C.T
48、hey were following instructions given in a dream.D.They were looking for food.(2).The word “compelling“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.joyousB.intricateC.competingD.forceful(3).What is the main point of the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Public performance is essential to
49、verbal art.B.Oral narratives are a valid form of literature.C.Native Americans have a strong oral tradition in art.D.The production of literature provides employment for many artists.(4).What can be inferred about the nature of the Native American literature discussed in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.It reflects historical and contemporary life in Asia.B.Its main focus is on daily activities.C.It is based p
