1、2008年华中科技大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：94.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)He peered over at the writhing blackness that jerked convulsively with the jerking nerves. It grew quieter. There were small twitches from the mass that still looked vaguely【C1】_the shape of a small animal. It came【C2】_his mind that
2、 he could shoot it and end its pain; and he raised the gun. Then he lowered【C3】_again. The buck could no longer feel;its fighting was a mechanical protest of the nerves. But it was not that which made him【C4】_the gun. It was a swelling feeling of rage and misery and protest that【C5】_itself in the th
3、ought: if I had not come it【C6】_like this, so why should I interfere? All over the bush things like this happen;they happen all the time;this is how life goes on, by living things dying in anguish. I cant stop it. There is nothing I can do. He was glad that the buck was unconscious and had gone past
4、 suffering【C7】_he did not have to make a decision to kill it. At his feet, now,【C8】_ants trickling back with pink fragments in their mouths, and there was fresh acid smell in his nose. He sternly controlled the【C9】_convulsing muscles of his empty stomach, and reminded himself: the ants must eat too.
5、 The shape had grown small. Now it looked like nothing recognizable. He did not know how long it was【C10】_he saw the blackness thin, and bits of white showed through, shining in the sun yes, there was the sun just up, glowing over the rocks. Why, the whole thing could not have taken longer【C11】_a fe
6、w minutes. He strode forward, crushing ants with each step, and brushing them【C12】_his clothes till he stood above the skeleton. It was clean-picked. It might have been lying there for years,【C13】_on the white bone there were pink fragments of flesh. About the bones ants were ebbing away, their pinc
7、ers【C14】_meat. The boy looked at them big black ugly insects.【C15】_were standing and gazing up at him with small glittering eyes. “Go away!“ he said to the ants very coldly. “I am not【C16】_you not just yet, at any rate. Go away. “And he fancied that the ants turned and went away. He bent over the bo
8、nes and touched the sockets in the skull: that was where the eyes were, he thought incredulously,【C17】_the liquid dark eyes of a buck. That morning, perhaps an hour ago, this small creature had been stepping【C18】_through the bush, feeling the chill on its skin even as he himself had done, exhilarate
9、d by it. Proudly stepping the earth,【C19】_a pretty white tail, it had sniffed the cold morning air. Walking like kings and conquerors it had moved freely through this bush, where each blade of grass grew for it【C20】_and where the river ran pure sparkling water for it to drink.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2
10、.00）A.asB.throughC.likeD.at(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.throughB.intoC.onD.over(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.thisC.itD.one(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.put downB.putting downC.to put downD.having put down(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.expressingB.to expressC.expressedD.was expressed(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.would dieB.would be dyingC.had died
11、D.would have died(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.such asB.so asC.so thatD.such that(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.wasB.isC.areD.were(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.usefulnessB.uselessnessC.uselesslyD.usefully(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.ago(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.likeB.withinC.thanD.as(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.awayB.ontoC.ofD.off(1
12、3).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.exceptB.except forC.except thatD.except as(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.fill withB.full withC.fill ofD.full of(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.a littleB.littleC.A fewD.few(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.onB.forC.withD.as(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.rememberedB.had rememberedC.rememberingD.remember(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.pr
13、oud and freeB.proudly and freelyC.proudly and freeD.proud and freely(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.friskB.friskedC.friskingD.had frisked(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.alonelyB.loneC.lonelyD.alone二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)From the perspective of the poor, it seems obvious that the benefits would outweigh the
14、 costs. The benefits to poor people of no longer being poor would be enormous. Their intake of protein and other nutrition would increase their choice of housing and the quality of the housing they select would improve. Crimes related to poverty(that the poor generally commit against each other) mur
15、der, rape, robbery, burglary, child abuse, spouse abuse, and drug related crimeswould probably decrease. Apart from these specific improvements, the poor would benefit by an increase in the control over their own lives. Increased purchasing power represents a part of this. More money to spend not on
16、ly permits the purchase of additional goods and services but greatly widens the choice of goods and services that potentially could be purchased. The poor, if no longer poor, would also gain greater control of various non-fiscal aspects of their lives. As their economic stake in society increases, t
17、heir political stake is likely to increase as well. They will note more, and thus exercise a greater influence in municipal, local, state, and federal elections. As a result, elected officials will respond to them more effectively. Agencies of governmentpolice, fire, sanitation, streets, parks, and
18、so forthwill also respond more promptly and effectively. Public school systems in particular will be more responsive. The former poor who dislike the education their children are getting in public schools will have an increased ability to “ vote with the dollars “ by enrolling their children in prev
19、iously unaffordable private schools or moving to living quarters in previously unaffordable communities. Responding to the former poor will become a matter of survival for the teachers and administrators who depend for their livelihood on the public schools. While the benefits to the poor of enjoyin
20、g a right not to be poor may for the most part be obvious, some potential disadvantagesto them should also be considered. First, will not the creation of a right not to be poor reduce the motivation of the poor to exert themselves to get out of poverty? It is arguable that to the extent that self-he
21、lp is rendered unnecessary to achieve a minimum living standard, many of the poor will refrain from enrolling in the schools, undertaking the enterprises, and in general taking the risks that today elevate many of them not only above the poverty line but into the middle class and beyond. The establi
22、shment of a right not to be poor could result, arguably, in the poor as a wholeor at least a substantial percentage of themending up economically worse off in the long run. Second, to the extent that a guarantee of non-poverty reduces the poors incentive to exert themselves, will there not be a para
23、llel reduction in their innovative contributions to the economic well-being of our entire societyincluding the well-being of the former poor along with the well-being of the rest of us? In other words, a guarantee of non-poverty may arguably induce the poor child whose deprivation would otherwise ha
24、ve spurred the child to graduate from high school, finish college, get a Ph.D. in physics, and win the Nobel Prize for devising a way to produce cheaper energy to refrain, because of the security offered by the guarantee, from embarking on a course that would greatly benefit all former poor people a
25、s well as society as a whole.（分数：8.00）(1).Which one of the following is usually viewed as a crime related to poverty?（分数：2.00）A.A rich businessman humiliates his poor fellow for not working hard.B.A worker beats a gentleman for his staring at his beautiful wife.C.A poor man murders another poor one
26、just for his money.D.A president of a company sends a spy to another company to steal some information.(2).“vote with dollars“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.to choose what they like by the use of moneyB.to move to living quarters in previously unaffordable communitiesC.to send their children to better private s
27、choolsD.to elect a leader with the treatment of dollars(3).What is the authors viewpoint toward “the right of not to be poor“ ?（分数：2.00）A.Absolutely approval.B.Mixed.C.Moderately approval.D.Dislike.(4).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.the benefits excel definitely the cos
28、ts from the perspective of the poorB.the costs excel the benefits definitely from the perspective of the poorC.the benefits to poor people of no longer being poor would be enormousD.the benefits excel the costs is not absoluteGreen-space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the qual
29、ity of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The r
30、ecognition of the importance of green-spaces in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green-space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather comp
31、lex subject, I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resul
32、ted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we
33、 do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that mor
34、e obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhe
35、re find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the author, the importance of green-space in the urban environment_.（分数：2.00）A.is still unknownB.is usually neglect
36、edC.has been fully recognizedD.is being closely studied(2).The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of green-space should be provided_.（分数：2.00）A.in special areasB.in the neighborhood of the houseC.in the suburbsD.in gardens and parks(3).According to the author, green-space facilities s
37、hould be designed in such a way that_.（分数：2.00）A.an increasing number of recreative activities might be developedB.more and more people might have access to themC.more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspectD.recreative activities might be brought into our homes(4).The main idea of t
38、he passage is that_.（分数：2.00）A.better use of green-space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our lifeB.attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilitiesC.the urban environment is providing more recreative activities than it did many years agoD.priority m
39、ust be given to the development of obligatory activitiesIt has been challenging for most twentieth-century American policy-makers to recapture the memory of the early United States, Constitution and all, as a revolutionary forceto ascertain, in other words, the original motives of our founding fathe
40、rs. The argument that the war was a revolution is essentially universal among the progressives like Turner, Becket, and Jameson, who argue that the war was fought for, or at least caused, greater democracy in the colonies, and generally agree that the war was a true revolution, not simply a rejectio
41、n of British tyranny. Though this may be truewars do tend to terminate Old Orders and ancient regimes it is hardly a singular observation regarding the American Revolution. A more salient hypothesis is that the fight for greater democracy spawned not so much from a desire for change as an affirmatio
42、n of the existing order. Those gaining votes and other social privileges only wished to profit from the existing systemthese were no sans culottes beheading kings and aristocrats as the Frenchmen did in their frenzied Terror and Englishmen who desired home governance, at first seeking to preserve lo
43、cal autonomy and loyalty to the King, not to Parliament. It was only after the initial conflict that the revolutionaries slipped into the position of demanding sovereignty. Classwise, those ruling in 1770 also held power in 1790, while the Parliament, a bicameral legislature, was replaced by the Con
44、gress, another bicameral legislature and the King supplanted by a President, who could very easily have maintained his position for life. This nearly created a tradition that the head-of-state-for-life would be chosen without the benefit of heredity, a disastrous case suffered by twentieth-century U
45、gandans under Idi Amin. Furthermore, only propertied white males had suffrage, both before and after the war, and the end of slavery was not exactly accelerated by the war, though there were a few relatively minor gains for blacks. Meanwhile, the economic system was not altered, nor was the class st
46、ructure, except to forbid a nobility that in any case had only a nominal existence in the colonies before the war. What the colonists sought was control to which they had already been accustomed. Parliament was not in the colonists “chain of command“ in 1700, and for the House of Commons to attempt
47、to place itself there was seen as a loss to the colonists. Alteration was what they resisted, not what the sought;they largely felt that they were resisting an invasion of their political birthright, not that they were breaking bold new political ground, and therefore, it would be very convincing to
48、 argue that the war was fought as a reactionary response, not as a radical one.（分数：12.00）(1).According to the passage, Turner, Becker, and Jameson have done which of the following? I . They failed to acknowledge the colonists desire to affirm the existing order as a principal motive behind the Ameri
49、can Revolution. II. They have emphasized, but not sufficiently, the concept of the American Revolution as a genuine revolution. III. As a group they have failed to reach agreement on the root causes of the American Revolution.（分数：2.00）A.I and II onlyB.II onlyC.I onlyD.II and III only(2).According to the passage, the colonists who participated and supported the American Revolution initially did so（分数：2.00）A.with the goal of replacing a corrupt s
