1、2007 年上海交通大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷及答案解析(总分:66.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数:28,分数:56.00)1.Beowulf(分数:2.00)_2.The Faerie Queene(分数:2.00)_3.The Defence of Poesy(分数:2.00)_4.A Midsummer Night“s Dream(分数:2.00)_5.Paradise Lost(分数:2.00)_6.John Bunyan(分数:2.00)_7.Essay on Criticism(分数:2.00)_8.Elegy Written in a Country C
2、hurchyard(分数:2.00)_9.George Eliot(分数:2.00)_10.The Rainbow(分数:2.00)_11.The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock(分数:2.00)_12.Nathaniel Hawthorne(分数:2.00)_13.Pygmalion(分数:2.00)_14.William Blake(分数:2.00)_15.Look Back in Anger(分数:2.00)_16.Nineteen Eighty-Four(分数:2.00)_17.The Black Prince(分数:2.00)_18.Howl(分数:2
3、.00)_19.Samuel Beckett(分数:2.00)_20.The Babysitter(分数:2.00)_21.Rabbit, Run(分数:2.00)_22.John Steinbeck(分数:2.00)_23.Henry David Thoreau(分数:2.00)_24.Orlando(分数:2.00)_25.The Importance of Being Earnest(分数:2.00)_26.The Angry Young Men (6 points)(分数:2.00)_27.Avant-garde (4 points)(分数:2.00)_28.Dramatic Mono
4、logue (5 points)(分数:2.00)_二、评论题(总题数:1,分数:2.00)29.Write a short essay (in no more than 200 words) about the basic features of Postmodernism. (13 points)(分数:2.00)_三、分析题(总题数:1,分数:8.00)Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow.Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningBy Robert FrostWhose w
5、oods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.He gives his harness bells a shake
6、To ask if there is some mistake.The only other sound“s the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.(分数:8.00)(1).What is the theme of the poem? What images does the poet use to expr
7、ess this theme? (5 points)(分数:2.00)_(2).What are the rhythm and rhyme scheme? In what way do the rhythm and rhyme scheme contribute to the expression of the theme? (5 points)(分数:2.00)_(3).What is the tone of the poem and how is it established? (4 points)(分数:2.00)_(4).What is the function of the repe
8、tition in the last two lines? What poetic effect does the repetition have? (8 points)(分数:2.00)_2007 年上海交通大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷答案解析(总分:66.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数:28,分数:56.00)1.Beowulf(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:An epic poem written by an anonymous writer.)解析:2.The Faerie Queene(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:An epic poem
9、written by Edmund Spenser.)解析:3.The Defence of Poesy(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:An essay written by Philip Sidney.)解析:4.A Midsummer Night“s Dream(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A comedy written by William Shakespeare.)解析:5.Paradise Lost(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:An epic poem written by John Milton.)解析:6.John Bunyan(分数:2.00
10、)_正确答案:(正确答案:An British novelist whose masterpiece is Pilgrim“s Progress.)解析:7.Essay on Criticism(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A poem written by Alexander Pope.)解析:8.Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A poem written by Thomas Gray)解析:9.George Eliot(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A British novelis
11、t whose masterpiece is The Mill on the Floss.)解析:10.The Rainbow(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A novel written by D. H. Lawrence.)解析:11.The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A poem written by T. S. Eliot.)解析:12.Nathaniel Hawthorne(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:An American novelist whose masterpiece is
12、The Scarlet Letter.)解析:13.Pygmalion(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A play written by Bernard Shaw.)解析:14.William Blake(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A British poet whose masterpiece is Songs of Experience.)解析:15.Look Back in Anger(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A play written by John Osborne)解析:解析:约翰奥斯本(John Osborne),19291994,英国剧作
13、家。此处考查的是他 1956 年的名作愤怒中回顾(Look Back in Anger)。随着这部话剧在伦敦皇家宫廷剧院的成功上演, “愤怒青年”(The Angry Young Men)于是也成为了英国二战后三十岁以下清醒、激进的一代人的代名词。16.Nineteen Eighty-Four(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A novel written by George Orwell)解析:解析:乔治奥威尔(George Orwell),1903-1950,英国小说家、散文家、评论家。他的代表作很多,其中包括狮子与独角兽(The Lion and the Unicorn,1941
14、)、 缅甸岁月(Burmese Days,1943)、 动物庄园(Animal Farm,1945)、 1984(NineteenEighty 一 Four,1948)、 猎象记(Shooting the Elephant,1950)。其中一九八四和动物庄园堪称奥威尔的经典之作。在这两部政治讽喻小说中,他所创造的“老大哥”(bigbrother)、“双重思想”(double think)、“新词”(neologism)等词汇都已收入权威的英语词典之中。作为文学评论家,奥威尔认为作家的写作有四大动机:自我表现的欲望;唯美的思想和热情;历史方面的冲动(希望还事物以本来面目);政治上所作的努力(希望
15、把世界推往一定的方向,帮助别人树立人们要努力争取的到底是哪一种社会的想法)。17.The Black Prince(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A novel written by Iris Murdoch)解析:解析:艾丽丝默多克(Iris Murdoch),1919-1999,爱尔兰作家。默多克一生共创作了 26 部小说。主要作品有在网下(Under the Net,1954)、 钟(The Bell,1958)、 被砍掉的头(A Severed Head,1964)、红与绿(The Red and the Green,1965)、黑王子(The Black Prince,19
16、89)和大海、大海(The Sea,The Sea,1978)(小说曾获 1978 年度英国最重要的文学奖项布克奖)。深受存在主义影响的默多克也是英国小说史上第一个把萨特式哲学小说引入英国文坛的人。她的小说总是围绕着许多拥有不同哲学思想的人物,而且随着情节的发展,故事中人与人之间的关系将会产生如万花筒般的变化。她把 20 世纪中产阶级的生活现实糅合在不平凡的事件当中。默多克的小说多带有一丝恐怖、怪诞和滑稽,但却揭示出作者本人的存在主义思想:尽管人类认为他们能够自由自在地用理性控制他们的生活和行为,事实上,他们受制于潜意识,受制于众多社会决定因素及其他非人为的力量。18.Howl(分数:2.00
17、)_正确答案:(正确答案:A poem written by Allen Ginsberg)解析:解析:艾伦金斯堡(Allen Ginsberg),1926-1997,美国诗人, “垮掉派”诗人的代表人物。金斯堡的长诗以学习惠特曼的个性解放精神和自由诗体自命,他的诗篇洋洋洒洒,其中既可见惠特曼的遗风,又可见凯鲁亚克散文风格的影响,因而显得充满活力和新鲜感。他的最杰出的长诗就是嚎叫(Howl),在这首诗中,他高度赞扬了“垮掉一代”的伙伴,并对当时美国盛行的物质主义与保守主义进行了鞭笞。19.Samuel Beckett(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:An Irish dramatist
18、 whose masterpiece is Waiting for Godot)解析:解析:等待戈多是戏剧史上真正的革新,也是第一部演出成功的荒诞派戏剧。这部两幕悲:喜剧呈现在观众面前的是一个非理性的世界。贝克特通过两个流浪汉永无休止而又毫无希望的等待,揭示了世界的荒诞与人生的痛苦,表现了现代人希望改变自己的生活处境但又难以实现的绝望心理。这同时也反映了贝克特的戏剧风格。他的作品并不依赖传统的戏剧因素。他放弃了一直是戏剧之标志的情节、描述和结局,取而代之的是一系列活生生的舞台形象。语言无用,因为他创造的是一个虚幻的空间,那里住满了孤独的人们,他们拼命想表达无法表达的东西却徒劳无功。他笔下的人物
19、生存于一个可怕的、梦幻真空中,周身充满着不可遏抑的迷乱和忧伤。他们荒唐地试图进行某种交流,而后无休止地匍匐前进。 作家介绍 塞缪尔贝克特(Samuel Beckett),1906-1989,原籍爱尔兰,是一位用法语英语两种文字写作的剧作家、诗人、小说家。主要作品包括剧本等待戈多(Waiting for Godot,1952)、 哑剧 I(Act Without Words I,1956)、 哑剧 II(Act Without Words II,1956)、剧终(Endgame,1957),小说三部曲马洛伊(Molloy,1951)、 马洛伊之死(Malone Dies,1951)、 无名的人(
20、The Unnamable,1953)以及梅西尔和加米尔(Mercier and Camier,1974)。20.The Babysitter(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A short fiction written by Robert Coover.)解析:解析:罗伯特库佛(Robert Coover),1932-至今,被美国文学界称为六十年代以来最有代表性的后现代小说家之一。其代表作有布鲁人的起源(The Origin of the Brunists,1966)、全球棒球协会(The Universal Baseball Association,JHenry Waugh,Pr
21、op,1968)、保姆(The Babysitter,1969)、 公众的燃烧(The Public Burning,1977)、 约翰的妻子(John“s Wife,1996)。他的小说充满实验性,在变型的故事叙述中极大地扩张了痛苦和快乐、绝望和希望、想象与现实、作家与文本及隐喻的关系。21.Rabbit, Run(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A novel written by John Updike)解析:解析:约翰厄普代克(John Updike),1932-2009,美国小说家、诗人。其代表作为“兔子”四部曲兔子,快跑(Rabbit,Run,1960)、 兔子归来(Rab
22、bit Redux,1971)、兔子富了(Rabbit Is Rich,1981)以及兔子安息(Rabbit at Rest,1990),记录了美国自二战后 40 年来的社会历史全貌,内容涉及越南战争、登陆月球、能源危机,有人称之为“美国断代史”。22.John Steinbeck(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:An American novelist whose masterpiece is The Grapes of Wrath.)解析:23.Henry David Thoreau(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:An American essayist whose ma
23、sterpiece is Walden; or, Life in the Woods.)解析:24.Orlando(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A novel written by Virginia Woolf.)解析:25.The Importance of Being Earnest(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:A comic play written by Oscar Wilde.)解析:26.The Angry Young Men (6 points)(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:The angry young men were a breed of
24、 intellectuals, including various British novelists and playwrights, who emerged in the 1950s and expressed scorn and disaffection with the established sociopolitical order of their country. Their impatience and resentment were especially aroused by what they perceived as the hypocrisy and mediocrit
25、y of the upper and middle classes. The catchphrase was first applied to John Osborne and extended to all his contemporaries who expressed rage and the persistence of class distinctions, pride in their lower-class mannerisms, and dislike for anything highbrow or “phony.“)解析:27.Avant-garde (4 points)(
26、分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:Avant-garde is originally a French military and political term for the “advance guard“, and extends since the late 19th century to the body of artist and writers who are dedicated to the idea of art as experiment and revolt against tradition.)解析:28.Dramatic Monologue (5 points)(分
27、数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:Dramatic monologue is a kind of narrative poem in which a single fictional or historical character other than the poet speaks to a silent “audience“ of one or more persons. Such poems reveal not the poet“s own thoughts but the mind of the impersonated character, whose personality
28、is revealed unwittingly.)解析:二、评论题(总题数:1,分数:2.00)29.Write a short essay (in no more than 200 words) about the basic features of Postmodernism. (13 points)(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:Postmodernism is a disputed term that has occupied much recent debate about contemporary culture since the early 1980s. As app
29、lied to literature and other arts, it means both a continuation of the experimentation championed by writers of the modernist period (relying heavily, for example, on fragmentation, paradox, questionable narrators, etc.) and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernism. The hallmark
30、of postmodern literature, and of postmodern art in general, is the erosion of the boundaries between “high“ elite, or serious art and “low“ popular art, or entertainment. Decidedly serious literary works now make use of genres long thought to belong only to popular work. A related phenomenon is the
31、development of numerous hybrid genres that erode the distinctions, for instance, between literature and journalism, literature and (auto) biography, and literature and history. Kurt Vonnegut, Thomas Pynchon, John Barth and Kingston Hong, to name a few, are generally considered as writers of the kind.)解析:解析:本题考查后现代主义(Postmodernism)的基本特征,后现代主义的概念比较宽泛,回答起来有一定的困难。后现代主义是一个从理论上难以精准下定论的一种概念,因为后现代主义理论家,均反对以