1、2002 年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：206.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）_A.When they will make up again.B.Why the woman doesn“ t want to talk to Lucy.C.What happened to Lucy.D.Why they were close friends in the past.A.She shouldn“t take it too seriously.B.She should have regular massage.C.She should exercis
2、e more and work less.D.She should exercise her neck and have physical treatment.A.She convinced the man to take medicine as his major.B.She asked the man to give a talk on medicine.C.She persuaded the man not to take medicine as his major.D.She gave a talk on medicine.A.Go to see an ophthalmologist.
3、B.Go to see a pediatrician.C.Go to see an intern.D.Go to see a neurosurgeon.A.She doesn“ t know Mary well.B.Nancy is the best nurse.C.Linda knows Mary.D.Nancy is not as good as Linda.A.$15.B.$56.C.30D.60A.In a waiting room.B.In a doctor“ s office.C.In a ward.D.In an elevator.A.She is on the wrong fl
4、oor.B.She does not know any nurse.C.She cannot find the immunization area.D.She received an immunization too late.A.Three years ago.B.This year.C.Last year.D.In December.A.It“s raining.B.She doesn“t like playing tennis.C.She doesn“t want to get sunburned.D.It“ s not a holiday.A.To do whatever the co
5、mmittee asks him to do.B.To make decisions in agreement with the committee.C.To run the committee according to his own ideas.D.To appoint the committee chairman himself.A.She is absent-minded.B.She is hostile.C.She is aggressive.D.She is controlling.A.She doesn“ t enjoy the film.B.The film is hard t
6、o understand.C.She saw the film from beginning to the end.D.She saw only the lastpart of the film.A.Courageous.B.Lazy.C.Curious.D.Cowardly.A.She“ s looking for her raincoat.B.She“ s soaking her clothes.C.She wants to close the window.D.She got caught in the rain.2.Section B（分数：10.00）_A.The person lo
7、ses all self-worth.B.The person possesses no spirit.C.The person cannot function as a part of a whole.D.All of the above.A.By working for an organization.B.By wearing uniforms.C.By being different.D.By driving the same car.A.To complain about communication and restaurants.B.To criticize government i
8、nterference in people“ s lives.C.To illustrate the impossibility of wearing uniforms.D.To predict the future fashions.A.Fashion industry.B.The image of an organization.C.Advertising industry.D.Entertainment industry.A.Individuality.B.Wholeness.C.Qualification.D.Uniformity.A.In the main lab.B.At a co
9、mputer terminal.C.In a small lab.D.Before the bulletin board.A.To discipline the students who have broken the rules.B.To explain why there are not enough computers.C.To warn the students about the problems with the lab.D.To explain the rules of the lab to the students.A.They are larger.B.They do not
10、 have strict rules.C.They give privileges to departmental majors.D.They are easier to use.A.No talking is allowed.B.Identification cards must be displayed.C.Food and drinks are not allowed.D.Computer science majors have priority.A.The assistants must know their names.B.They tell what their majors ar
11、e.C.Too many non-students use the lab.D.The computers require them to operate.A.Part of a medical textbook.B.A medical journal.C.Some microscope slides.D.The speaker“s current research.A.Reproducing themselves.B.Stretching and growing.C.Attaching themselves to muscles.D.Carrying messages.A.Elongated
12、 and stringy.B.Round and compact.C.Flat and transparent.D.Flexible and chainlike.A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.A.Sensory nerve cells.B.Motor nerve cells.C.Connecting nerve cells.D.All of the above.3.Section A（分数：2.00）_4.An enormous number of people in the world“ s poorest countries do not have clean wa
13、ter or adequate sanitation_.（分数：2.00）A.capacitiesB.facilitiesC.authoritiesD.warranties5.Family-planning clinics give out_ advice to people who have decided to limit the size of their families.（分数：2.00）A.insensitiveB.interrogativeC.contraceptiveD.communicative6.Caffeine is the_drug that will just abo
14、ut get you out of the door on time to catch the bus.（分数：2.00）A.miracleB.mythC.trickD.legend7.Today investigators are still far from_a master map of the vasculature of the heart.（分数：2.00）A.constitutingB.decodingC.draftingD.encoding8.I have never seen a more caring, _group of people in my life.（分数：2.0
15、0）A.emotionalB.impersonalC.compulsoryD.compassionate9.By the time I reached my residency, I_treating the patient as a whole human being.（分数：2.00）A.yearned forB.broke intoC.pass forD.made for10.We now obtain more than two-thirds of our protein from animal sources, while our grandparents _only one-hal
16、f from animal sources.（分数：2.00）A.originatedB.digestedC.deprivedD.derived11.Obesity carries an increased risk of_.（分数：2.00）A.mortalityB.mobilityC.longevityD.maternity12.The best exercise should require continuous_, rather than frequent stops and starts.（分数：2.00）A.compassionB.accelerationC.frustration
17、D.exertion13.Environmental officials insist that something be done to_acid rain.（分数：2.00）A.curbB.sueC.detoxifyD.condemn14.Section B（分数：2.00）_15.It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland.（分数：2.00）A.take inB.make upC.cut downD.bring about16.
18、To begin with, it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage.（分数：2.00）A.explainB.opposeC.representD.propose17.Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions and ideas.（分数：2.00）A.applicabl
19、eB.favorableC.sensitiveD.reasonable18.Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.（分数：2.00）A.observeB.appraiseC.appreciateD.induce19.Through live television, the world is now able to witness historical events as they happen.（分数：2.00）A.reserveB.confirmC.perceiveD.transmit
20、20.Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the country“ s economic problems.（分数：2.00）A.indefiniteB.indispensableC.infiniteD.insignificant21.I don“t know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.（分数：2.00）A.omittedB.fabricatedC.pinpointedD.embraced22.F
21、amily and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior.（分数：2.00）A.formulationsB.standardsC.principlesD.notions23.There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them.（分数：2.00）A.regainingB.relievingC.reversingD.rectifying24.To study the distribu
22、tion of disease within an area, it is useful to plot the cases on a map.（分数：2.00）A.markB.allocateC.eraseD.pose五、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your【C1】_of daily activity may change; you find yourself【C2】_and active in the middle of the night; you sl
23、eep late into the day, when most others are working. You stay in your room and have little contact with people【C3】_with those who speak your language. In your mind, you criticize the people around youthey are rude, loud, unfriendly, uninformed, concerned with insignificant things,【C4】_stupid; you co
24、mplain a-bout them to any friends you have. You become【C5】_when you can“ t go into a restaurant and order the type of food you really like; you get angry when the TV news contains mostly U.S. news and very little about events that are important to you. You are constantly making comparison between li
25、fe here and the perfect life【C6】_home. Above all, you are homesick almost all the time. If you ever find yourself behaving in ways【C7】_these, you are probably suffering from culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological【C8】_that sometimes has physical effects. It affects people who have moved away
26、 from an environment where they know how to live【C9】_a new environment where much is unfamiliar to themthe food, the weather, the language, and especially the【C10】_rules for social behavior that few people are consciously aware of.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.wayB.patternC.methodD.track(2).【C2】（分数：2
27、.00）A.sleepyB.happyC.awakeD.sad(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.forB.lestC.besidesD.except(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.merelyC.indeedD.rather(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.offendedB.uninterestedC.frustratedD.isolated(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.hereB.thereC.backD.away(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.the same asB.different fromC.similar toD.familiar wit
28、h(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.situationB.conditionC.reflectionD.position(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.inB.atC.withinD.into(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.unwrittenB.writtenC.spokenD.secrete六、Part Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Science is the 4-year pursuit of knowledge that every high school teenager must live through. I often ask
29、myself, when will I ever need to use this stuff when I grow up? The answer is clearly, probably never. I doubt that I will ever need to know the chemical formula of dichromate, or how to correctly identify a combustion reaction. However, where would we be today, without science? Without the great mi
30、nds of Einstein and Newton, where would we be? How would I be able to write this essay on the computer, if there was no science? Would I be alive today? Would humankind survive through the year and still be around today? Or would dogs be the masters of humans? Would we still be the dominant species
31、on the Earth? So many questions arise because the human race depends on the advancement of science. We are dependent on Nabisco to make that cookie you love, 99. 99% fat free, that video game company to come out with the anniversary game cartridge you want to play so badly, and that car company to a
32、lter the headlights of the car and call it the “new“ 98 car. Where would we be without science? We depend on our researchers to make new vaccines and our doctors to make us the way we want ourselves to be. We depend on them to make us “prettier,“ to perform triple bypasses, to make sure nothing goes
33、 wrong when they operate upon us. Doctors depend on science just as much as we depend on science. Lawyers are constantly depending on doctors not knowing their science so they can get rich quick. Just look how much our society depends on the advancement of science. Science, in a way, keeps our socie
34、ty from falling apart. In our society, science is everywhere. Science takes part in our everyday life more than we think. We need scientific progress so that we can simply make it through a day. When most people think of science, they think of it as a laboratory, white coats, and mixing all differen
35、t-colored chemicals until something blows up. But the fact is that science is a way of life and our future.（分数：10.00）(1).The author“ s probable answer to the question where would we be today, without science is_.（分数：2.00）A.it is hard to imagineB.we would be nowhere to findC.let“ s see what happensD.
36、not every question has an answer in the world(2).From the cookie to the car, the author is trying to tell us that science_.（分数：2.00）A.would be nowhere without humansB.is picking up its developing paceC.raises so many present problemsD.is shaping our world(3).The author implies that science_.（分数：2.00
37、）A.is making doctors and lawyers the richest people in our societyB.does not involve every professionC.needs us as much as we need itD.is benefiting everyone(4).The author seems to draw a conclusion that science_.（分数：2.00）A.does rather than it isB.is ubiquitous in our lifeC.does not exist in a labor
38、atoryD.is not appreciated in the public(5).The author is most probably_.（分数：2.00）A.a studentB.a sociologistC.a professor of scienceD.a free-lance writer of scienceOsteoporosis used to be called “the silent disease“ because its victims didn“ t know they had it until it was too late and they suffered
39、a bone fracture. Today, doctors can identify osteoporosis early. Improved understanding of the disease has also led to new treatments and strategies for preventing the disease altogether. For post-menopausal women, the most common medical response to osteoporosis is hormone replacement therapy. Boos
40、ting estrogen levels strengthens the entire skeleton and reduces the risk of hip fracture. Unfortunately, it sometimes causes uterine bleeding and may increase the risk of breast cancer. To bypass such side effects, researchers have developed several alternative treatments. Synthetic estrogens calle
41、d Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators(SERMs)emulate estrogen with slight modifications. Another drug, alendronate, reduces spine, hip and wrist fractures by 50 percent. Researchers have even developed a nasal spray called calcitonin. Each of these alternatives has trade-offs, however. Patients mu
42、st talk with their doctors to decide which therapy is best for them. The ideal way to address osteoporosis is by adopting a healthy lifestyle. And the best time to do this is in childhood, when most bone mass is accumulated. Because bodies continue building bone until about age thirty, some experts
43、believe that women in their twenties can still increase their bone strength by as much as 20 percent. Calcium, which is available in low-fat dairy foods and dark green vegetables, is essential for preventing osteoporosis. So is vitamin D, which aides calcium absorption. Vitamin D comes from sunlight
44、, but dietary supplements may be helpful in northern climates and among those who don“ t get outside. The final component is regular moderate exercise because bone responds to the needs that the body puts on it. These are the simple steps that can help make “the silent disease“ truly silent.（分数：10.0
45、0）(1).Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis_.（分数：2.00）A.used to be effective in post-menopausal womenB.is most frequently prescribed by doctorsC.works perfectly on post-menopausal womenD.is most likely to be avoided for its side effects(2).The best treatment for osteoporosis, according to the
46、 passage, _.（分数：2.00）A.is Selective Estrogen Receptor ModulatorsB.is chosen by the patientC.possesses no side effectsD.is of individuality(3).To prevent osteoporosis, a healthy lifestyle should be adopted_.（分数：2.00）A.as early as in childhoodB.when one is in his twentiesC.after bone mass accumulation
47、 stopsD.as soon as osteoporosis is diagnosed(4).By making “the silent disease“ truly silent, the author means that the actions suggested_.（分数：2.00）A.can be the best therapy for osteoporosisB.can help eradicate osteoporosisC.can help prevent osteoporosisD.all of the above(5).The author of this passag
48、e focuses on the_of osteoporosis.（分数：2.00）A.alternative treatmentB.early diagnosisC.treatment and preventionD.resulting damagesIf you are caught in a downpour, it is better to run for shelter than walk, researchers in the US advise. This may sound obvious, but an earlier study in Britain suggested that you would get just as wet running as walking. In 1995, Stephen Belcher of the Universi
