1、2001年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：208.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Section A_A.It s a symbol of strength and courage.B.It s a symbol of power and independence.C.It s a symbol of competence and courage.D.It s a symbol of strength and confidence.A.The polluted fish killed 3,000 of them.B.Insects poisoned so many of them.C.P
2、ollution greatly reduced their number.D.Pesticides made them extinct.A.The bird is not adored any more.B.The bird does not eat the poisonous fish.C.The bird begins to lay fewer and fewer eggs.D.Measures are being taken to save the bird. Talk TwoA.To go sightseeing in the town-center.B.To lose his wa
3、y intentionally.C.To pay a visit to the suburbD.To wander about the streetsA.To know more of the city.B.To practise the language.C.To get to know his way around the suburb.D.To while away the hours.A.He was unable to find his way back.B.A policeman could help him with his problem.C.He failed to comm
4、unicate with the policeman.D.All of the above.A.The policeman showed him the railway station.B.He found the place where he lived.C.He was misled to a wrong place.D.He decided to stay in the country. Talk ThreeA.A case of active euthanasia.B.A case of passive euthanasia.C.A case of prostate cancer.D.
5、A case of community medical service.A.His prostate cancer.B.The right time.C.His wife s idea.D.Three signatures.A.Painfully.B.Apathetically.C.Peacefully.D.Angrily.2.Section B（分数：16.00）_Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the resu
6、lts can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always【B1】_for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds【B2】_by industrywhich is naturally far more concerned with【B3】_because the
7、se increase profits quicklythe funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its over-all research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to【B4】_Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, “ Developmen
8、t will【B5】_prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making【B6】_will be lost. Unfortunately , pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon【B7】_science, tend to【B8】_the quality of the nation s technology in
9、 the long run, rather than to improve it.“（分数：16.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）_(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）_(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）_(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）_三、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：2.00)3.Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a
10、summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article. 尽管冬季寒冷，但是仍需进行必要的体育锻炼。寒冷的气候条件下进行体育锻炼，一定要注意自我保健，否则，会适得其反，冻坏身体。冬季体育锻炼项目主要有滑冰、滑雪、晨练、冬泳等，下面结合冬季气候作介绍。 首先是着装问题。服装的隔热值必须与运动中增强的代谢产热过程平衡。在冷天中多穿衣服，衣服在皮肤之外包住一层温暖的空气，使传导散热过程减弱。但在运动时，机体的产热大大增加，如果穿得
11、过多，反而有害，应穿轻便的衣服。这样在运动中产热增加时，可以方便地脱掉。近年来服装制造商在发展轻质服装方面不断改进，这样可以保证良好的隔热性，同时又保证了活动的自由性。 在寒冷环境下运动时，机体能量代谢增强，产热增加，此时机体血管扩展，大大降低了身体对寒冷的抵抗能力。因此，在运动间隙要特别注意保暖，及时加衣。寒冷环境中运动时能量消耗大，代谢水平高，使身体内的能源物质消耗增多，在代谢过程中还需要各种维生素的参与，如维生素 B 1 、B 2 、B 3 、烟酸、维生素 C等需求增加。 因此，对于从事滑冰、滑雪及在寒冷环境下锻炼者的膳食。应注意增加较多的热量。一般来说，冬季比春季从事同等强度的运动热量
12、消耗高 10左右。据测算，一个成年人两小时的滑冰练习可增加消耗 10001500千卡热量。在三大物质的比例中，因脂肪具有产热量多的特点，且增加脂肪有助于机体御寒，故应适当增加脂肪的供能比例，一般可占全部热量的 25一 30；而蛋白质也应偏高，占 12一 18；其余由糖来供给。体育运动者按每天消耗 3500卡热量计算，蛋白质约需 130克，脂肪150克，糖约 480克，相当于每天应摄入米饭或馒头 600克左右，鸡肉 100克，瘦猪肉 200克，鸡蛋两个，牛奶两杯，植物油 50克等。 冰雪项目锻炼中，膳食中维生素也应相应增加，维生素 C能增强人体对寒冷的适应能力。据文献，摄入大量维生素可明显减少寒
13、冷环境中的体温下降幅度，缓解机体肾上腺的过度应激反应，增加机体耐寒能力。 冬泳是我国北方的一大特色，冬泳健身在理论上有其科学性，但冬泳毕竟是一项冒险的运动，必须掌握科学的方法。反之，就会影响身体健康，甚至诱发疾病。一是冬泳锻炼应从秋季的冷水浴开始，逐渐提高对寒冷的适应能力；冬泳期间应加强高能量饮食的补充，冬泳前不要喝酒；对于心、肝、肾有严重疾病的人或脑血管病、溃疡、关节炎患者，以及妇女在月经期均不宜冬泳。 冬季有晨练习惯的人，遇大雾天，最好在室内进行，一是雾天能见度低，容易发生交通事故；二是冬雾中含有对人体有害的酸和胺等污染物，吸人人体易引起气管炎、喉炎、结膜炎和一些过敏性疾病。另外，冬季晨练
14、应尽量用鼻呼吸，鼻道能对吸入的冷空气预热，鼻粘膜能阻止吸入空气中的灰尘。对于严重的疾病患者，冬天的耐寒锻炼更应适度。锻炼时应根据病情变化适当减少或增加幅度，以防旧病复发。注意循序渐进，掌握体育锻炼与药物治疗相结合的原则。在天气过于寒冷时，最好不要外出锻炼。（分数：2.00）_4.Section A（分数：2.00）_5.We are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly_.（分数：2.00）A.feedB.maintainC.absorbD.consume6.Pleasure, or joy,
15、is vital to_health.（分数：2.00）A.optimisticB.optionalC.optimalD.operational7.A_effort is required to achieve health.（分数：2.00）A.committedB.restrictedC.composeD.sophisticated8.A person s belief_and colors his experience.（分数：2.00）A.contradictsB.shapesC.summarizesD.exchanges9.Many professors encourage stud
16、ents to question and_their ideas.（分数：2.00）A.conveyB.voiceC.challengeD.confirm10.You are healthy when you are_your outer and inner environments.（分数：2.00）A.in relation toB.with regard toC.in contrast withD.in harmony with11.Good health is a spirited_of energy, smooth skin, strong, supple limbs, and a
17、positive joy in life.（分数：2.00）A.textureB.mixC.burstD.peak12.The_of emotional and psychiatric disorders that can prompt a person to seek therapy is wide.（分数：2.00）A.formulaB.coverageC.intervalD.spectrum13.Work is a_of satisfaction.（分数：2.00）A.measureB.terminalC.sourceD.resource14.If you _a heart-attack
18、 or stroke victim who needs your assistance, your first response should be to stay calm and urge bystanders to call for an ambulance.（分数：2.00）A.find outB.go intoC.pass byD.come across15.Today people still dont make health a(n)_because they have no time.（分数：2.00）A.privilegeB.issueC.principleD.priorit
19、y16.Mental exercise can favorably_the structure of the brain just as physical exercise can change one s bodily proportions.（分数：2.00）A.modifyB.adjustC.developD.contract17.The distinctions between the different schools and approaches are often very_.（分数：2.00）A.subtleB.sufficientC.superficialD.superior
20、18.Despite the limitations of a standard CT, it does a_job of picturing the internal anatomy of the body.（分数：2.00）A.supremeB.superbC.sufficientD.superfluous19.The city government is getting its residents to properly_their garbage.（分数：2.00）A.break upB.dispose ofC.check outD.hand out20.Section B（分数：2.
21、00）_21.The recent deterioration in the economy is of great concern to the government.（分数：2.00）A.depressionB.deficiencyC.degenerationD.deformity22.A substantial hike in the top rate of income tax would not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nation s already waning support.（分数：2.00）A.deprecia
22、tingB.warningC.decliningD.startling23.He was not conspicuously hairy nor shiny-bald, but his hair was graying and receding tactfully in keeping with his age.（分数：2.00）A.prominentlyB.warilyC.consciouslyD.conventionally24.The water company is obliged to maintain a supply of wholesome water.（分数：2.00）A.a
23、vailableB.hydraulicC.balancedD.hygienic25.Smoking makes one six times more likely to get oral cancer partly because the smoke constantly assaults the tissues that line the mouth and throat.（分数：2.00）A.detectsB.contaminatesC.occupiesD.attacks26.Most organisms must fit in with their surroundings becaus
24、e their skills to alter their environment are restricted and highly specialized.（分数：2.00）A.attach themselves toB.succumb toC.lean onD.adapt themselves to27.Instead of being recycled, garbage is left to accumulate in insanitary heaps which attract flies and spread infectious diseases.（分数：2.00）A.innoc
25、uousB.gatheringC.filthyD.inflammable28.The prevalence of highly intelligent devices has eliminated the handicaps associated with most disabilities.（分数：2.00）A.disadvantagesB.dispositionsC.disappointmentsD.discomforts29.In general, lasers operate by creating an intense amount of light and energy which
26、 is then converted into heat and used to control bleeding or destroy diseased tissue.（分数：2.00）A.developedB.reducedC.transformedD.decoded30.Shyness, the most common form of social anxiety, occurs when a person s apprehensions are so great that they inhibit his making an expected or desired social res
27、ponse.（分数：2.00）A.dischargeB.triggerC.restrainD.defer31.The secret to turning a daily stroll into a meaningful form of exercise is to pick up the pace.（分数：2.00）A.dilateB.multiplyC.accelerateD.enlarge32.How many people know that the term “arthritis“ may refer to dozens of different types of joint invo
28、lvement ?（分数：2.00）A.disorderB.knuckleC.dislocationD.therapy33.Smokers are more prone to osteoporosis, a major cause of fractures in old people, particularly post-menopause women.（分数：2.00）A.reliableB.liableC.reasonableD.compatible34.The project was hampered by a constant stream of visitors.（分数：2.00）A
29、.held upB.cut offC.carried outD.given up35.During the summer session there will be a revised schedule of services for the university community.（分数：2.00）A.termB.climateC.heatD.portion六、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the cl
30、assical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading“undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century,【C1】_silent reading become commonplace. One should be【C2】_, however, of assuming that silent reading came about【C3】_because reading aloud is a distrac
31、tion to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual【C4】_of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character. The last century【C5】_a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus i
32、n the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners declined, and【C6】_there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common,【C7】_came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libra
33、ries, railway carriages and offices,【C8】_reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and【C9】_whether the reading of material such as newspapers
34、was in【C10】_way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However,【C11】_its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership【C12】_. By the end of t
35、he century students were being recommended to【C13】_attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate,【C14】_not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered 【C15】_the term “reading“ implied.（分数：30.00）(1
36、).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.wouldB.shouldC.didD.could(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.waryB.awareC.sickD.thought(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.correctlyB.simplyC.amplyD.directly(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.modeB.modelC.mouldD.mood(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.sawB.watchedC.experiencedD.concluded(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.everB.thusC.evenD.for(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.how
37、everB.asC.soD.since(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.there(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.inC.againstD.over(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.noB.anyC.oneD.some(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.whereverB.whoeverC.whateverD.whichever(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.on the otherB.in the second placeC.on the contraryD.in hand(13).【C13】（分数：2.00
38、）A.adaptB.adoptC.consumeD.condemn(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.whetherB.thoughC.ifD.unless(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whatC.howD.why七、Part Reading Compre(总题数：7，分数：60.00)During the past 30 years or so, health care has increasingly become a form of business. In addition , the environment surrounding health care
39、 has been greatly altered by the advent of more sophisticated medical technologies and increased specialization. It is no longer true to say that doctors regard their profession as a sacred calling, and while the doctor-patient relationship still remains, it is not the relationship based solely on t
40、rust which it used to be. Of course there are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the transparency of their behavior as medical professionals, and patients can receive effective treatment when such doctors work closely together and share notes. An example of such cooperation can be found in
41、 the field of remote health care, which has been introduced on an experimental basis in several regions. Since most medical specialists live in cities, patients who live in the country have to travel a long distance to consult a specialist. This is especially hard on the elderly, both financially an
42、d physically. Through a computer network, patients who live in the country can consult a medical specialist in the city, tell him their symptoms, and receive advice without the need for a journey to the specialist s office. Also, with several doctors being assigned to a single patient, the transpare
43、ncy of each doctor s behavior is further ensured. On the other hand, however, it is also true that remote health consultation is not generally regarded as a form of medical treatment. For any sort of consultation to be regarded as medical treatment, most people feel that the patient must actually vi
44、sit the doctor, and undergo an examination by the doctor in person. Remote health care is essentially a means for doctors to work as a team. In order for this to be practicable, it is important to establish a system whereby financial support can be extended to a doctor who, as a member of a medical
45、team, provides only information. Establishment of such a system will further advance the cause of “ free access to information“ in the health care field.（分数：10.00）(1).Which is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Doctors; Patients Reliable FriendsB.Health Care in a DilemmaC.Information Technology Applied to Medical ServicesD.Doctor-patient Relationships(2).As a result of the altered environment surrounding health care,
