1、高级英语自考题-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：1，分数：24.00)The following paragraphs are taken from the textbook, followed by a list of words or expressions. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences.Just as there can be culpable U U 1 /U /U, so too can there be blameless arts. Supposeto
2、 take an example from the moral philosophy booksthat a man U U 2 /U /Uto gain from the death of a certain child. The child strikes his head in the bath and falls U U 3 /U /U. The man sits down and watches him drown. The fact that the man has performed no action does not U U 4 /U /Uhim. Similarly, su
3、ppose that a doctor does no wrong by U U 5 /U /Usome treatment in order that death should come sooner rather than later. Is he then necessarily wrong if he U U 6 /U /Uenough pain-killers to kill? Does the fact that the doctor performed an action, rather than an omission, U U 7 /U /Uhim? Many doctors
4、 working on the battlefield of U U 8 /U /Usuffering think that only U U 9 /U /Udemands a firm difference between passive and active euthanasia U U 10 /U /U. Their argument for killing goes like this: one of a doctors duties is to U U 11 /U /Usuffering; sometimes that is all there is left for him to
5、do, and killing is the only way to do it. There is nothing new in this view. When Hippocrates U U 12 /U /Uhis oath for doctors, which explicitly U U 13 /U /Uactive killing, most other Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed with his U U 14 /U /U.Yet if a patients philosophical views U U 15 /U /Ueuthana
6、sia, it is not clear why the religious objections of others should U U 16 /U /Uhis death. Another worry is that a legal framework for euthanasia, permitting a doctor to U U 17 /U /Ua dying mans request in a U U 18 /U /Uset of circum- stances, might U U 19 /U /Udangers for society by setting a U U 20
7、 /U /Ufor killing. That depends on the society. Holland, U U 21 /U /U, is ready for it. It is probably no U U 22 /U /Uthat it was Dutch doctors who most heroically resisted U U 23 /U /Uto join in the Nazi medical atrocities that have given U U 24 /U /Uits worst name.A. withholding B. embrace C. comp
8、ly with D. excuseE. prescribed F. unconscious G. stands H. condemnI. terminal J. rules out K. intrude on L. administersM. prevent N. squeamishness O. on request P. formulatedQ. precedent R. coincidence S. ban T. poseU. omissions V. arguably W. pressure X. euthanasia（分数：24.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
9、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、B(总题数：7，分数：7.00)1.Because voluntary euthanasia is taboo, a doctor makes the decision himselfand the patient is killed _ in the night with a syringe. That
10、is one price of keeping euthanasia secret._ A. voluntary B. volunteer C. involunteers D. involuntarily（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The farmers _ from the contest aroused heated debates. A. omission B. exclusion C. inclusion D. emission（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.How long can the distinction between killing and letting
11、 die _ out? A. hold off B. held C. hold D. holding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.When Hippocrates formulated his _ for doctors, which explicitly rules out active killing, most other Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed with his ban. A. owe B. oath C. own D. load（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The child strikes his head in t
12、he bath and falls unconscious. The man sits down and watches him _. A. brown B. draw C. drown D. drawn（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.West Germany, by _, will not be able to legalize any form of euthanasia for a long time to come. A. contrast B. contract C. contest D. context（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The same _ respect
13、 for individual liberty that stopped them killing healthy people, who did not want to die, now lets them help dying people who do. A. tendency B. tend C. tenacious D. intend（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B(总题数：1，分数：48.00)The Lost Art of Conversation(1)What has happened to the art of conversation? By conversatio
14、n I am not thinking merely of words between individuals. I am thinking of one of the highest manifestation of the use of human intelligencethe ability to transform abstractions into language; the ability to convey images from one mind to another; the ability to build a mutual edifice of ideas. In sh
15、ort, the ability to engage in a civilizing experience.(2)But where does one find good conversation these days? Certainly not in the presence of the television set, which consumes half the average Americans non-sleeping, nonworking hours. Much of the remaining free time is given to games. No matter h
16、ow rewarding “bridge talk“ may be, it is not conversation. Neither is chatter.(3)What makes good conversation? In the first place, it is essentially a mutual search for the essence of things. It is a Uzestful transaction/U, not a briefing or a lecture. Pushkin correctly identified the willingness to
17、 listen as one of the vital ingredients of any exchange. When two people are talking at the same time, the result is not conversation but a collision of decibels.(4)Nothing is more destructive of good talk than for one participant to hold the ball too long, like an overzealous basketball dribbler pl
18、aying to the gallery and keeping it away from everyone else. Pity the husband or wife with a garrulous mate who insists on talking long past the point where he or she has anything to say.(5)To be meaningful, a conversation should head in a general direction. It need not to be artfully plotted to arr
19、ive at a predetermined point, but it should be gratefully kept on courseguided by many unforeseen ideas.(6)It has been said that if speech is silver, silence is golden. Certainly silence is preferable, under most circumstances, to inconsequential chitchat. Why is it then that so many people, when th
20、ey are with others, are discomfited by the absence of human sound waves? Why are they not willing merely to sit with each other, silently enjoying the unheard but real linkages of congeniality and understanding? Why arent people content to contemplate a lovely scene or read together in silence? “Mad
21、e conversation“ should not be a necessity among intimates. They know whether the weather is good or bad; are as well or poorly informed about current events. If there is nothing to saydont say it.(7)It is true that strangers meeting for the first time seem to feel uncomfortable if they do not engage
22、 in small talk to relieve their mutual awkwardness. This is the scourge of the cocktail party, but is necessary if strangers are Uto size each other up/U. Usually, however, this is harmless. In desperation one seeks an artificial gambit. I remember one from an English girl: “Oh, I say, are you frigh
23、tfully keen on cats and dogs?“ Unfortunately I wasnt.(8)UThere is disease shared by many, particularly with new acquaintances/U, that leads to “dropping names“ or “colleges“. This is often a useful device, since a common friend or university experience can be a helpful point of departure for convers
24、ation leading to better understanding. It is, however, more often woefully abused as a means of showing off.(9)Genealogical topics should also be avoided. The danger of boring ones conversation partner and of becoming self-serving is far too great. In the first place, others dont really care about y
25、our ancestors. They know, as you should, that everyone has quite a variety ranging all the way from bums to princes. If one goes back 8 generations, one has 256 forebears. How easy to pick out the one who glitters most as your claim to fame! Even the one who gave you your name is still only one in 2
26、56.(10) Cocktail-party necessities aside, however, some elementary rules for conversation are well worth our consideration. In the first place, certain subjects should be taboo in any general conversation. Kitchen topicsthe best cleansers, recipes, and troubles with servantsshould certainly be limit
27、ed to interested women. Straight man talk, such as business, golf, and hunting exploits, may be permissible in board or locker rooms but should be taboo in general discussion, along with bus schedules and all other dull or specialized things. One does not mention precise figures descriptive of ones
28、wealth or incomenot even an artful “The idea netted me something in six figures.“ The first digit was probably 1.(11)People even forget, Im afraid, that their illness and operations should be outlawed as conversational topics. Only if some relative asks you on a need to know basis, or a doctor is in
29、terested from a professional standpoint, should you ever volunteer anything about your ailments. Everyone understands this; yet it never seems to apply to you. Remember, even if its the most dramatic operation ever performed, it is not something to Ube offered gratuitously/U to friends at conversati
30、on time. They really dont want to hear about it.(12)There is also the conversationalist who must under every circumstance be right who always has to win the game. There are those of us who want to moralize. UThere is the intruder into emotional subjects/U like religion or personalities, the maliciou
31、s gossip. All should be inadmissible by any rules of good conversation. Vulgar words, even the four letter words, can sometimes be effectiveas in the English use of bloody. More often, however, they are in bad tastesparticularly when they conjure up a revolting image at mealtime. Shouldnt there be s
32、ome law against sonic pollution?（分数：48.00）(1).There are ten incomplete statements, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.According to the author, a conversation is _. A. a rewarding “bridge talk“ B. the ability to
33、 show human intelligence C. the talk show on TV D. chatting while playing a game（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is true? _ A. Games have consumed most of the average Americans free time. B. To learn something is the essence of a good conversation. C. One of the vital ingredien
34、ts of a good conversation is to instruct and moralize. D. One of the vital ingredients of a good conversation is to listen.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The main idea discussed in Paragraph 4 is _. A. the basketball players dont know how to talk B. the miserable life of the husband or wife with a garrulous m
35、ate C. the most destructive of a good conversation is for one person to talk all the time D. every basketball player wants to dribble the ball as long as possible（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “To be meaningful, a conversation should head in a general direct
36、ion.“? _ A. A meaningful conversation should cover most topics. B. A meaningful conversation should include some common topics. C. A meaningful conversation should embody some purposes. D. A predetermined point should be reached during a conversation.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to Paragraph 6, _.
37、 A. silence is better than talking under most circumstances B. sometimes “made conversation“ is necessary among friends to relieve the mutual awkwardness C. it is necessary to inform your conversation partner of the weather and current events D. most people tend to talk when they are with others rat
38、her than silently enjoy the real linkage of friendship（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(6).According to the author, what topics are proper for a good conversation? _ A. Ones income or wealth. B. Kitchen topics among interested women. C. Specialized things. D. Ones college experience among new acquaintances.（分数：3.00
39、）A.B.C.D.(7).Why should genealogical topics be avoided in a conversation? _ A. Because your conversation partner has more famous forebears than you. B. Because your conversation partner may think you are trying to pick out one famous forebear to show off. C. Because the ancestors of your conversatio
40、n partner range from princes to bums. D. Because your conversation partner has a shameful family history.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(8).In Paragraph 11, the sentence “Everyone understands this; yet it never seems to apply to you“ implies that _. A. nobody talks about their illness and operations B. we always
41、want to talk about our illness and operations C. nobody understands the topic of illness and operations D. nobody understands how important your illness and operations are（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(9).According to the author, _ is admissible by the rules of good conversation. A. always displaying your moral
42、rectitude B. keeping silent C. talking about ones hunting exploits in a locker room D. trying to inform your conversation partner of the current events（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(10).What can you infer from this article? _ A. A conversation bears similarity to basketball playing, which should be artfully plot
43、ted and carefully handled. B. To engage in a real and meaningful conversation is an artistic and civilizing experience. C. Kitchen topics should be avoided so as not to bother your conversation partner. D. Like noise pollution, sonic pollution can also do harm to peoples physical health.（分数：3.00）A.B
44、.C.D.(11).Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write your translation on your answer sheet.But where does one find good conversation these days? Certainly not in the presence of the television set, which consumes half the average Americans non-sleeping, non-working hours.（分数：3.00）_(12)
45、.When two people are talking at the same time, the result is not conversation but a collision of decibels.（分数：3.00）_(13).It has been said that if speech is silver, silence is golden. Certainly silence is preferable, under most circumstances, to inconsequential chitchat.（分数：3.00）_(14).It is true that strangers meeting for the first time seem to feel uncomfortable if they do not engage in small talk to relieve their mutual a
