1、高级英语自考题-12 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of minds or expressions marked A to Y. One mind or expression for each blank only.1)The need for laws on U U 1 /U /Ucannot be U U 2 /U /Ufor much longer.2)In one of the
2、worlds smaller countries, U U 3 /U /Uis accepted by the medical U U 4 /U /Uand U U 5 /U /UU U 6 /U /Ua few thousand times each year. U U 7 /U /Uone of the worlds biggest countries, euthanasia is U U 8 /U /Uby the medical establishment, U U 9 /U /Upractised many times U U 10 /U /Uoften, and almost ne
3、ver comes to U U 11 /U /U. Which U U 12 /U /Uthese countries has a mercy-killing doctor now U U 13 /U /Uin its U U 14 /U /U? It is the small one, Holland, which has U U 15 /U /Ufor euthanasia and so can police U U 16 /U /Ueffectively. The Dutch doctor U U 17 /U /Uhis countrys rules. There is a U U 1
4、8 /U /Uhere for all the U U 19 /U /U, and not just for the big U U 20 /U /Ucountry, America. Right now it is going over the U U 21 /U /Uabout euthanasia one again.3)Yet medical U U 22 /U /Uthat are hardly any better U U 23 /U /Ucontinue, almost as a U U 24 /U /Uof macabre routine, in America, Britai
5、n and many U U 25 /U /Ucountries.A. establishment B. secretly C. itD. dodged E. In F. lightG. undoubtedly H. openly I. languishingJ. practised K. matter L. ofM. countries N. condemned O. jailsP. euthanasia Q. mercy-killing R. brokeS. arguments T. moral , U. monstrositiesV. rules W. death-forbidding
6、X. moreY. other（分数：25.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.For this reason successful politicians are _ to be happier at the age of seven
7、ty than any other men of equal age. A. aptly B. apt C. apting D. apted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.But the press isnt the only party in this country thats guilty _ this rampant insensitivity. A. of B. with C. about D. towards（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.But often the face is not soft, often it turns _ to be imperfectly
8、 alive. A. in B. out C. back D. to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.All these three people _, and for a few seconds stared incredulously at each other. A. freeze B. frozen C. froze D. freezing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Between such peaks of challenge and elation there is _ and despair. A. triangle B. double C. monotony D.
9、 single（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.She sat at the window watching the evening _ the avenue. A. invaded B. invades C. invade D. invading（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Those newspapers and magazines _ the lowest and most evil feelings of their readers. A. care about B. call for C. cater to D. care for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Mo
10、st do not live long enough to be _ for the benefits of Social Security and Medicare. A. illegal B. legislation C. legal D. eligible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Mrs Hale said _, “there is a great deal of work to be done on a farm.“ A. dull B. stiffly C. happily D. sadly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.I guess John Wright d
11、idnt wake when they was that rope under his neck. A. tight B. slip C. tighting D. slipping（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.But I wanted to keep _ it, for the familys sake. A. out B. towards C. at D. in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.And it is a _ experience to have meals at the best big-city restaurants. A. troubling B. tir
12、esome C. gruesome D. happy,（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.By ordinary standards these are _ enough to qualify one as coming from Watts. A. prove B. credentials C. show D. attitude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.When salesmen are doing well, there is pressure upon them to begin _ better, for fear they may start doing worse
13、. A. did B. done C. doing D. do（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.I neglected the opportunity to throw them both down, which would have given me _ fame. A. motal B. immorality C. immortal D. motality（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Read the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items III
14、, IV, V.THE BREAKTHROUGHS IN MEDICINEby James V. MeConnell1)I read with great delight Uwis Thomas “The Medical Lessons of History“ (July 3). It is good to know that such a wise and scholarly physician believes that we can learn from our past mistakes, and that he has some hope for the future of the
15、medical sciences. It is a pity, however, that Dr. Thomas seems not to have learned the real lesson, that history offers usnamely, that the great breakthroughs in any technology are always preceded by a radical change in how we view ourselves, and how we behave.2)Take penicillin, for example. As Dr.
16、Thomas points out, its benefits were derived us for a decade after its discovery by Sir Alexander Fleming. Dr. Thomas holds the medical doctors failed to put penicillin to use because they “disbelieved“ it could do what plainly it did. Well, thats a nice way of explaining matters. But in truth Flemi
17、ngs colleagues ignored him for 10 years because they refused to accept scientific data showing that penicillin “worked.“ Just as a century earlier, the medical leaders in Vienna refused to accept Semmelweisss studies showing that the death rate for childbed fever could be cut from about 26% to about
18、 2% if the attending physicians would only wash their hands before delivering babies. In fact, medical doctors (like most of us) are highly reluctant to judge their actions solely in terms of the objective consequences of what they do. Like most other humans, MDs usually prefer that they be evaluate
19、d according to their intentions and feeling. Any reader who doubts my contention might remember that in malpractice suits, the physicians defense typically is, “I followed standard medical procedure,“ rather than, “I did what was necessary to cure the patient.“ Just ask your own family physician .so
20、me time what his or her own particular “cure rate“ is for a given medical problem and demand statistical evidence to back up the claim. My guess is that you will shortly be dismissed as a patient.3) As Dr. Thomas suggests in his article, medical technology is at another of those, difficult cross-roa
21、ds. For the medical profession has blossomed in the past 100 years by taking the viewpoint that most human woes and miseries are biologically determined. In fact, man is not a purely biological animal; we are social and psychological animals as well. The long-term medical “cure rate” for obesity is
22、less than 10%; the behavioral cure rate is about 60%. Yet most physicians continue to prescribe pills and fancy diets for weight loss, when what 90% of the patients need is encouragement in learning how to eat properly. These “cure rate“ data have been reported in dozens of scientific journals for d
23、ozens of years. Yet just a month ago a man I know informed me that his doctor had told him, “You are too damned fat. If you dont lose weight, youre going to die, and it will serve you right.“ Needless to say, the man became so depressed that he went on an eating jag.4) For almost a decade now, I hav
24、e been sending behaviorally trained undergraduates into hospitals to help physicians learn how to handle their patients in more humane, rewarding ways. We have demonstrated that we can take some of the most difficult patients imaginable and, using both love and behavioral technology, increase certai
25、n “cure rates“ dramatically.5)Most of our techniques involve rewarding patients for following good medical regimens and teaching patients how to handle their own emotional and behavioral problems. Since we have an example objective proof that our techniques save lives, youd think that the medical pr
26、ofession would be beating down our doors asking us to teach them our skills. Alas, what we get mostly is the response “This patient is a medical case, not a psychiatric problem, and only pills and surgery will help. “6)Despite what Dr. Thomas has said, the next great leap forward will come when medi
27、cal students are routinely taught that the way they act toward the patientand the way the patient is taught to think, feel, and behaveare as important in achieving a lasting “cure“ as are drugs and surgical procedures. Thats the real “medical lesson of history“. I do hope that Dr. Thomas and his col
28、leagues learn that fact before its too late.In this section, there are ten incomplete starts or questions, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. （分数：20.00）(1).The authors main purpose in his reply to the Thomas article is _. A. he wanted to avail of this good opportunity to praise Thomas fo
29、r his wisdom and his faith in medical sciences B. he wanted to support Thomas idea that the “great breakthroughs“ in any technology will happen after there is a radical change in our views and our consequent behaviors C. he wanted to express his view that there are social and psychological factors i
30、nvolved in the treatment of disease than biological factors D. he wanted to show his optimism about breakthroughs in medicine（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From this passage, we know that medical doctors are most concerned with _. A. their “cure rate” of a certain disease B. whether they have followed the sta
31、ndard procedure C. whether they followed good medical regimens D. teaching patients how to handle their own emotional and behavioral problems（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).From the passage we can guess the word “surgery“ means _. A. a medical treatment B. the place where operations are done C. a resting place
32、 for doctors and nurses D. a regular period when people can see a doctor（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The long-term medical “cure rate“ for obesity is less than 10%; but the behavioral cure rate about 60%. That is because _. A. the physicians dont proscribe proper medicines B. the physicians are all not prop
33、erly educated C. the physicians dont care about the patients health at all D. the physicians only use medicine instead of giving love and taking behavioral technology（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In treating a patient, McConnell holds the belief that _. A. doctors should follow the medical procedure as possi
34、ble as they can B. doctors should be tough on their patients and even swear at them if they fail to obey their orders C. doctors should conceal the knowledge of illness from their patients D. doctors should establish good relationship with their patients so as to help them get well（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(
35、6).The medical profession had developed in the past 100 years because _. A. its well believed that most humans woes and miseries are determined by god B. its well believed that most humans woes and miseries are determined by their emotion C. most people believe that their woes and miseries are deter
36、mined by their behaviors D. the physicians take the view that humans woes and diseases are biologically determined（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(7).How do medical doctors respond to author and his students offer of help? A. Disbelief. B. Doubt. C. Acception. D. Rejection.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(8).Which of the followi
37、ng methods is behavioral? A. Prescribing proper pills to lower blood pressure. B. Helping patients to recognize and control stress-producing situations. C. Giving patients tranquilizers to reduce their anxiety. D. Maintaining good professional distance from a patient so as to remain objective.（分数：2.
38、00）A.B.C.D.(9).The author believes there will be great leap forward when A. the physicians are becoming too proficient in medical technique B. when the medical facilities are updated C. more efficient medicines are invented D. equal importance is given to the way the doctor act toward the patient an
39、d the way the patient is taught to think, feel and behave（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(10).The patient the author knows fails to lose weight because _. A. he indulges himself into sleeping after meal B. he eats more food than ever before C. he is keen on eating sweets and other kinds of fat food D. he was disco
40、uraged by the medical doctors words and began to eat improperly（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Translate the following sentences into Chinese.THE BREAKTHROUGHS IN MEDICINEby James V. MeConnell1)I read with great delight Uwis Thomas “The Medical Lessons of History“ (July 3). It is good to know th
41、at such a wise and scholarly physician believes that we can learn from our past mistakes, and that he has some hope for the future of the medical sciences. It is a pity, however, that Dr. Thomas seems not to have learned the real lesson, that history offers usnamely, that the great breakthroughs in
42、any technology are always preceded by a radical change in how we view ourselves, and how we behave.2)Take penicillin, for example. As Dr. Thomas points out, its benefits were derived us for a decade after its discovery by Sir Alexander Fleming. Dr. Thomas holds the medical doctors failed to put peni
43、cillin to use because they “disbelieved“ it could do what plainly it did. Well, thats a nice way of explaining matters. But in truth Flemings colleagues ignored him for 10 years because they refused to accept scientific data showing that penicillin “worked.“ Just as a century earlier, the medical le
44、aders in Vienna refused to accept Semmelweisss studies showing that the death rate for childbed fever could be cut from about 26% to about 2% if the attending physicians would only wash their hands before delivering babies. In fact, medical doctors (like most of us) are highly reluctant to judge the
45、ir actions solely in terms of the objective consequences of what they do. Like most other humans, MDs usually prefer that they be evaluated according to their intentions and feeling. Any reader who doubts my contention might remember that in malpractice suits, the physicians defense typically is, “I
46、 followed standard medical procedure,“ rather than, “I did what was necessary to cure the patient.“ Just ask your own family physician .some time what his or her own particular “cure rate“ is for a given medical problem and demand statistical evidence to back up the claim. My guess is that you will shortly be
