1、语言与文化自考题-5 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Language is _ in that it is rule governed.A. arbitrary B. vocalC. systematic D. symbolic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The relationship between language and culture is that _.A. language determines culture B. culture determines languageC. language and culture interact D.
2、language and culture are parallel（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.In its narrow sense “culture“ can be defined as _ of a population.A. concepts B. lifewayC. behavioral patterns D. social institutions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Language is used for communication in that communication is the _ function of language.A. primar
3、y B. firstC. unique D. personal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5._ meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes of language users are expressed.A. Affective B. ReflectedC. Collocative D. Conceptual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6._ is a ship in which a group of British Puritans sailed to America in 1620.A. The Revolut
4、ionary War B. Christmas RoseC. Congress D. The May Flower（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7._ is the leader of the British government.A. Prime Minister B. ChairmanC. President D. Queen（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called _.A. hamburger B. sandwichC. salad D. pudding（分数：1.00）A.B
5、.C.D.9.A meddlesome person who pries into others affairs is a _.A. self-made man B. busybodyC. ladies man D. do-gooder（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.In the United States, the _ Thursday in November is Thanksgiving Day.A. fourth B. thirdC. second D. first（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.According to the textbook, which of t
6、he following is NOT true?A. The western people are good at abstract thinking.B. The Chinese people are particularly good at artistic thinking.C. Abstract and artistic thinking are mutually exclusive.D. Abstract and artistic thinking themselves are not mutually exclusive.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.English g
7、rammar is often said to be _ because English frequently uses inflectional morphemes to indicate the grammatical relations between linguistic elements.A. paratactic B. hypotacticC. explicit D. implicit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.“2011 年 5 月 4 日上午 10 点“ can be translated into _.A. at 10 oclock of the morning
8、of 4 May of 2011B. at 10 oclock on the morning of 4 May, 2011C. at 10 oclock, the morning of 4 May, 2011D. at 10 oclock in the morning of 4 May, 2011（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.In the following sentences, which recipient in English becomes modifier in Chinese?A. It is raining.B. We all joined in the battle.
9、C. He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc.D. John hit the pickpocket on the head.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.In the following names, which one is associated with Christianity?A. Joseph. B. Daisy.C. Ivy. D. Henry.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.In England, if you want to gain the attention of a stranger, the proper expr
10、ession you can use is “_“.A. Hi B. HelloC. Miss/Mister D. Excuse me（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.When youd like to make a reply to the thanks from others, you may say “_.“A. Its my pleasure B. No. Youre too politeC. Its my duty D. No（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.If someone says “You played very well in the game today.
11、“ one may respond with “_“A. Yes, I do think so. B. I was lucky you like it.C. Thank you. So did you. D. Do you really think so?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Which of the following is used when one fails to catch what the speaker has said?A. Excuse me. B. Im sorry.C. Keep nodding. D. I beg your pardon.（分数：1.0
12、0）A.B.C.D.20.English speakers normally give only small gifts to _ on his or her birthday.A. a good friend B. a new acquaintanceC. a casual friend D. a public servant（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21._ are some important properties of language.A. Systematic B. Human specificC. Vocal D. A set of symbols（分数：1.00）A.B
13、.C.D.22.The several models for the analysis of culture contain _.A. Key Questions B. the Thematic modelC. Seven Facets D. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.“Pudding“ is a sweet dish typically composed of _, boiled or steamed.A. fruit B. flourC. fish D. fat（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The words pejora
14、tive in meaning in Chinese but positive in English are _.A. communism B. sexyC. ambitious D. propaganda（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Many English words refer to the historical aspects of English culture, such as _.A. reformation B. lynchC. cocktail D. scalp（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.In terms of English onomatopoeic
15、words, which of the following statements can be regarded as the truth?A. They can be used as verbs, adjectives, adverbs and nouns.B. In fact they are used most frequently as nouns and verbs, the two most forceful word classes.C. Onomatopoeic words are small in number in English but they are very act
16、ive.D. The grammatical functions they can serve include the subject, the predicate, the object, the attribute and the adverbial.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.English has kinship terms and distinguishes some characteristics in relatives: _.A. blood relationship B. seniorityC. generation D. sex（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
17、28.When others say “You look very nice in this dress“ to you, you may say “_.“A. Thank you B. No, I dont think so at allC. Really? Im very glad you say like that D. Its very kind of you to say so（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.When introducing a man and a woman, we mention the womans name first unless _.A. the
18、man is much older than the woman B. the man doesnt like the womanC. the man is very famous D. the woman is very famous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.“_“ is an appropriate reply to an expression of gratitude.A. Dont mention it B. Dont say thatC. Its my pleasure D. Its my duty（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.Language is 1 in
19、 that there is no logical relationship between words and their meanings.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_32.The supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_33. 1 is the elected head of the government in the U. S. A.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_34.Conceptual meaning is the 1 a word conveys.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_
20、35.Language is the carrier and container of 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_36.“ 1“ is the translation equivalent of “social sciences“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_37.Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and 1 morphemes.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_38.The English equivalent of “红茶“ is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_39.Names in
21、clude given names, surnames, full names with or without a 1, and nicknames or pet names.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_40. 1 meaning or stylistic meaning is what a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_41.What is large C culture?（分数：3.00）_42.What is the conceptual diff
22、erence between “intellectuals“ and “知识分子“?（分数：3.00）_43.What are standard appellatives?（分数：3.00）_44.How do English speakers respond to compliments?（分数：3.00）_45.He is not a man to act rashly.（分数：3.00）_46.She is absent today because she is ill.（分数：3.00）_47.We know how to distinguish between friends and
23、 enemies.（分数：3.00）_48.男女老少都参加了战斗。（分数：3.00）_49.铁石心肠（分数：3.00）_50.人不犯我，我不犯人。（分数：3.00）_51.What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?（分数：10.00）_52.Discuss the word “privacy“ and the related individualism in English culture.（分数：10.00）_语言与文化自考题-5 答案解析(总分：100
24、.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Language is _ in that it is rule governed.A. arbitrary B. vocalC. systematic D. symbolic（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：主要考查语言的系统性特征。语言是由规则支配的。构成语言的成分须遵循某些特定的规则。人们必须讲遵循规则所构成的语言，否则，人们就无法进行交际，孩子们也不可能进行语言学习。因此，语言是系统的。2.The relationship between language and culture is that _.A. language determines
25、 culture B. culture determines languageC. language and culture interact D. language and culture are parallel（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：主要考查语言与文化之间的关系。语言与文化紧密联系，相互影响，相互制约。3.In its narrow sense “culture“ can be defined as _ of a population.A. concepts B. lifewayC. behavioral patterns D. social institutions（
26、分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：主要考查狭义上的文化的定义。狭义文化可以定义为一个民族的生活方式。4.Language is used for communication in that communication is the _ function of language.A. primary B. firstC. unique D. personal（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：主要考查语言的交际功能。语言的主要功能是交际。正是语言交际把社会的人聚集在一起。离开信息交流人类就无法生活，而这些信息主要是通过语言来传递的。因此，本题选 A 项。5._ meaning is
27、communicated when the feelings or attitudes of language users are expressed.A. Affective B. ReflectedC. Collocative D. Conceptual（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：主要考查情感意义。当语言使用者通过语言表达其情感和态度时，语言就传递了情感意义。6._ is a ship in which a group of British Puritans sailed to America in 1620.A. The Revolutionary War B. Chris
28、tmas RoseC. Congress D. The May Flower（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：主要考查和历史有关的英语词汇。“The May Flower(五月花号)”指的是英国清教徒移民之父(常指到北美大陆的第一批清教徒)于 1620 年横渡大西洋到北美洲所乘的船。7._ is the leader of the British government.A. Prime Minister B. ChairmanC. President D. Queen（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查和政治有关的英语词汇。Prime Minister(首相)是英国政
29、府的首脑。8.A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called _.A. hamburger B. sandwichC. salad D. pudding（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查和生活方式有关的英语词汇。salad(色拉)：西餐中的凉拌菜，特别是生的绿色蔬菜等，一般佐以拌色拉的调味汁(调味油、醋、芥末等)。9.A meddlesome person who pries into others affairs is a _.A. self-made man B. busybodyC. ladies man
30、 D. do-gooder（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：主要考查英语词汇与易被误认为是它们的对应词的汉语词汇的差别。“busybody”指探听别人的事情，爱管闲事的人。不译成“大忙人”，应译成“爱管闲事的人”或者“多事的人”，含贬义。10.In the United States, the _ Thursday in November is Thanksgiving Day.A. fourth B. thirdC. second D. first（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查反映英语国家节日的词汇。美国规定，每年 11 月的第 4 个星期四为感恩节(Than
31、ksgiving Day)。11.According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT true?A. The western people are good at abstract thinking.B. The Chinese people are particularly good at artistic thinking.C. Abstract and artistic thinking are mutually exclusive.D. Abstract and artistic thinking themselves ar
32、e not mutually exclusive.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查对思维的理解。思维是社会的产物，是文化的一部分。人们常说西方人在形式逻辑上受到比较严格的训练，因此擅长抽象思维。艺术思维是指专注具体形象的思维活动。人们常说中国人特别擅长艺术思维。但抽象思维和艺术思维本身并不是互相排斥的，西方人也会艺术思维，中国人也会抽象思维。因此，C 项符合题意。12.English grammar is often said to be _ because English frequently uses inflectional morphemes to indicat
33、e the grammatical relations between linguistic elements.A. paratactic B. hypotacticC. explicit D. implicit（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：主要考查对英语和汉语语法差异的理解。一般说来，英语语法是形合的，因为英语中多用屈折词素来表明语言成分间的语法关系。13.“2011 年 5 月 4 日上午 10 点“ can be translated into _.A. at 10 oclock of the morning of 4 May of 2011B. at 10 oclock o
34、n the morning of 4 May, 2011C. at 10 oclock, the morning of 4 May, 2011D. at 10 oclock in the morning of 4 May, 2011（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语和汉语语序的不同。“2011 年 5 月 4 日上午 10 点”用英语表达应该是“at 10 oclock on the morning of4 May.2011”。14.In the following sentences, which recipient in English becomes modifi
35、er in Chinese?A. It is raining.B. We all joined in the battle.C. He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc.D. John hit the pickpocket on the head.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查对受事语和修饰语(Recipients and modifiers)的了解。在英语中，动作承受者和动作承受的身体部位分别由作为宾语的名词和作为状语的介词短语来表述，宾语和状语都不能少。而在汉语中，仅用名词短语就可表达英语中用名词、代词或介词短语表达的意义。在“
36、John hit the pickpocket on the head. 约翰打中小偷的脑袋。”一句中，英语的承受者在汉语译文中成了修饰语。15.In the following names, which one is associated with Christianity?A. Joseph. B. Daisy.C. Ivy. D. Henry.（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语中姓名与基督教的密切联系。Joseph 是“上帝赐我一个儿子”之意，与基督教关系密切。Daisy(雏菊)，Ivy(常青藤)与花朵有关；Henry(家庭统治者)是与知识、权威、名誉有关的英语名
37、。16.In England, if you want to gain the attention of a stranger, the proper expression you can use is “_“.A. Hi B. HelloC. Miss/Mister D. Excuse me（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：主要考查英国人对陌生人的称呼方式。在英语中，人们一般用“Excuse me”或“I beg your pardon”来引起别人的注意，而不用任何称呼语。17.When youd like to make a reply to the thanks from oth
38、ers, you may say “_.“A. Its my pleasure B. No. Youre too politeC. Its my duty D. No（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语中对致谢的应答。英语中最常用的对致谢的应答语有“Not at all”，“Dont mention it”，“Youre welcome”，“Its my pleasure”，“Its OK”等。18.If someone says “You played very well in the game today. “ one may respond with “_“A. Y
39、es, I do think so. B. I was lucky you like it.C. Thank you. So did you. D. Do you really think so?（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查英语文化中对赞语的应答。赞许本身也可以用于应答赞语。如果有人说：“You played very well in the game to-day”，回答时就可以说：“Thank youSo did you”。19.Which of the following is used when one fails to catch what the spea
40、ker has said?A. Excuse me. B. Im sorry.C. Keep nodding. D. I beg your pardon.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：主要考查英语文化中的致歉语。在英语中，当人们没能听清对方说的话时，会说声“I beg your pardon”。20.English speakers normally give only small gifts to _ on his or her birthday.A. a good friend B. a new acquaintanceC. a casual friend D. a publi
41、c servant（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语文化中的赠送礼物。讲英语的人在许多场合都会互赠礼物，如在圣诞节或其他重要节日、在婚礼上、在同事退休时、在好友或孩子生日时、在婴儿出生时、去访友时、在朋友得到荣誉时等。不过一般情况下，好朋友之间都只赠送一些小礼物，如一张贺卡、一束花、一瓶酒或一瓶香水等。21._ are some important properties of language.A. Systematic B. Human specificC. Vocal D. A set of symbols（分数：1.00）A. B. C. D. 解析：本题主要考查
42、语言的特征。语言的特征主要有：语言是系统的；语言是任意的；语言是符号的；语言是有声的；语言是人类独有的；语言是用来交际的；语言是文化信息的载体和容器；语言是用来认识和描述世界的。22.The several models for the analysis of culture contain _.A. Key Questions B. the Thematic modelC. Seven Facets D. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis（分数：1.00）A. B. C. D.解析：本题主要考查文化分析的模式。文化分析的模式包括关键问题模式(Key Questions)、主题模式
43、(the Thematic model)、七方面模式(Seven Facets)。因此，A、B、C 项符合题意。23.“Pudding“ is a sweet dish typically composed of _, boiled or steamed.A. fruit B. flourC. fish D. fat（分数：1.00）A. B. C.D. 解析：本题主要考查与生活方式有关的英语词汇。pudding(布丁)是典型的西餐甜点心，用水果、面粉、脂肪在一起蒸煮；或者用面粉制成的糕点加水果来烤制或者用麦片加牛奶烤制，或者用奶油、牛奶蛋糊等制成。24.The words pejorativ
44、e in meaning in Chinese but positive in English are _.A. communism B. sexyC. ambitious D. propaganda（分数：1.00）A.B. C. D.解析：本题主要考查对词汇和内涵意义的了解。词汇的内涵意义因文化而异。大量英语词汇的内涵意义和它们的汉语对等词的意义是有差异的。sexy 指“具有联想或性刺激的”或“具有吸引或感兴趣的”。在英语中“性感”是褒义词；但中国性道德不同，自由的性道德是中国文化所排斥的。ambitious 指“渴望取得成功、荣誉、权力、名望等”。在英语国家的个人主义文化中，这些都被看作是人的优良素质，是褒义词；在中国集体主义或环境主义文化中，人们普遍认为谦虚是人的美德，中国人自然就不喜欢“野心勃勃”和“有进取心”的人。25.Many English words refer to the historical aspects of English culture, such as _.A. reformation B. lynchC. cocktail D. scalp（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D. 解析：主要考查和历史有关的英语词汇。lynch(私刑)，scalp(剥带发头皮
