1、语言与文化自考题-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Allusions are implied or _ references.A. direct B. meaningfulC. indirect D. complicated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.“_“ means “to have, show confidence or pride in ones worth, good character, ability, .etc“.A. To ride ones high horse B. To keep a straight faceC. Not to
2、bat an eyelid D. To hold ones head high（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The idiomatic expression “to move heaven and earth to do something“ can be translated into “_“.A. 费了九牛二虎之力 B. 进退两难C. 坐失良机 D. 昙花一现（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The proverb “Pride goes before a fall.“ is derived from _.A. Christianity B. the BibleC. Greco
3、-Roman Civilization D. geographic knowledge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.A _ is an implied comparison between two or more unlike things.A. taboo B. simileC. metaphor D. honourific（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.In English _ is usually associated with unhappy feelings.A. red B. whiteC. black D. blue（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The En
4、glish equivalent for “眼红“ is “_“.A. a white hope B. grey-headedC. pinkeye D. green-eyed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The English equivalent for “精力充沛的“ is “_“.A. red blooded B. red handedC. red alert D. red hunter（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9._ are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask h
5、arsh, rude or infamous truths.A. Honourifics B. MetaphorsC. Euphemisms D. Similes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.In the United States, the black people are often referred to as “_“ in which the colour of their skin that caused them troubles and sufferings is not mentioned in English euphemisms.A. niggers B. Neg
6、roesC. the black D. African Americans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.“久仰“ can be translated into “_“.A. Youre very famous B. Ive heard a lot about youC. Youre well-known D. Im glad to meet you here（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.In educational settings “depends on others to do his/her work“ is often preferred to “_“.A. che
7、ats in exams B. fails to do ones homeworkC. fails to do ones schoolwork well D. cheats in class（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.“Sanitary engineer“ is the euphemistic expression for “_“.A. garbage collector B. cleanerC. plumber D. gardener（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Frequent use of borrowings from Greek or Latin is one
8、of the outstanding lexical features of English for _.A. science and technology B. advertisingC. legal documents D. newspaper reporting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.One may find more _ in Chinese than in English in descriptive writing.A. adjectives and metaphors B. pronouns and adjectivesC. hyperboles and pron
9、ouns D. nouns and pronouns（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The distance zone ranging from 4 feet to about 8 feet is referred to as the _ zone.A. public B. intimateC. socio-consultative D. casual-personal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.In English letters, the date is put _.A. at the top right corner B. below the receivers ad
10、dressC. at the upper left corner D. above the signature（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.Only those collections of sentences that consist of sentences connected in certain ways can be regarded as _.A. texts B. paragraphsC. topic sentences D. context（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The _ in a news report normally represents br
11、iefly the five Ws: when, where, what, who and how.A. headline B. storyC. lead D. conclusion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.In English culture one can form an O with ones thumb and forefinger while stretching out the other three fingers to signify “_“.A. Its me B. Come hereC. OK D. Yes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.“A Pand
12、oras box“ refers to a present or something _.A. which brings happiness but looks uglyB. which looses a swarm of evils upon mankindC. which can create anything its owner wantsD. which seems valuable but brings misfortune（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22._ is used to refer to backward countries.A. Developing countr
13、ies B. Underdeveloped countriesC. Developed countries D. Old countries（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.“_“ is the equivalent for “请提宝贵意见“.A. Give us your valuable suggestionsB. Please give us your commentsC. WelcomeD. Could you give us your comments or suggestions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The sentences in a text may b
14、e linked by _ means.A. grammatical B. logicalC. lexical D. meaningful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.In English culture, “white“ connotes _.A. jealous B. deathC. innocence D. purity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.The logical relationships between adjoining sentences can be _ relations.A. descriptive B. additiveC. causal D.
15、 temporal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.According to its content, a letter contains _.A. the purpose of writing the letter B. supporting informationC. senders address D. a routine remark（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.British English is spoken in _.A. Great Britain B. AustraliaC. New Zealand D. America（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.
16、Body language refers to such meaning representing devices as _.A. facial expressions B. eye behavioursC. gestures D. postures（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.“Chewing ones finger nails“ signifies _.A. emotional stress B. worryC. not knowing what to do D. relaxation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.It has been claimed that Eng
17、lish texts develop in a 1 fashion, while Chinese ones develop in a spiral way.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_32.“Pay ones debt to nature“ is the euphemism for 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_33.The English equivalent of “内人“ is “ 1“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_34.“Beautician“ can be used as a euphemism for “ 1“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_35.“In the b
18、lack“ has a good meaning in 1 English.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_36. 1 meat is simply beef and mutton（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_37.In an English letter, the receivers address is put 1 the date.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_38.English speakers prefer to have prolonged 1 contact while conversing.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_39. 1 refers to communica
19、tion in which words or speech sounds are not used.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_40.“Im charmed by her“ illustrates the metaphor that “Love is 1./（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_41.What does “a nine to five job“ mean?（分数：3.00）_42.What does the expression “a white lie“ mean?（分数：3.00）_43.What are the five styles of language identif
20、ied by Martin Joos?（分数：3.00）_44.What is the definition of the word “advertising“ ?（分数：3.00）_45.God help those who help themselves.（分数：3.00）_46.Even reckoning makes long friends.（分数：3.00）_47.The greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.（分数：3.00）_48.功利婚
21、姻（分数：3.00）_49.他力大如牛。（分数：3.00）_50.赌博、女人和酒使男人在笑声中消瘦。（分数：3.00）_51.What is an idiom? And why are idioms hard for Chinese learners of English to understand and harder for them to use properly?（分数：10.00）_52.What are terms of humility? And what are the cross-cultural differences between English and Chinese
22、 in terms of humility?（分数：10.00）_语言与文化自考题-4 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Allusions are implied or _ references.A. direct B. meaningfulC. indirect D. complicated（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查典故的定义。典故在词典中的定义为隐含的(implied)或间接的(indirect)引用。2.“_“ means “to have, show confidence or pride in ones worth, good ch
23、aracter, ability, .etc“.A. To ride ones high horse B. To keep a straight faceC. Not to bat an eyelid D. To hold ones head high（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查关于言谈举止的英语成语。英语成语与英语文化密切相关，英语成语的意思不能按字面意思来解释。“to ride ones high horse”指“趾高气扬的，骄傲的，自豪的”；“to keep a straight face”指“憋住笑或不露笑容：即使感觉到好笑、疑虑、不信任等，也不表示出来”。“
24、not to bat an eyelid”指“对于发生的非同一般的事不表示惊讶、关心或警觉”；“to hold ones head high”表示“对自己的价值、素质、能力等的自信”。因此，D 项符合题意。3.The idiomatic expression “to move heaven and earth to do something“ can be translated into “_“.A. 费了九牛二虎之力 B. 进退两难C. 坐失良机 D. 昙花一现（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语成语。英语成语与英语文化密切相关，英语成语的意思不能按字面意思来解释。“t
25、o move heaven and earth to do something”与汉语里的“费了九牛二虎之力”以及“连吃奶的劲儿都使上了”意思比较接近。4.The proverb “Pride goes before a fall.“ is derived from _.A. Christianity B. the BibleC. Greco-Roman Civilization D. geographic knowledge（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语谚语的来源。圣经是最广为阅读的书之一，也是包括讲英语的国家在内的西方世界最有影响力的宗教作品。其中的警句、格言已
26、经成为谚语的一个重要组成部分。Pride goes before a fall 意为“骄傲是失败的前导”，是来自圣经的谚语。5.A _ is an implied comparison between two or more unlike things.A. taboo B. simileC. metaphor D. honourific（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查隐喻的概念。隐喻是两个或多个不同事物之间的含蓄对比。6.In English _ is usually associated with unhappy feelings.A. red B. whiteC.
27、black D. blue（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查颜色词的联想意义。在英语中，蓝色(blue)常表示不愉快的感觉。7.The English equivalent for “眼红“ is “_“.A. a white hope B. grey-headedC. pinkeye D. green-eyed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查颜色词的联想意义。在英语中，绿色常与嫉妒有关。green with envy, green eyed monsters 和 green-eyed 都指嫉妒，但汉语中却常用“眼红”和“害了红眼病”来比喻嫉妒。8.T
28、he English equivalent for “精力充沛的“ is “_“.A. red blooded B. red handedC. red alert D. red hunter（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查颜色词的翻译。red handed 是“现行犯的”，red alert 是“空袭紧急警报”，red hunter 是“迫害共产主义者的人”，只有 red blooded 是“精力充沛的”意思。9._ are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask ha
29、rsh, rude or infamous truths.A. Honourifics B. MetaphorsC. Euphemisms D. Similes（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查对委婉语的了解。委婉语是让人听起来悦耳、礼貌或毫无恶意的词或词组，用于掩饰那些刺耳的、粗鲁的言辞或不雅的事实。10.In the United States, the black people are often referred to as “_“ in which the colour of their skin that caused them troubles and suf
30、ferings is not mentioned in English euphemisms.A. niggers B. NegroesC. the black D. African Americans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：主要考查英语中的委婉语。许多英语委婉语用于指社会地位低下的人。在美国，黑人过去常被白人种族主义者称为 niggers。在那时，Negroes 就是委婉语，继而被 the black people 取而代之。现在他们常被称为 African Americans，这一委婉语掩饰了过去曾给他们带来许多灾难和痛苦的皮肤颜色。11.“久仰“ can be tran
31、slated into “_“.A. Youre very famous B. Ive heard a lot about youC. Youre well-known D. Im glad to meet you here（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：本题主要考查对敬语的了解。“久仰”可以被翻译成“Ive heard a lot about you”，“Your name is well-known here to us”。12.In educational settings “depends on others to do his/her work“ is often pref
32、erred to “_“.A. cheats in exams B. fails to do ones homeworkC. fails to do ones schoolwork well D. cheats in class（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查委婉语的用法。委婉语也常用于教育领域。为避免伤害学生和家长的感情，一些教师或教育工作者在谈及学生时，一般采用一些能够起到积极作用的表达方式，而不使用那些有消极作用的词语。the student who cheats in class(弄虚作假的学生)被称作 one who depends on others to d
33、o his/her work(靠别人做自己功课的学生)。13.“Sanitary engineer“ is the euphemistic expression for “_“.A. garbage collector B. cleanerC. plumber D. gardener（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查委婉语的用法。在现在的英语中，plumber(管子工)委婉地称为 sanitary engineer(卫生工程师)。14.Frequent use of borrowings from Greek or Latin is one of the outstandi
34、ng lexical features of English for _.A. science and technology B. advertisingC. legal documents D. newspaper reporting（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查对科技英语的了解。科技英语的突出特点是大量使用术语，而很多科技英语的术语都借自希腊文或拉丁文。15.One may find more _ in Chinese than in English in descriptive writing.A. adjectives and metaphors B. pron
35、ouns and adjectivesC. hyperboles and pronouns D. nouns and pronouns（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查在英语和汉语中描述性书面语的差异。在比较英、汉语的描写文中，汉语比英语辞藻华丽，富于夸张。汉语较多地使用形容词、副词，英语倾向于使用名词、代词、动词，且汉语多用比喻(暗喻、明喻)及夸张的手法。16.The distance zone ranging from 4 feet to about 8 feet is referred to as the _ zone.A. public B. intimateC.
36、socio-consultative D. casual-personal（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查体距。社交商议区指相距 4 英尺到 8 英尺的区域。这是美国人讨论业务时常保持的距离。同事们讨论学术问题也用这个区。17.In English letters, the date is put _.A. at the top right corner B. below the receivers addressC. at the upper left corner D. above the signature（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：主要考查英语书信的
37、格式。写英语书信时，日期应该写在信的左上角。18.Only those collections of sentences that consist of sentences connected in certain ways can be regarded as _.A. texts B. paragraphsC. topic sentences D. context（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：主要考查对语篇的了解。语篇中句子通常以某种方式连成一体，但并非所有句子的集合都能够成为语篇。只有按照某种方式连接在一起的句子集合才能算作语篇。19.The _ in a news repo
38、rt normally represents briefly the five Ws: when, where, what, who and how.A. headline B. storyC. lead D. conclusion（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查对导语的了解。导语一般包括五个 W，即 when，where(何时何地发生)，what(发生了什么)，who(有关的人物)和 how(事件如何发生)。20.In English culture one can form an O with ones thumb and forefinger while stret
39、ching out the other three fingers to signify “_“.A. Its me B. Come hereC. OK D. Yes（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查对标志类手势的理解。标志类手势可以完全代替词语。在英语文化中，当大拇指和食指形成一个圆圈，其他三个手指伸开时表示“OK”的意思。21.“A Pandoras box“ refers to a present or something _.A. which brings happiness but looks uglyB. which looses a swarm of evil
40、s upon mankindC. which can create anything its owner wantsD. which seems valuable but brings misfortune（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D. 解析：本题主要考查英语中的神话典故。a Pandoras box(潘多拉的盒子)：大量灾难的来源，源于主神送给潘多拉的一个盒子。主神禁止她打开这个盒子，一旦她出于好奇打开这个盒子，就会释放出许多邪恶，危害人类。22._ is used to refer to backward countries.A. Developing countries B. Un
41、derdeveloped countriesC. Developed countries D. Old countries（分数：1.00）A. B. C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语委婉语的用法。过去把那些时运不济的国家称为 backward countries(落后国家)，后来称为 under-developed countries(不发达国家)，现在又有了更好听的称呼 developing countries(发展中国家)。23.“_“ is the equivalent for “请提宝贵意见“.A. Give us your valuable suggestionsB. Please
42、give us your commentsC. WelcomeD. Could you give us your comments or suggestions（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D. 解析：本题主要考查敬语的翻译。“请提宝贵意见”中的“宝贵”只是用来表示礼貌或尊敬。这句话的意思是，任何意见或建议都将被认为是有价值的，都将被感谢，它不意味着只有那些有价值的评论或建议才能提出来。24.The sentences in a text may be linked by _ means.A. grammatical B. logicalC. lexical D. meaningful（分数
43、：1.00）A. B.C. D.解析：主要考查语篇中连接句子的方式。语篇中的句子可以通过词汇语法手段或语义手段来连接。25.In English culture, “white“ connotes _.A. jealous B. deathC. innocence D. purity（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D. 解析：本题主要考查白色的联想意义。在英语文化中，白色代表纯洁和清白。26.The logical relationships between adjoining sentences can be _ relations.A. descriptive B. additiveC.
44、causal D. temporal（分数：1.00）A.B. C. D. 解析：本题主要考查毗邻的两个句子之间的关系的种类。毗邻的两个句子之间的关系可以分为四大类：附加关系(additive relations)，转折关系(adversative relations)，因果关系(causal relations)和时间关系(temporal relations)。27.According to its content, a letter contains _.A. the purpose of writing the letter B. supporting informationC. senders address D. a routine remark（分数：1.00）A. B. C.D. 解析：本题主要考查书信的语篇结构。书信内容可分为三部分：写信目的，相关信息和常见套语。28.British English is spoken in _.A. Great Britain B. AustraliaC. New Zealand D. America（分数：1.
