1、语言与文化自考题-3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.“Culture“ is a loan word from _.A. French B. LatinC. Roman D. Norwegian（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.“Associate“ can be used together with _.A. professor B. presidentC. chairman D. general（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.A game played on horseback by two teams of players on a ground i
2、s called _.A. hockey B. rugbyC. polo D. golf（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.English speakers are direct people who tend to _.A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before peripheral meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holistically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.All l
3、anguages have _ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.A. generation B. subtleC. complicated D. kinship（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.In English speaking countries you usually introduce _, not the other way round.A. a man to a woman B. a woman to a manC. an old man to a young woman D.
4、 an old woman to a young man（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7._ can function as an appropriate reply to a compliment.A. “Thank you very much. I really appreciate what youve said. “B. “That would be very nice. Thank you very much. “C. “Its very kind of you to say so. “D. “Thank you. /（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The idiomati
5、c expression “between Scylla and Charybdis“ can be translated into “_“.A. 费了九牛二虎之力 B. 进退两难C. 坐失良机 D. 昙花一现（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The proverb “Bacchus hath drowned more men than Neptune. “ is related to _.A. navigation B. wineC. geography D. history（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.“ To kick the bucket“ means “to _“ .A
6、. die B. workC. play D. study（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.“Green“ connotes _ in English culture.A. prosperity B. immaturityC. maturity D. sincerity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.“A pedant or erudite female intellectual“ can be referred to as _.A. a blue ribbon B. a bluestockingC. a grey mare D. a greengrocer（分数：1.00）A.
7、B.C.D.13.“敬请指正“ can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “_“ in English.A. Id like to have your comments. B. Will you please point out my errors?C. Id like to have errors corrected. D. Ill gratefully expect your comments.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The helicopter raid to rescue American captives in Iran
8、in 1980 failed and it was called a(n) “_“ rather than a “failure“.A. incomplete success B. partial successC. intangible success D. mental success（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.“Damn“, “God damn you“, “Hell“, etc. are _ words in English.A. honourific B. euphemisticC. swear D. polite（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.English s
9、peakers expect to be immediately informed of _ the letter they have received is written.A. the purpose for which B. the reasons for whichC. the date on which D. the place in which（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.He saw a car accident when he was driving home. The sentence is connected _.A. hypotactically B. para
10、tacticallyC. in a parallel way D. Unreasonably（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of _ in words.A. “r“ B. “a“C. “wh“ D. “er/（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The brand name “_“ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but
11、pejorative in English culture.A. 青岛啤酒 B. 白象电池C. 泸州老窖 D. 菊花电池（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Gestures that are used to help explain the spoken words are _.A. regulators B. illustratorsC. adapters D. emblems（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The word “woman“ can be defined conceptually as _.A. an adult female B. bipedC. long ha
12、ir wearing D. prone to tears（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22._ are onomatopoeic words.A. Squeal B. MurmurC. Rush D. Click（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23._ is an allusion from a historical event.A. Newcastle B. MarathonC. Waterloo D. Paris（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The expressions “_“ in Chinese may correspond to the English idiom
13、“not to bat an eyelid “.A. 眼不眨，心不跳 B. 处之泰然C. 大处着眼，小处着手 D. 大吃一惊（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.“A blue fit“ is close in meaning to _.A. annoyance B. happinessC. satisfaction D. irritation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.“_“ is a euphemism for “death“ or “die“.A. Go B. Pass awayC. Fall D. Pay the debt of nature（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
14、D.27.If the sentences in a text are connected by _ means, we say that they exhibit cohesion.A. grammatical B. phoneticC. lexical D. meaningless（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.The English brand names _ are coinages.A. Trane B. PlaytexC. Pierre Cartan D. Crocodile（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.The important political partie
15、s in Great Britain are “_“.A. Labour Party B. Republican PartyC. Conservative Party D. Democratic Party（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30._ illustrates an additive relation between the two sentences.A. My client says he does not know this witness. Further, he denies ever having seen her.B. All the figures were cor
16、rect. Only I dont know how to play.C. “Shall we try another figure of the Lobster Quadrille?“ the Cryphon went on. “Or would you like the Mock Turtle to sing you a song?“D. Treating people as responsible citizens brings about the best in them; they behave as such. In the same way if you treat them a
17、s criminals they will soon begin to act like criminals.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31. 1 thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_32. 1 is an outdoor game, originating in Scotland and now very popular in English speaking countries, especially the United St
18、ates. In this game a small, white resilient ball is hit with a set of long-shafted club into a series of 9 or 18 holes up to about 500 metres apart from one another and distributed over a course of natural or artificial hazards.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_33.English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to ind
19、icate the 1 relations between linguistic elements.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_34.The kinship terms “grandfather“, “grandmother“, “grandson“, “granddaughter“ and others show that the distinction between 1 and maternal relatives is often ignored in English.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_35.The English expression “ 1“ is equival
20、ent to “秃子头上的虱子明摆着“ in Chinese.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_36. 1 refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resenting ordinary news m a sensational manner.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_37.In American English, the equivalent word of “通风“ is _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_38.Running a business 1 means running it at
21、a loss.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_39.A: Are you American?B: Yes, I am.The sentences in the above dialogue are connected by both grammatical and lexical means, so we say that they exhibit _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_40.The English equivalent for “跑表“ is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_41.How would you explain the statement that langua
22、ge is systematic?（分数：3.00）_42.What is the connotative meaning of the expression “a white elephant“ ?（分数：3.00）_43.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat“ ?（分数：3.00）_44.What is common core English?（分数：3.00）_45.Whats the majoritys view?（分数：3.00）_46.Never cast your pearls before
23、swine.（分数：3.00）_47.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.（分数：3.00）_48.易如反掌（分数：3.00）_49.树倒猢狲散。（分数：3.00）_50.这是城中出现的第三例天花。（分数：3.00）_51.How would you explain the fact that “greenhouse“ and its equivalent in Chinese “温室“ are formed differently?（分数：10.00）_52.What are the English expressions that h
24、ave been coined to avoid sexism?（分数：10.00）_语言与文化自考题-3 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.“Culture“ is a loan word from _.A. French B. LatinC. Roman D. Norwegian（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：主要考查对文化的了解。在英语中 culture 是拉丁语的借用词，该词的主要含义是“耕种土地”。2.“Associate“ can be used together with _.A. professor B. presidentC. chairman
25、 D. general（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查词汇的搭配意义。associate 可以和 professor，editor，director 等搭配使用。3.A game played on horseback by two teams of players on a ground is called _.A. hockey B. rugbyC. polo D. golf（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查与生活方式有关的英语词汇。polo(马球)指运动员在马背上进行比赛，两队各出 34 名队员，场地长 274 米，宽 146 米或 183 米。
26、队员用打马球的带有弹性的球棍击球，马球是用竹条或柳根制成，以打进球门得分。4.English speakers are direct people who tend to _.A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before peripheral meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holistically（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：本题主要考查对英语和汉语语法差异的了解。讲英语的人具有
27、直接性，他们倾向于直接表达他们的意见、感情和态度，总是将中心意思置于首位。5.All languages have _ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.A. generation B. subtleC. complicated D. kinship（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查对表示亲属关系的词的了解。所有的语言中都有表示亲属关系的词，并且至少区分亲属关系的三个特点：血缘关系、辈分和性别。6.In English speaking countries you usuall
28、y introduce _, not the other way round.A. a man to a woman B. a woman to a manC. an old man to a young woman D. an old woman to a young man（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：主要考查英语文化中介绍的习惯。按照英语文化的习惯，一般是将年轻人介绍给年长的人，将男士介绍给女士，将下级介绍给上级，将客人介绍给主人，将个人介绍给团体，一定要先说出地位高的人的名字。7._ can function as an appropriate reply to a com
29、pliment.A. “Thank you very much. I really appreciate what youve said. “B. “That would be very nice. Thank you very much. “C. “Its very kind of you to say so. “D. “Thank you. /（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查英语文化中对赞语的应答。在英语文化中，只要赞语不是明显地不符合实际，人们一般会表示接受。人们在应答赞语时往往只说Thank you。8.The idiomatic expression “betw
30、een Scylla and Charybdis“ can be translated into “_“.A. 费了九牛二虎之力 B. 进退两难C. 坐失良机 D. 昙花一现（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：主要考查对英语成语的翻译。“between Scylla and Charybdis”意为“处于两个危险的选择之间”。这个成语起源于希腊、罗马神话里的两怪 Scylla 和 Charybdis。这个成语和汉语成语“腹背受敌”和“进退两难”相对应。9.The proverb “Bacchus hath drowned more men than Neptune. “ is relat
31、ed to _.A. navigation B. wineC. geography D. history（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：主要考查与酒有关的英语谚语。“Bacchus hath drowned more men than Neptune”意为“酒比海淹死的人多”，由此可知，此谚语与酒有关。10.“ To kick the bucket“ means “to _“ .A. die B. workC. play D. study（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语中的委婉语。“to kick the bucket”是“去世、逝世”的委婉说法。11.“G
32、reen“ connotes _ in English culture.A. prosperity B. immaturityC. maturity D. sincerity（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语中绿色的联想意义。在英语中，绿色常与嫉妒、没有经验、知识浅薄、水果和园艺、精力和能量以及官方允许进行某一项目有关。prosperity“繁荣”；immaturity“不成熟，不老练”；maturity“成熟”；sincerity“真诚”。12.“A pedant or erudite female intellectual“ can be referred to a
33、s _.A. a blue ribbon B. a bluestockingC. a grey mare D. a greengrocer（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：本题主要考查颜色词的联想意义。a bluestocking 指“书生气的女知识分子”。13.“敬请指正“ can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “_“ in English.A. Id like to have your comments. B. Will you please point out my errors?C. Id like to have errors
34、 corrected. D. Ill gratefully expect your comments.（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语敬语的用法。“敬请指正”可以翻译成“Id like to have your comments on my book(work, etc.).”(这时常只是一种当你向别人出示自己作品或将作品赠送给别人时所使用的礼貌用语。)14.The helicopter raid to rescue American captives in Iran in 1980 failed and it was called a(n) “_“ rather t
35、han a “failure“.A. incomplete success B. partial successC. intangible success D. mental success（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语委婉语的用法。委婉语经常用于大众传媒领域，以替代那些在政治、社会经济和国际关系中出现的让人不愉快的字眼和表达方式。1980 年，营救在伊朗的美国人质的直升机空袭行动失利，被称为 incomplete success(不彻底的成功)而不是 failure(失败)。15.“Damn“, “God damn you“, “Hell“, etc. are _
36、 words in English.A. honourific B. euphemisticC. swear D. polite（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题考查对英语国家诅咒语(swear words)的了解。诅咒语在英、汉两种语言中都属于禁忌语。诅咒语相对来说更加伤人，因此社会对它们的使用限制得更加严格。例如：son of a bitch(狗娘养的)，这类词十分伤人。不过，像 Damn，Damn it，Damn you，God damn you，Hell(混蛋！他妈的！见鬼去吧)等诅咒语的语气稍微缓和一点。16.English speakers expect to be i
37、mmediately informed of _ the letter they have received is written.A. the purpose for which B. the reasons for whichC. the date on which D. the place in which（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：主要考查英语书信的语篇结构。绝大多数英文书信都是意图在先，相关信息在后。英语国家的人比较忙，他们希望打开信就能立即明白对方的写信意图，而极不喜欢写信人旁敲侧击。17.He saw a car accident when he was drivi
38、ng home. The sentence is connected _.A. hypotactically B. paratacticallyC. in a parallel way D. Unreasonably（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：主要考查句子的连接形式。句子的形合关系(hypotactic relations)指句中的各个成分通过接连词互相连接；而意合关系(paratactic relations)指句子中的成分不依赖连接词，而是通过并列、标点符号和语音语调来连接。所以，此处句子用“when”来连接，属于形合关系。18.The most striking phone
39、tic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of _ in words.A. “r“ B. “a“C. “wh“ D. “er/（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查美国英语和英国英语在发音上的区别。在美国英语和英国英语中发音不同的字母有 r，a，i，wh，er。但其中最突出的语音差异就是词中的字母r 的发音。19.The brand name “_“ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejora
40、tive in English culture.A. 青岛啤酒 B. 白象电池C. 泸州老窖 D. 菊花电池（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语广告与汉语广告在商标名称上的差异。一些在中国文化中是中性或褒义的品牌名称，在英语文化里则带有贬义，例如：“白象牌电池”和“蝙蝠牌电扇”。在英语里，white elephant(白象)指那些无用的、很少用的或太昂贵而不值得保存的东西。bats(蝙蝠)象征着盲目和疯癫。20.Gestures that are used to help explain the spoken words are _.A. regulators B. il
41、lustratorsC. adapters D. emblems（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：本题主要考查对手势的了解。手势是非语言交际的重要方面。可以分为标志(emblems)、说明(illustrators)、调节(regulators)、情感展示(affect displays)、适应(adapters)5 个类型。其中，说明(illustrators)是和语言联系密切，并协助说明词语含义的手势。21.The word “woman“ can be defined conceptually as _.A. an adult female B. bipedC. long hai
42、r wearing D. prone to tears（分数：1.00）A. B. C.D.解析：主要考查英语词汇的概念意义。woman 一词的概念意义是“成年女性，有双足和子宫”，这些都是妇女的生理特征。“留长发”、“爱哭”是其内涵意义。22._ are onomatopoeic words.A. Squeal B. MurmurC. Rush D. Click（分数：1.00）A. B. C.D. 解析：本题主要考查拟声词。英语和汉语中都有少量的模仿自然界的声音的拟声词。但英语和汉语中拟声词的构成方式有所不同。英语拟声词可以用作动词、形容词、名词、和副词。它们可以用作任何一类实义词，事实上
43、常被用作名词和动词这两类最重要的词类。此题中，选项中 A、B、D 都为拟声词。23._ is an allusion from a historical event.A. Newcastle B. MarathonC. Waterloo D. Paris（分数：1.00）A.B. C. D.解析：主要考查英语中的历史典故。历史事件和人物也是英语典故的来源。这些历史事件可能发生在英国或者其他西方国家，这些历史人物也可能是说英语的人或者说欧洲其他语言的人。Marathon(马拉松)：一种长跑，源于公元前 490 年希腊战胜波斯人的地方马拉松。胜利的消息是由一位长跑运动员传送到雅典的。Waterlo
44、o(滑铁卢)：最后的失败，人不能战胜的困难或障碍，源于在比利时的一个村庄滑铁卢所进行的战役。24.The expressions “_“ in Chinese may correspond to the English idiom “not to bat an eyelid “.A. 眼不眨，心不跳 B. 处之泰然C. 大处着眼，小处着手 D. 大吃一惊（分数：1.00）A. B. C.D.解析：本题主要考查有关言谈举止的英语成语的翻译。not to bat an eyelid 指“对于所发生的非同一般的事不表示惊讶、关心或警觉”。与汉语的“眼不眨，心不跳”或者“处之泰然”相对应。25.“A blue fit“ is close in meaning to _.A. annoyance B. happinessC. satisfaction D. irritation（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查有关颜色词的联想意义。露在非正式英语中，a blue fit 指“极为不满、震惊或气愤”。26.“_“ is a euphemism for “death“ or “die“.A. Go B.
