1、语言与文化自考题-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Language is _.A. the product of the human brain B. rule governedC. independent of culture D. the result of social institutions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.A hot, freshly cooked sausage sandwiched in a split roll of bread is called _.A. hamburger B. sandwichC. hot dog D.
2、 pudding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.“To throw in the sponge“ is derived from _.A. American football B. baseballC. horse racing D. boxing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.On the Boxing Day _ are traditionally given to dustmen, postmen and a few other public servants.A. cards B. flowersC. bottles of wine D. Christmas boxes（分
3、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The word “for“ in “It must be snowing, for it is so bright outside. “ shows that English is a(n) _ language.A. object prominent B. hypotacticC. SOV D. analytic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. English speakers have a relatively small range of possib
4、ilities to select from when naming their newly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The difference found in answ
5、ers to negative questions between English and Chinese demonstrates that _.A. English speakers are direct and Chinese speakers are indirectB. English speakers are individualistic and Chinese speakers are politeC. English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic languageD. Chinese speakers
6、 are strongly influenced by the environment, the way in which the question is formed, while English speakers are not（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The English titles normally precede _ rather than _.A. given names; surnames B. given names; full namesC. surnames; given names D. full names; given names（分数：1.00）A.
7、B.C.D.9.The proverb “Gossiping and lying go hand in hand. “ is derived from _.A. the Bible B. Greco-Roman civilizationC. Christianity D. geographic knowledge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.“Marry in May, repent always. “ is related to _.A. geography B. ChristianityC. individualism D. Greco-Roman civilization（分数
8、：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.In China _ is not advertised.A. sexual service B. foodC. medicine D. clothing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.In both English and Chinese _ may be associated with pride.A. owls B. bearsC. peacocks D. mules（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13._ refers to a secret organization of Italian criminals and blackmailers
9、 which operated in the U. S. A.A. Blackguard B. BlacklegC. Black flag D. Blackhand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.A “file clerk“ is often said euphemistically to be a(n) “_“.A. information director B. research consultantC. office executive D. assistant manager（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Honourifics are used to show res
10、pect to ones interlocutors and persons mentioned in conversations, while _ are used to show the speakers modesty.A. taboos B. complimentsC. terms of humility D. euphemisms（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.“圣上“, “陛下“, “贵府“ are Chinese _.A. humilities B. taboosC. honourifics D. swear words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.The te
11、rm “text“ refers to any piece of spoken or written language, which expresses a(n) _ meaning.A. complete B. incompleteC. regular D. irregular（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The first _ made in 449 B. C. had strong impact on the laws made later in most European countries.A. Roman law B. Napoleonic CodeC. French l
12、aw D. British law（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The word “_“ is American spelling.A. colour B. travellerC. metre D. defense（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.A large portion of brand names in English advertising are newly invented words or _.A. loan words B. technical termsC. coinages D. place names（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.Which
13、of the following proverbs are related to navigation?A. Great men are not always wise.B. An Englishmans house is his castle.C. Many drops of water will sink the ship.D. The good seaman is known in bad weather.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.“To miss the boat“ can be used to mean to lose the opportunity _.A. to d
14、o something B. to go touringC. to obtain something D. to go boating（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Which of the following statements is right?A. Hypotactic language is unambiguous and paratactic language is ambiguous.B. Hypotactic language like English relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.C. Paratac
15、tic language like Chinese never relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.D. Hypotactic and paratactic relations can be found in both English and Chinese.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The allusion “Venus“ refers to _.A. the planet second in order from the sunB. goddess of musicC. Roman goddess of loveD
16、. the Roman goddess of love and beauty（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.In English “black“ is often associated with negative qualities, as reflected in _.A. in the black B. blacklistC. in black and white D. a black sheep（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.“嫉妒“ can be translated into “_“.A. green-eyed B. red eyedC. green with env
17、y D. red look（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.Textual connectives that can be used to signify adversative relations may include “_“.A. yet B. becauseC. instead D. only（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.The words from British English are _.A. apartment B. flatC. chemists D. drugstore（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.In English-speaking count
18、ries, _ are frequently advertised.A. medicines B. domestic serviceC. sexual service D. cigarette（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Meaning is conveyed not only by words but also by nonverbal communication systems, including _.A. kinesics B. eye contactC. proxemics D. clothing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.The famous saying o
19、f Shakespeare that a rose by any other name would smell as sweet can best illustrate the 1 quality of language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_32.The word in British English for “basement“ is “ 1“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_33.The 1 zone ranges from 18 inches to about 4 feet.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_34.The English functional equivalen
20、t to “您有何高见“ is “ 1“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_35.Man proposes, God 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_36.If you want to visit a foreigner you need to make an 1 before you go.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_37.The English equivalent of “令尊“ is “ 1“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_38.In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is refer
21、red to as 1 and often located at the initial part of the paragraph.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_39.In an English letter of request there are three parts : the purpose for which the letter is written, the supporting information and a _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_40. 1 time orientation refers to how people feel, think, or pe
22、rceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_41.How would you explain the statement that language is the carrier and container of cultural information?（分数：3.00）_42.Translate the proverb “Any port in a storm“ into Chinese and discuss them in relation to cultur
23、e.（分数：3.00）_43.What is the major contrast between English and Chinese letters of request?（分数：3.00）_44.Could you say something about the language features of English advertising?（分数：3.00）_45.lowboy（分数：3.00）_46.When I was young, I walked to school.（分数：3.00）_47.Request the honour of your presence.（分数：3
24、.00）_48.请不要挂电话。（分数：3.00）_49.法网恢恢，疏而不漏。（分数：3.00）_50.别指望亚瑟会为自己辩护，他胆小如鼠。（分数：3.00）_51.What are the three models for the analysis of culture?（分数：10.00）_52.Why passive sentences, nominalizations and non-finite verbs are preferred in EST?（分数：10.00）_语言与文化自考题-2 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Language is _.A. th
25、e product of the human brain B. rule governedC. independent of culture D. the result of social institutions（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：主要考查语言的特征。语言是由规则支配的，构成语言的成分遵循某些特定的规则。2.A hot, freshly cooked sausage sandwiched in a split roll of bread is called _.A. hamburger B. sandwichC. hot dog D. pudding（分数：1.00）A
26、.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查与生活方式有关的英语词汇。hot dog(热狗)是夹有新鲜的烤热香肠的面包。3.“To throw in the sponge“ is derived from _.A. American football B. baseballC. horse racing D. boxing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查英语中的体育运动典故。“to throw in the sponge”源于拳击比赛。4.On the Boxing Day _ are traditionally given to dustmen, postmen and a fe
27、w other public servants.A. cards B. flowersC. bottles of wine D. Christmas boxes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查对西方节日的理解。Boxing Day(节礼日)是英格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰、新西兰、澳大利亚和南非法定的假日。按习俗这天向清洁工、邮递员和其他从事公共服务的人赠送“圣诞节礼(Christmas boxes)”。5.The word “for“ in “It must be snowing, for it is so bright outside. “ shows that Engli
28、sh is a(n) _ language.A. object prominent B. hypotacticC. SOV D. analytic（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：主要考查对形合关系的了解。形合连接是通过连接词把句子成分连接起来。在本句中，就是用连词“for”将句子连接起来的。6.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. English speakers have a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when naming their n
29、ewly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查英语和汉语中姓名的差异。在英语中，姓比名更有区分性。C 项不正确。7.The difference found in ans
30、wers to negative questions between English and Chinese demonstrates that _.A. English speakers are direct and Chinese speakers are indirectB. English speakers are individualistic and Chinese speakers are politeC. English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic languageD. Chinese speaker
31、s are strongly influenced by the environment, the way in which the question is formed, while English speakers are not（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：主要考查英语和汉语回答否定句式的差异。在回答否定句式的问题时，讲英语的人和讲汉语的人的差异表明讲汉语的人受环境文化的强烈影响，即疑问句的构成方式的影响，而讲英语的人是个人主义者，较少受语境的影响。8.The English titles normally precede _ rather than _.A. given n
32、ames; surnames B. given names; full namesC. surnames; given names D. full names; given names（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查英语中头衔的用法。英语中，头衔用在姓(surname)的前面，而不是用在名(given name)的前面。在正式的场合要用头衔加上姓的称呼方式。9.The proverb “Gossiping and lying go hand in hand. “ is derived from _.A. the Bible B. Greco-Roman civilizat
33、ionC. Christianity D. geographic knowledge（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：主要考查英语中谚语的来源。圣经是最广为阅读的书之一，也是包括讲英语的国家在内的西方世界最有影响力的宗教作品。其中的警句、格言已经成为谚语的一个重要组成部分。“Gossiping and lying to hand in hand.”就出自圣经。10.“Marry in May, repent always. “ is related to _.A. geography B. ChristianityC. individualism D. Greco-Roman civi
34、lization（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：主要考查与希腊罗马文明有关的谚语。“Marry in May, repent always.”意为“五月结婚，悔恨终身”，是与希腊罗马文明有关的谚语。11.In China _ is not advertised.A. sexual service B. foodC. medicine D. clothing（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查英语广告和汉语广告在为哪些商品或服务项目做广告的区别。在大多数英语国家，药品不能登广告，而在中国可以。在大多数英语国家，妓女是合法的，性服务广告不时地出现在地方报纸上。而在中国性
35、服务是被禁止的，所以大众媒体中就无这类广告。12.In both English and Chinese _ may be associated with pride.A. owls B. bearsC. peacocks D. mules（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：主要考查英语和汉语中比喻的相同点和差异。英语中，孔雀常被联想为骄傲，而在汉语中骄傲和公鸡常被联想在一起，但“骄傲的孔雀”也被中国人接受。13._ refers to a secret organization of Italian criminals and blackmailers which operated i
36、n the U. S. A.A. Blackguard B. BlacklegC. Black flag D. Blackhand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查英语中对于社会群体或少数民族群体的鄙视态度的禁忌语。在英语中许多带有偏见态度的词汇都是用于黑人的。“黑”与“邪恶”、“污秽”等相联系。blackhand指在美国进行犯罪和敲诈活动的意大利秘密组织。14.A “file clerk“ is often said euphemistically to be a(n) “_“.A. information director B. research consultantC
37、. office executive D. assistant manager（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：主要考查的知识点为英语委婉语的用法。许多委婉语是有关工作的，现在被称为 jobs 的职业越来越少了。file clerk(档案员)被叫做 research consultant(研究顾问)。15.Honourifics are used to show respect to ones interlocutors and persons mentioned in conversations, while _ are used to show the speakers modes
38、ty.A. taboos B. complimentsC. terms of humility D. euphemisms（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查英语中的谦词。敬语用来对谈话的对方或所提到的人表示尊重，谦词则用来表达说话人的谦恭。16.“圣上“, “陛下“, “贵府“ are Chinese _.A. humilities B. taboosC. honourifics D. swear words（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主要考查对汉语敬语(honourifics)的了解。中国人不仅在与上级或长辈直接对话时表示尊敬，在提及他们时也是如此。例如
39、，在同皇上讲话或给他写信时，用“陛下”；而同别人讲话或通信时用“圣上”。“陛下”和“圣上”都是表示尊敬的词语。另外，表示尊敬的范围也会延及到与上级或长辈相关的任何人或物，例如，对方的家也被尊称为“贵府”或“府上”。17.The term “text“ refers to any piece of spoken or written language, which expresses a(n) _ meaning.A. complete B. incompleteC. regular D. irregular（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查对语篇的了解。“语篇”一词，是指能
40、够表达完整意义的任何一篇口头或书面语言。18.The first _ made in 449 B. C. had strong impact on the laws made later in most European countries.A. Roman law B. Napoleonic CodeC. French law D. British law（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：本题主要考查对法律文件中的英语的了解。公元前 449 年出现第一部罗马法典，标志着古罗马法治的开始。这对除英国以外的其他欧洲国家法律的形成起了相当大的作用。19.The word “_“ is Am
41、erican spelling.A. colour B. travellerC. metre D. defense（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：本题主要考查英国英语和美国英语在拼写上的差别。在本题四个选项中，只有 D 项 defense 是美式拼写。20.A large portion of brand names in English advertising are newly invented words or _.A. loan words B. technical termsC. coinages D. place names（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：本题主
42、要考查英语广告商标名称的特点。许多西方产品都以设计者或厂商的名字命名，很多品牌名称是新发明的词或新造词汇，许多品牌名称听起来具有异国情调，且有些品牌名称让人意想不到。loanwords“借词”：technical terms“术语”；coinages“新造词汇”；place names“地名”。21.Which of the following proverbs are related to navigation?A. Great men are not always wise.B. An Englishmans house is his castle.C. Many drops of wat
43、er will sink the ship.D. The good seaman is known in bad weather.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D. 解析：本题主要考查英语中和航海有关的谚语。本题中“Many drops of water will sink the ship.”和“The good seaman is known in bad weather.”属于和航海有关的谚语。22.“To miss the boat“ can be used to mean to lose the opportunity _.A. to do something B. to go t
44、ouringC. to obtain something D. to go boating（分数：1.00）A. B.C. D.解析：主要考查对英语中成语的了解。“to miss the boat”被用来表示“失去做某件事或得到某物的机会”，与汉语成语“坐失良机”相当。23.Which of the following statements is right?A. Hypotactic language is unambiguous and paratactic language is ambiguous.B. Hypotactic language like English relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.C. Paratactic language like Chinese never relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.D. Hypotactic and paratactic relations can be found in both English and Chinese.（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D. 解析：主要考查对形合关系和意合关系的了解。一般说来，英语是形合连接的语
