1、英语阅读(二)自考题分类模拟 13 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART ONE(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)We all know that people sometimes change their behavior when someone is looking their way. Now, a new study reported online on April 2nd in Current Biology shows that jackdawsbirds related to crows with
2、 eyes that appear similar to human eyescan do the same. “Jackdaws seem to recognize the eye“s role in visual perception, or at the very least they are extremely sensitive to the way that human eyes are oriented,“ said Auguste yon Bayern, formerly of the University of Cambridge and now at the Univers
3、ity of Oxford. When presented with a preferred food, hand-raised jackdaws took significantly longer to retrieve the reward when a person was directing his eyes towards the food than when he was looking away, according to the research team led by Nathan Emery of the University of Cambridge. The birds
4、 hesitated only when the person in question was unfamiliar and thus potentially threatening. In addition, the birds were able to interpret human communicative gestures, such as gaze alternation and pointing to help them find hidden food, they found. The birds were unsuccessful in using static cues,
5、including eye gaze or head orientation, in that context. Unlike most birds, jackdaws“ eyes have a dark pupil surrounded by a silvery white iris. The researchers said they believe jackdaws are probably sensitive to human eyes because, as in humans, eyes are an important means of communication for the
6、m. The hand-raised birds examined in the study may be even better than wild jackdaws at attending to human gaze and responding to the gestures of the people who have raised them. The findings are particularly notable given that most other species investigated so far, including our closest relatives
7、the chimpanzee and “man“s best friend,“ the dog, are not particularly sensitive to eye orientation and eye gaze, von Bayern said. Rather, she continued, chimps and dogs seem to rely on other cues such as head or body orientation in determining the looking direction of others and do not appear to app
8、reciate the eyes as the visual organs. The results suggest that birds may deserve more respect for their mental abilities.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the report, when does a hand-raised jackdaw hesitate to take a preferred food?_（分数：2.00）A.When the feeder is looking away from the food.B.When the feed
9、er is unfamiliar to the bird.C.When the feeder holds the food in his hand.D.When the feeder is looking at the food.(2).According to the researchers, jackdaws can notice human eye orientation probably because _.（分数：2.00）A.like humans, they also use eyes to communicateB.they are far more intelligent t
10、han other birdsC.they are mostly hand-raised by humansD.their eyes also have a dark pupil(3).According to the 4th paragraph, jackdaws are good at interpreting all of the following cues EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.alternating one“s gaze to another directionB.pointing to where the food is hiddenC.keeping a lo
11、ng gaze at one directionD.directing one“s eyes towards the food(4).Why does the author refer to chimpanzees and dogs in the last paragraph?_（分数：2.00）A.To suggest that they are much better at interpreting gaze alternation.B.To illustrate how unique jackdaws are in being able to notice gaze orientatio
12、n.C.To make clear that they rely on other means in determining people“s intention.D.To show that they communicate more frequently with humans than jackdaws.(5).What does the research finding suggest?_（分数：2.00）A.We know embarrassingly less about birds than we assume.B.The closer we communicate with a
13、nimals, the better we understand them.C.Not all jackdaws are good at attending to human gaze.D.We may have underestimated jackdaws“ mental abilities.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Fill in company forms can become a boring and repetitive task, yet any carelessness on an applicant part can draw a negati
14、ve reaction from readers. Each company or organization usually uses its own specially designed form that, although it generally asks for the same basic information, many vary in detail. Consequently, the suggestions below apply mainly to the approach you should take rather than suggest what you shou
15、ld write. When visiting future employers, always carry your personal data record with you so that you can readily search for details such as dates, telephone numbers, and other useful information. Treat every application form as though it is the first one you are completingwrite carefully and neatly
16、. Use words that describe the responsibility and different aspects of each job you have held rather than list only the duties you performed. Particularly describe social activities that show your involvement in the community, or activities in which you held a teaching or coaching role. Pay particula
17、r attention if there is a section on the form that asks you to comment on how your education and past experience have especially prepared you for the position. Think this through very carefully before you write so that what you say shows a natural progression from past experience to the job you are
18、applying for. If you can, and if they fit naturally, add a few words to demonstrate how the position fits your overall career plan.（分数：10.00）(1).The first sentence of the passage implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.you may have to fill in long application formB.the filling up of an application form takes much
19、 timeC.one may have to fill in many application forms before one gets a jobD.application forms are usually difficult to read and require good skills to fill in(2).Although all application forms demand the same basic information, _.（分数：2.00）A.different companies may have different requirementsB.diffe
20、rent companies may take different attitudes toward themC.application may be required to answer all the questions in detailD.applicants may have to send in the forms by person(3).Which of the following statements is true?_（分数：2.00）A.Your personal data record is more important than the interview.B.You
21、 should put in your personal data in the application form as completely as possible.C.Your personal data record will be much help to your interview.D.You should write your personal data as clearly and neatly as possible.(4).When writing about the duties you have been engaged in, you should _.（分数：2.0
22、0）A.put down the names of your colleaguesB.describe the nature of the dutiesC.relate them to other major dutiestD.describe what responsible positions you had(5).Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? _（分数：2.00）A.Importance of Application Forms.B.How to Fill in an Application
23、Form.C.Job and Its Application.D.Nature of Application Forms.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The first European stock exchange was established in Antwerp, Belgium (比利时), in 1531. There were no stock exchanges in England until the 1700“s. A man wishing to buy or sell shares of stock had to find a brok
24、er (agents) to transact his business for him. In london, he usually went to a coffee house, because brokers often gathered there. In 1773, the brokers of london formed a stock exchange. In New York City, brokers met under an old button-wood tree on Wall Street. They organized the New York Stock Exch
25、ange in 1792. The American Stock Exchange, second largest in the United States, was formerly called the Curb Exchange because of its origin on the streets of New York City. A stock exchange is a market place where member brokers buy and sell stocks and bonds of American and foreign businesses on beh
26、alf of the public. A stock exchange provides a market place for stocks and bonds in the same way a board of trade does for commodities. The stock brokers receive a small commission on each transaction they make. The stock holder may sell his stock wherever he wants to unless the corporation has some
27、 special rule to prevent it. Prices of stock change according to general business conditions and the earnings and future prospects of the company. If the business is doing well, the stock holder may be able to sell his stock for a profit. If it is not, he may have to take a loss.（分数：10.00）(1).In the
28、 1600“s, if a man wanted to buy or sell shares of stock, he had to do it through _.（分数：2.00）A.the governmentB.himselfC.a brokerD.the stock exchange(2).The second largest stock exchange in the U.S. used to be called _.（分数：2.00）A.the Wall Street ExchangeB.the New York Stock ExchangeC.the Curb Exchange
29、D.the U.S. Exchange(3).In Para. 3, the word “commodities“ probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.goodsB.papersC.sharesD.agreements(4).Which of the statements is true?_（分数：2.00）A.The stockholder can sell his stock to anywhere at anytime.B.There were no stock exchange in England in the 1700“s.C.The price of stoc
30、k is not stable.D.The stockbrokers do the transaction without charging for the stockholders.(5).The passage is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.the Wall StreetB.the stock exchangeC.the stockD.the stockholder and stockbroker六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：10.00)During his lifetime Alfred Nobel reaped millions of do
31、llars in profits from his invention and manufacture of high explosives. Some of these greatly increased the killing power of weapons and so made war more terrible. Nobel, nevertheless, left much of his fortune for the promotion of world peace as well as the advancement of scientific knowledge and th
32、e encouragement of literary achievement. Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on Oct. 21,1833. Alfred was a sickly child. He was educated at home. Instead of going to high school he traveled widely. He learned chemistry and mechanical engineering in private studies and study abroad.
33、At 21, he joined his father and brother in St. Petersburg. The father had begun some experiments with nitroglycerin but had abandoned them. Alfred resumed these experiments and invented a blasting cap, made of fulminate of mercury, to fire a charge of nitroglycerin. The cap was a very important deve
34、lopment. Although still sickly, Nobel took charge of the family business. In 1863 he returned to Sweden and set up a small factory to make nitroglycerin. A year later a terrific explosion destroyed the plant and killed five people. One was his youngest brother, Emil. Nobel, however, refused to give
35、up his work and moved the plant to a barge moored in a lake. Further tragedies occurred. In 1866, after disastrous explosions at world ports, many nations forbade their vessels to carry nitroglycerin. Nobel then sought to make the explosive safer to handle. He found the answer in dynamite. The inven
36、tion made Nobel wealthy. He spent the next ten years setting up plants in the United States and Europe. In 1876 he patented blasting gelatin, a combination of guncotton and nitroglycerin. In 1878 he and his brothers developed oil fields in Russia. He invented ballistite in 1888, one of the first smo
37、keless powders. Nobel never married. He found recreation in his laboratory and in writing poetry in imitation of his idol, Percy Bysshe Shelley. In later years he traveled throughout Europe and had homes in Paris, in Stockholm, and in San Remo, Italy. In 1876 he met Bertha Kinsky (later Baroness von
38、 Suttner), a Bohemian noblewoman. In letters to Nobel over several years she developed his ideas for world peace. Nobel“s bequest for a peace prize was largely in tribute to her, though he was somewhat doubtful of the effectiveness of the pacifist movement. He died in 1896 at San Remo, leaving the e
39、xecutors of his will to work out the details of administering the Nobel prizes.（分数：10.00）(1).Nobel made a fortune out of _.（分数：2.00）A.his promotion of world peaceB.his advancement of scientific knowledgeC.his encouragement of literary achievementD.his invention and manufacture of high explosives(2).
40、Nobel resumed the experiments his father had abandoned and _.（分数：2.00）A.succeeded in finishing his self-educationB.used nitroglycerin for the first timeC.invented nitroglycerinD.made a very important development(3).Nobel invented dynamite, which _.（分数：2.00）A.was more powerful than nitroglycerinB.mad
41、e the explosive saferC.caused disastrous explosionsD.frightened many nations(4).Which of the following is true about Nobel?_（分数：2.00）A.Nobel helped the U. S. become wealthy by setting up plants.B.Nobel was one of the first inventors of ballistiteC.Nobel went to Russia to develop oil fields with smok
42、eless powders.D.Nobel combined guncotton and nitroglycerin to form blasting gelatin.(5).Bertha Kinsky _.（分数：2.00）A.helped Nobel become one of the leading pacifists in the worldB.was the first woman to win a Nobel peace prizeC.made Nobel change his willD.developed Nobel“s ideas for world peace七、PART
43、TWO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)1.First, they use the sun. Just getting rough direction from the sun is easy. It rises somewhere toward the east and sets somewhere toward the west. Getting accurate direction from the sun takes more care. You need to pay attention to the time of the year. Then you need to watch th
44、e path of the sun closely at each hour of the day. To tell direction accurately from the sun, a person needs to know the exact time. To j 1 directions by the sun. （分数：2.00）2.Here is one way it is done. The robot is given certain information about the size and shape of a baseball. Then it analyzes pi
45、ctures taken by its “eye“, which is really a camera. The robot transforms the thousands of dots that compose the picture into zeroes and ones, depending on how dark each dot is. Robot“s s 1 for playing baseball. （分数：2.00）3.All plants and animals that have been studied carefully (including humans)see
46、m to have build-in clocks. They know the time naturally and correctly without any help from outside. To have a b 1 clock. （分数：2.00）4.Willpower is not some unchangeable characteristics we are born with. It is skill that can be developed, strengthened and targeted to help us achieve our goals. For eve
47、ry obstacle we want to overcome, we need willpower, which is an inner strength that will push us to confront challenge and keep us going. Willpower can be n 1. （分数：2.00）5.One system using solar energy to clean up pollution in water has banks of moving mirrors that focus sunlight onto a waterfall of
48、waste water. The other method reflects light from a mirrored trough onto waste water flowing through glass tubes. The solar purifiers will reduce concentration of organic pollutants to a few parts per billion. Two methods for water t 1 with solar energy. （分数：2.00）6.Programming robots to interpret wh
49、at their sensors pick up is a tough task. Remember, silicon brains handle information, including sensory data, as zeroes and ones. Imagine the difficulty in trying to explain to a robot what a baseball looks likeusing only zeroes and ones. D 1 for robot playing baseball. （分数：2.00）7.Donnellan said, “We“re “making progress at a rapid pace, and I believe that it won“t be that many years before we“re able to reduce the forecast probabilities from hundreds of miles and fifty years, to tens
