1、英语阅读(二)自考题-8 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Electronic computers are among the fastest and most useful instruments for sorting and comparing in use today. Computers provide means for greater speed and accuracy in working with
2、ideas than had previously been possible. With the development of these new tools, it is as if man has suddenly become a millionaire of the mind.Although man has been growing mentally richer ever since he started to think, the electronic computer allows and will continue to allow him to perform treme
3、ndous mental tasks in a relatively short time. Great scientists of the past produced ideas which were the basis for great advances, but their ideas sometimes had to wait for years before they were understood sufficiently well to be of practical use. With the computer, the ideas of todays scientists
4、can be studied, tested, distributed, and used more rapidly than ever before.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we have now. The repeated actions of preparing, sorting, filling, distributing, and keeping track of records and publicatio
5、ns can be as troublesome as calculating. Errors occur because men grow tired and can be distracted.The basic job of computers is the processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information, perform mathematical or logical operations with the informatio
6、n, and then supply the results of these operations as new information.Although a sharp dividing line between types of computers is not always easy to see, computers are usually divided into two broad groups: digital and analog. Digital computers work by using specific information which is usually in
7、 the form of numbers. Analog computers, on the other hand, usually process continuous information.To explain the differences, let us consider two devices which handle information in a manner similar to the two types of computers. A turnstile, which has a counter attached to it, can help to explain t
8、he way a digital computer works. Each time a person passes through the turnstile, the indicator quickly jumps from one number to another. Each number registered is separate and specific.The continuous change in the level of sand in an hourglass as time passes makes it an analog device. Perhaps the f
9、irst analog computation was the use of graphs for the solution of surveying problems.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements best summarizes the first paragraph?_ A. Computers have extended the range of our senses. B. Computers have extended the power of our mind. C. Computers have extended
10、the scope of our activities. D. Computers have extended the speed of our reasoning,（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).With the help of computers, scientists today are able to _. A. have their ideas questioned or shared quickly B. have their new ideas accepted far more widely C. produce their ideas more rapidly D.
11、 understand new information easily（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, computers are mainly used to do the following EXCEPT _. A. performing math operations B. processing information C. supplying solutions D. storing technical data（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The digital computers are different fr
12、om analog computers because _. A. they process continuous information B. they process specific information C. they record separate numbers D. they produce vivid pictures（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The tone the writer uses in this passage is _. A. critical B. analytical C. subjective D. objective（分数：2.00）A.
13、B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Q. Theres a lot of talk about putting up manned orbital stations. What does this mean, concretely?A. It is very important to have scientific stations in space. A space telescope with a mirror slightly over six and a half feet in diameter will be placed in orbit,
14、 and there will be more and more of these. A few years ago, our group at Saclay, in collaboration with a number of other European Laboratories, orbited a telescope that revolutionized our knowledge of gamma ray emissions by celestial objects.Life aboard manned space stations wont be as exciting as w
15、e might suppose. It will probably be comparable to the life people lead aboard deep-sea oil rigs.Q. What scientific interest will these stations offer?A. Observation is much more precise beyond the atmosphere, because the sky is darker. You see many more stars and objects that are concealed by the e
16、arths luminescence.Q. What objects?A. We know pretty well how stars are born because we can observe them. Two or three new stars appear in our galaxy every year. But nearly all the galaxies were born at the same time, when the universe was constituted 15 billion (light) years ago. No new ones are th
17、ought to exist.To observe the birth of a galaxy that happened so long ago, you have to see a very long way. At present we can go back 10 to 12 billion years. We have to go a bit farther back still, and maybe catch them in the act of birth. Distant objects are necessarily very dim, so ideal condition
18、s are needed to observe them. Orbital stations provide such conditions.Q. Would orbital stations be choice places from which to try to communicate with extraterrestrial intelligences?A. Not particularly through radio communication, except on certain wave lengths that are absorbed by the atmosphere.
19、But as points of departure for exploration theyll be very useful.Q. How far would such exploration go?A. In 1989 the satellite Voyager 1I will reach Neptune after a journey of three and a half years. In addition, five probes were sent to rendezvous with Halleys comet. So exploration of the solar sys
20、tem is more or less under way. Weve put people on the moon, sent probes to Mars and Venus, lofted satellites near the sun (within a few tens of millions of miles), and one satellite even left the solar system a few years ago.But visiting the stars is something else again. Light takes four years to r
21、each the nearest stars, so you can see that it would take a satellite hundreds of thousands of years.Of course, if the earth were to become overpopulated, we can imagine sending families in space vessels to colonize the nearest stars. But its their great-great-great-grand-children who would finally
22、reach those stars. And they wouldnt even know where to stop.（分数：10.00）(1).The writer compares the life on a space station to the one on a deep-sea oil rig in order to show _. A. excitement in the wild B. dull environment C. hard living conditions D. the sameness in operation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Orbi
23、tal stations provide an ideal condition to observe a galaxy because _. A. we are close to it in space B. we can go back 10 to 12 billion years C. a galaxy appears dimmer in that environment than on earth D. a galaxy appear brighter in that environment than on earth（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In Para. 7, th
24、e sentence “No new ones are thought to exist“ means _. A. nobody believes that there is any new galaxy to be found soon B. nobody believes that any new galaxy exists now C. people are wrong to believe that new galaxies will appear D. people believe that the galaxies are very old now（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.
25、(4).The word “exploration“ in the question “How far would such exploration go“ means _. A. finding new galaxies B. finding other intelligent life C. orbiting other telescope D. setting up new orbital station（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We may draw a conclusion from the last Paragraph that _. A. human habita
26、tion on other stars is a pure imagination B. even later generation wont know which star to land on C. reaching other stars by present technology is still unrealistic D. colonizing other stars is a solution to overpopulation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One day an ordinary dog appe
27、ared in the ticket office at Campiglia, a busy railroad station on Italys main line. A ticket agent named Elvio greeted the strange dog in a friendly way, so the dog decided to stay. From that day on, the dog became Elyios shadow and was named Lampo.Lampo kept Elvio company inside the ticket office.
28、 When the weather was warm, he would enjoy himself in the sun of the train platform.When it was time for Elvio to return home on the train at night, Lampo ran after the train for a long way and then sadly gave up and went back to the station.One night as Elvio was riding home on the train, he notice
29、d that Lampo was lying at his feet. Afraid that the conductor would see the dog on the train and shout at him, Elvio pushed Lampo under a seat. Luckily, the conductor did not notice the dog. Lampo came home with Elvio and met his family. Then, after a short visit, Lampo boarded the last train and we
30、nt back to the station.Lampo quickly learned all of the train schedules. He would ride home from work with Elvio every night and then ride back to the station alone. Every morning, Lampo arrived at Elvios house in time to walk his young daughter, Mivna, to school. The faithful dog would then take an
31、other train to Campiglia to spend time with his master, then travel again to accompany Mivna home from school at 11:30.Soon, Lampo began to take the trains all over Italy. Lampo became famous among the men who worked on the railroad, as his journeys became more frequent, complicated and mysterious.
32、No one could explain why he traveled or how he always found the right train back to Campiglia. People decided that Lampo was a unique dog.Some of the railroad officials were against Lampos illegal travels. They were afraid he would bite a passenger or cause some other problems. Finally, the stationm
33、aster threatened to call the dogcatcher if Elvio didnt get rid of the dog.Elvio decided to put Lampo on a train going as far away as possible. Months went by and Lampo did not come back. Mivna missed him very much and prayed for his return. Finally one day, a sad, very thin, tired Lampo returned to
34、Elvios office. Everyone, even the stationmaster, was sorry about what had happened. From then on, Lampo was allowed to ride the trains whenever he wanted. After seven years, Lampo grew old, and he began to need Elvios help to board the train. One day Lampo was seen lying dead on the tracks. A year l
35、ater, a life-sized statue (雕像) of Lampo was set up at Campiglia station.（分数：10.00）(1).The first time Lampo took the train, Elvio was _. A. delighted that he was lucky B. afraid the dog would bite someone C. afraid the conductor would see him and be angry D. excited that Lampo would soon meet his fam
36、ily（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Lampos traveling all over Italy caused people to believe that _. A. he could read the train schedules B. he was famous in the country C. Elvio secretly helped him D. he was a very special dog（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The stationmaster threatened that if Elvio didnt get rid of the
37、dog, _. A. Elvio would be fired B. Lampo would be put on the train tracks C. the stationmaster would send him away D. a dogcatcher would be called（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the story?_ A. The dog was once sent away by Elvio. B. The dog finally won the stationmast
38、ers heart. C. The dog was faithful to his master. D. The dog died when he was seven years old.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author suggests that a statue of Lampo was set up because _. A. the stationmaster felt sorry about what had happened B. he had been a friend to travelers C. it would bring good luck
39、 to the town D. Elvio offered money to set up the statue（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPassage Four/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A film was at the Circle Five Ranch to film a Marlboro advertisement. This was in 1868, before they Uprohibited/U cigarette ads from American television. Darrle Winfield was watching the crew set
40、 up the equipment. The scene included an actor crossing a river on horseback, but when the time came to shoot, the man was too drunk to ride. Someone from the crews saw Winfield and asked him if he would ride the horse for $50. “Well,“ said Winfield, “for 50 bucks, Ill jump that damn horse over the
41、moon!“To people in many countries, Winfield is just a familiar but nameless face, a simple cowboy with an advertising message about a connection between the West and a brand of cigarettes. Few people know that he is 55, a family man whos been married to the same woman for 37 years and has 5 children
42、 and 7 grandchildren. Most surprisingly, hes a real working cowboy who raises horses in his ranch in Wyoming.One of the more striking things about the Marlboro Man is that the success hasnt changed him much.He says that complete strangers sometimes come up to him and say, “Ive met you. I know you fr
43、om somewhere.“ Whenever it happens, he says that he gets embarrassed.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “prohibited“ in the first paragraph mean? _ A. broadcast B. forbade C. produced D. provided（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is true?_ A. Cigarette ads were prohibited in Americ
44、a. B. Cigarette ads are prohibited on television in America. C. Marlboro advertisement was produced on television. D. Marlboro advertisement was prohibited on television.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When they filmed the ad, _. A. the actor in the ad was too drunk B. Winfield was too drunk C. Winfield was se
45、tting up the equipment D. Winfield was riding a horse（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the passage, e know that Winfield was _. A. an ordinary man B. a superstar C. an actor D. a rich man（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).When people recognized Winfield, he felt _. A. excited B. happy C. interested D. uncomfortable（分数：2.
46、00）A.B.C.D.七、BPassage Five/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product. Yet underneath their labels, the products are often nearly identical. One manufacturers toothpaste tends to differ from anothers. Thus manufacture
47、rs are confronted with a problemhow to keep sales high enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising. They try to appeal to consumers in various ways. In fact, advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use.One type of advert
48、isement tries to appeal to the consumers reasoning mind. It may offer a claim that seems scientific. For example, it may say the dentists recommend Flash toothpaste. In selling a product, the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth. A scientific approach gives the appearance of truth.Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer. Products that are essential boring, such as insecticide, are often advertised in an amusing way. One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. For example, the
