1、英语阅读(二)自考题-7 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There is no creature that does not need sleep or complete rest every day. If you want to know why, just try going without sleep for a long period of time. You will discover that your
2、 mind and body would become too tired to work properly. You would become irritable and find it hard to think clearly or concentrate on your work. So sleep is quite simply the time when the cells of your body recover from the work of the day and build up supplies of energy for the next period of acti
3、vity.One of the things we all know about sleep is that we are unconscious in sleep. We do not know what is going on around us. But that doesnt mean the body stops all activity. The important organs continue to work during sleep, but most of the body functions are slowed down.For example, our breathi
4、ng becomes slower and deeper. The heart beats more slowly, and the blood pressure is lower. Our arms and legs become limp (柔软的) and muscles are at rest. It would be impossible for our body to relax to such an extent if we were awake. So sleep does for us what the most quiet rest can not do.Your body
5、 temperature becomes lower when you are asleep, which is the reason people go to sleep under some kind of covers. And even though you are unconscious, many of your reflexes (习惯性思维) still work. For instance, if someone tickles (使觉得痒) your foot, you will put it away in your sleep, or even brush a fly
6、from your forehead. You do these things without knowing it.（分数：10.00）(1).If you dont have as much sleep as your body needs, you will _. A. work properly B. think clearly C. keep your attention on your work D. easily get angry（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The cells of your body develop supplies of energy _. A
7、. when you are asleep B. when you recover from your work of the day C. in the next period of activity D. when you are quiet（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the clause “.that we are unconscious in sleep,“ the word “unconscious“ means _. A. untiring B. unmoved C. quiet D. not knowing what is happening around（分
8、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Sleep helps your body to relax to such an extent _. A. that any rest can reach B. that no rest can have the same effect C. that you will never need any rest D. that you will need the most quiet rest（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).When you are sleeping, _. A. all of you reflexes stop working
9、B. most of your reflexes stop working C. many of your reflexes still work D. all of your reflexes still work（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Are you among those who are eager to lose weight? As some people are crazy about keeping fit nowadays, different fitness methods are practiced
10、in order to control their weight. However, some methods do not work and can even be dangerous. Lets find out the truth about some fitness myths together.Many people want to get and keep fit. Their intention is good, but the methods they use sometimes are not. During the past years, directions like “
11、eat less to lose weight“ have been regarded as good advice and have been spread widely. But in fact, such fitness methods are unhealthyand even dangerous. Unfortunately, many people want to lose weight so badly that they will believe any advice-good or bad. Here are four of the most common myths abo
12、ut getting and keeping fit.“If I just eat less, I will lose weight.“ Many people only focus on the amount of food they take in each day. They dont pay attention to what theyre eating. So they may be eating less, but theyre not eating healthily. Be sure to eat a good balance of different foods, inclu
13、ding vegetables, fruits, meat, milk, and bread or rice. What you eat is just as important as how much you eat.“Running is all the exercise I need to lose weight.“ You need aerobic exercise to burn off your extra fat. But that alone doesnt help you get and keep fit. You must also lift weights to buil
14、d muscle. You need both to get the most effective results.“If I build muscle, I will gain weight.“ This is true. Muscle is denser than fat, so the same amount weighs more. But muscle also takes up less space. When you replace fat with muscle, you will look thinner and better.“The miracle diets on TV
15、 will help me lose weight.“ These ads promise a miracle solution for losing weight. But usually the products dont live up to their promises and can even be dangerous. Dont waste your money on them.What is the best way to get and keep fit? Eat healthily and have a good balance of aerobic and muscle b
16、uilding exercises. Make your healthy lifestyle last for a whole lifetime, not just for a short while.（分数：10.00）(1).Many people want to lose weight so badly that they _. A. do fitness exercises everyday B. eat very little C. will believe any advice D. make sure they follow good advice（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D
17、.(2).Eating less _. A. alone helps people keep fit B. does no good to health C. is as important as eating healthily D. is the only way to lose weight（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).People need _ to get the most effective results. A. aerobic exercise B. weight lifting C. both A and B D. neither A or B（分数：2.00）A
18、.B.C.D.(4).If people succeed in building muscle they will look _. A. fatter B. thinner C. lighter D. denser（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Miracle diets on TV _. A. are helpful to the loss of weight B. live up to their promises C. are usually unreliable D. are expensive（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage Three(总题数：1，分
19、数：10.00)Newspapers are not nearly as popular today as they were in the past. There are not very many people who seriously read a newspaper everyday. Most people read only the sports pages, the advice or gossip columns, the comics, and perhaps the classified advertisements. Most people dont take the
20、time to read the real news. Newspaper editors say that their readers are lazy. They attempt to catch the readers interest with pictures and exciting headlines. These techniques are used on the front page because it is the first thing you see when you pick up the paper. The first page attracts attent
21、ion and encourages the reader to look through the rest of the paper, this is why editors always look for a good first page story and headlines that make you stop and look. If the headline is horrible enough or frightening enough or wild enough, perhaps you will go on to read the rest of the story. J
22、ust the same, there are a lot of people who do not even read the front page anymore. They may read the headlines, but thats all. Then they turn to the sports page, or comics, or advertisements. It seems that people do not want the news from a newspaper anymore. They say they get the news on the tele
23、vision now.Many people watch television news because it is easier and more interesting than reading a newspaper. What about you? Do you read news from a newspaper? Do you watch the news on television? Do you think it easier to get the news from television? Do you listen to the radio? Or do you even
24、care about news at all? Would you mind if there were no news?（分数：10.00）(1).Editors think the important part of the paper is _. A. the headlines B. the sports page C. the front page De the classified advertisements（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the article, most people read all of the following EX
25、CEPT _. A. the real news B. the sports page C. comics D. advertisements（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Today more people get news from _. A. newspapers B. radio C. television D. both A and B（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A lot of newspaper readers do not even read the front page anymore because _. A. they dont have time
26、 B. they are lazy C. the front page is not attractive enough D. the headlines are too horrible and frightening（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the writer, newspapers are _. A. more popular today B. less popular today C. as popular as before D. getting more and more popular（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPassag
27、e Four/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One of the most important ways people have of communicating is done non-verbally, or without the use of words. Just as a bird watcher delights in watching birds, so the non-verbalist delights in watching the non-verbal signals of human beings. But instead of going into the cou
28、ntryside, the non-verbalist watches people at social functions at beaches, on television, at the office or anywhere that people interact. The person who studies such examples of human behavior wants to learn about the actions of his fellow humans so that he may ultimately learn more about himself an
29、d find ways to improve his relationships with others.One of the first and most important works on this topic was Charles Darwins The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animal, published in 1872. In it Darwin believed that expressions of emotion are similar among humans, regardless of culture. He
30、based his belief on mans evolutionary origin. This work led to modern-day studies of facial expressions and body language, when, in the 1950s, two researchers, Brunet and Taguiri, wrote, after thirty years of study, that the best available research showed that there were no unchanging patterns accom
31、panying specific emotions.Some fourteen years later, American researchers found that new research supported Darwins old belief. They had conducted studies in five widely different continents and concluded. “Observers in these cultures recognize some of the same emotions when they are shown a set of
32、facial photographs.“ Researchers all over the world have noted and recorded almost one million non-verbal signals. Albert Mehrabian found that the total effect of a human message is about 7% verbal (words only), 38% vocal (including tone of voice, inflection, etc.) and 55% non-verbal (gestures and b
33、ody language). One Professor Birdwhistle estimated that the average person actually speaks words for a total of about ten or eleven minutes a day, and that the average sentence takes only about 2.5 seconds. He also found that actual face-to-face conversation between people amounted to about 35% whil
34、e over 65% of communication is done non-verbally.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of this passage is _. A. people communicate mostly through body language B. Charles Darwin was the first person to study human emotions C. words are the most important part of communication D. all emotions are expressed in
35、the same way all over the world（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “non-verbally“ (Line 1, Para. 1) means _. A. without using language B. with the use of words C. with using verbs D. with using signal（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the non-verbalist goes to social functions because _. A. he
36、 likes to go there B. he delights in talking with people there C. he wants to learn about the actions of his fellow humans D. he wants to improve his relationship with people there（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT true?_ A. Verbal communication is not important in human life. B. Cha
37、rles Darwin was the first person to study human emotions. C. Without considering culture, facial expressions of emotion are similar among humans. D. What Brunet and Taguiri found was not the same as Darwins.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Brunet and Taguiri began their study of facial expressions and body lang
38、uage _. A. in the 1950s B. in the 1920s C. in the 1980s D. in the 1930s（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、BPassage Five/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At the beginning of the twentieth century, there were four powerful means of transmitting and receiving information over long distances: print, photography, telegraph and telephone
39、. By the middle of the 20th century, both radio and television had become established means of transmitting sounds and pictures. In 1964, the Olympic Games in Tokyo became the first program to be transmitted via satellite.In order to transmit an event such as the Olympics via satellite, television s
40、ignals are first changed into radio waves, which are then sent from a station on earth to an orbiting satellite. The satellite receives the radio waves and sends them back to earth, where another station picks them up and changes them back into television signals. Because any form of sound or visual
41、 information can be changed into radio waves, satellites are capable of transmitting not only television broadcasts, but telephone calls and printed materials such as books and magazines.The combination of satellites, which transmit information, computers, which store information, and television, wh
42、ich displays information, will change every home into an education and entertainment center. In theory, every person will have access to an unlimited amount of information.Another important use of telecommunication satellite was demonstrated in 1974 when the “Teacher in Sky“ satellite transmitted ed
43、ucational programs to classes in remote areas of the United States. In 1975, many people in India saw television for the first time as they watched programs about agriculture and health.The most common use of telecommunication satellites, however, has been for transmitting telephone calls. Most of t
44、hem travel 40,000 miles to a satellite and then back to earth. Twenty years ago, a satellite was capable of receiving and transmitting more than 33,000 telephone conversations. Now a single satellite is able to transmit over 100,000 conversations as well as several television channelsall at the same
45、 time.Telecommunication can make information from around the world available to use quickly and easily, but some people worry that this may he a risk to our privacy; If personal information is stored in computers, then it may be easily transmitted via satellite to anyone who can pay for the service.
46、Another worry is that telecommunication system may separate people from each other. When people are able to buy things from their homes, do their banking without leaving the house, watch any movie they want on their television, as well as get any information they need, then there will not be as much
47、 contact between people.It is important to realize that the same technology that helps us may also harm us, We can prevent this from happening by carefully controlling the new technology. As one telecommunication expert says, “We must remember that technology alone is not the answer. It is the good
48、application of technology that will lead us to success.“（分数：10.00）(1).When did radio and television become an accepted means of transmitting sounds and pictures?_ A. In 1964. B. At the beginning of the twentieth century. C. In 1974. D. By the middle of the twentieth century.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The television signals are transmitted in the form of _. A. radio waves B. sound waves C. carefully designed numbers D. special light rays（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How far does a telephone call usually travel via satellite to complete the whole trip?_ A. 40,000
