1、英语阅读(二)自考题-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whether we are aware of it or not, architecture is a part of everybodys personal history. The chances are that it is in a building that we are born and in which we die; that we work
2、and learn and teach; that we think and make things; that we sell and buy, organize and negotiate, invent things, care for others. Most of us wake up in a building in the morning, go to another building or series of buildings to pass our day, and return to a building to sleep at night.Simply from liv
3、ing in buildings, we all have sufficient knowledge to begin a study of the history of architecture. But before doing so, there is one fundamental point we have to note, which makes architecture both different from the many other different arts and more difficult to judge: it has to be practical as w
4、ell as attractive, useful on the one hand and beautiful on the other.The word architecture goes back through Latin to the Greek for “master builder“. The ancients not only invented the word, but they gave it its clearest and most comprehensive definition in the structures they left behind. According
5、 to Vitruvius, a Roman writer, architecture is the union of “firmness, commodity and delight“. The first two conditions are concerned with the down-to-earth side of architecture-its structural practicality. The third deals with its visual or aesthetic aspect. Without “firmness“, it is dangerous; wit
6、hout “commodity“, it is merely large-scale sculpture; and without “delight“, it is just a building.For any given building, all three conditions are vital, but the history of architecture shows that they were not always of equal interest to the peoples of different periods. Some periods were structur
7、ally innovative, the buildings of the Romans, for example, while others, such as those of the Greeks, tended to accept inherited structural methods with comparatively little change or advancement. The changing function of buildings also varies greatly from period to period. Once the patterns of use
8、of certain long-lived types, such as Hindu temples, Christian churches or the modern office block, are established, it is only usually minor functional changes that follow.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?_ A. We are not aware of the importance
9、 of architecture. B. Everybody knows the use of a building. C. Architecture plays a very important part in peoples lives. D. Architecture is not a part of everybodys personal history.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Architecture is different from the many other different arts because _. A. it is more difficult
10、to judge B. it is not practical C. it has to be useful but not attractive D. it has to be both practical and beautiful（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “architecture“ means “master builder“ in _. A. Latin B. Greek C. Rome D. Christian churches（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “they“ (Line 2, Para. 4) refers
11、 to _. A. buildings B. people C. firmness, commodity and delight D. the history of architecture（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, the Romans _. A. had little interest in changing the function of their buildings B. liked the ancient structure of the buildings C. tended to accept inherited
12、 structural methods D. tended to change the function of the buildings（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Rush hour in a provincial town is certainly not so busy as in London, but even so there are plenty of people moving about. Long, patient queues wait wearily for buses. Never-ending l
13、ines of cars are checked while red traffic lights change to green. Thousands of people are packed tightly in trains, the mens faces buried in their evening papers while women trying in vain to knit. In a slow train it may well be an hours journey to their station.James Saxon is in his usual comforta
14、ble comer, quietly smoking a cigarette. When he is traveling by train at this time, he always reaches the station at ten past five by the station clock, but he never catches the 5:14 train. Instead he travels by the train which leaves at twenty-four minutes past five so as to be sure of getting his
15、comer seat. There are no first-class compartments or reserved seats on this train. He appears to be absorbed in the sport news on the back page of his paper and ignores the hurrying crowds.Facing him this evening there is a Finnish youth of eighteen, Matti Arpola. This is his first visit to England,
16、 though he already knows Geoffrey, the eldest son of the Jackson family, with whom he is going to stay.As there are several people standing, James Saxon is the only person he can see clearly. Matti decides that he is probably a typical Englishman, and he observes James carefully.“Can he really be ty
17、pical?“ he thinks. He has an umbrella, neatly rolled, but no bowler hat; in fact, no hat at all. Of course, he is reading about cricket and he is reserved and not interested in other people. But he is only of average height and his hair is: not fair, but as dark as that of an Italian, and curly, wit
18、h almost no parting. He is not smoking a pipe and although we foreigners think that a real Englishman ought to have a moustache, he is clean-shaven. His nose is slightly crooked. What a serious face he has! He is frowning a little, but the eyes beneath his worried-looking forehead are sincere and ho
19、nest. I dont think he is intelligent.His clothes are anything but smart. In fact, they are rather old, though well-brushed. Even though he is not wearing a wedding ring, he is probably married, with perhaps three children. His gloves are fur-lined and his trousers well pressed. He keeps far too many
20、 things in his pockets, so his suit looks badly out of shape.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first paragraph that _. A. passengers make good use of their time on the train B. woman passengers succeed in knitting a lot on the train C. trains are always crowded in London D. many tired patients are
21、 waiting for buses（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).James Saxon does not catch the 5:14 train because _. A. its a slow train B. he does not reserve a seat in it C. the later train is less crowded D. he is not in a hurry（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can conclude from the passage that Jackson family live in _. A. London
22、 B. Finland C. England D. Italy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The reason why Matti is not sure whether James Saxon is really an Englishman is that _. A. he has a serious face B. he is not interested in other people C. he is not intelligent D. he is not wearing a hat（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from
23、 the passage that James Saxon _. A. is probably not rich but neatly dressed B. is quite rich and well dressed C. is rich but poorly dressed D. is not rich enough but well dressed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the northern part of Greenland, ice caps, permafrost and gullies domin
24、ate the landscape and theres almost no vegetation. Here became the domain of the Thule who came from Canada in 1200. The onset of the Little Ice Age in the 15th century signaled the end of the Ice Age which started 130,000 years ago. Although the Little Ice Age brought Greenlands temperatures down b
25、y merely 0.8, it dealt a lethal blow on the southern regions vegetation and animals succumbed to cold, famine stroke, and European settlements vanished. The Inuit people survived. They intermarried with the Europeans who came later and became the forefathers of Greenlands people today.The Inuit peop
26、le still live in pretty much the same way as their ancestors. They make Eskimo canoes. They fish with nets. They hunt seals and sea lions. Sometimes they gut the animals and eat them right on the ice. The innards are precious gifts and are taken back to people of high status and guests.Planet Earth,
27、 a critically acclaimed documentary, tells of the impact climate change is having on the ecosystems of the Arctic from the perspective of a polar bear family. The bears are starved on the seaside since they have no sea lions and seals to hunt as glaciers are cracking.The Inuit people are meeting the
28、 same fate. Like others, Ajukutoq, a hunter, keeps on complaining to travelers that ice is fast thawing and they are losing the “platforms“ they can stand on to hunt animals. They have to use modern fast boats to go further north and look for solid ice surfaces. As the whale population decreases and
29、 animals move northwards, whether or not the Inuits traditional way of life can continue is thrown into question.Ajukutoq is an elected head of a small town. “Cold has never terrified us, but living on the welfare system of the Danish government has,“ he said.Its generally accepted that if the globa
30、l temperature rises by 3, Greenland will be submerged, but outspoken opponents of diehard environmentalists argue that even if that temperature rises by 7“C, Greenland wont be wiped off the face of the earth. Such argument offers valid moral grounds for tapping the resources hidden under Greenlands
31、ice sheet, and holds an obvious appeal for the people of Greenland who know precious resources lie under their feet but cannot tap those resources under the watchful eyes of the Danish government and environmentalists.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, the Little Ice Age caused _. A. the extinc
32、tion of several species B. a fundamental change in the way local people lived C. a drastic drop in temperature in a short period of time D. the disappearance of European settlements in southern Greenland（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can be concluded about the Inuit peoples way of life? _ A. Some people
33、consider it healthy and conservative. B. It is given up by many young people for modern life. C. It has remained almost unchanged for hundreds of years. D. There is the possibility that it will become a memory in this century.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Planet Earth, the immediate danger polar
34、 bears face is _. A. starvation B. loss of habitat C. hunting activity D. unbearable heat（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why does Ajukutoq keep complaining to travelers?_ A. Travelers produce too much waste. B. His fellow men have to go further north to hunt. C. Newly built factories produce pollution. D. Dani
35、sh government doesnt treat them fairly.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the last paragraph, why does the argument appeal to some Greenlanders?_ A. It may have a soothing effect on their worried minds. B. It means that Greenland will not be submerged in the years to come. C. It may help change the D
36、anish governments resource exploitation policy. D. It gives them the moral grounds for exploiting the resources under the ice sheet.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPassage Four/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Now, were always hearing about road accidents, and when were in a car, we try to drive carefully, but how many of us ta
37、ke the same degree of care in our homes? Any large hospital will tell you the number of accidents that happen in the home is almost the same as those on the road. I dont pretend to be an expert, but Ive thought a lot about how and why these accidents happen and what we can do to prevent them.One of
38、the commonest and most dangerous causes of home accidents is wrong and careless use of electrical equipment, People will continue to use a loose plug or pull out a plug without first turning off the power before mending a lamp or something else. All this will cause accidents. So the rule about anyth
39、ing that works by electricity is: switch off before you touch anything and dont pretend you know when you actually dont.If youve got children on the house, its always best to keep medicines of any kind out of their reach. Otherwise, they may be taken for candies or a new kind of drink. When there ar
40、e older people living with you, you have to take particular care in a number of ways in order to make them safe and happy.Fire, of course, is always a risk. So, remember not to dry clothes in front of fires, or leave stoves in the middle of rooms where they can easily be knocked over. And dont forge
41、t to keep the children away from fire. Smoking, too, may cause fire. So, youd better give it up.Safety first may mean a little more time and care, but it may save you a lot of trouble.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the passage that _. A. people are always careless at using electrical equipment B. t
42、here will be less home accidents if people are more careful at using electrical equipment C. children and older people should be taken special care of D. the author is an expert who studies causes of home accidents（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).One way to avoid fire accidents at home is to _. A. dry clothes n
43、ear fires B. knock over stoves C. leave stoves in the middle of rooms D. tell children to stay away from fire（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Its best to keep medicines in places that children cant _. A. get in B. get on C. get to D. get over（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the last sentence of the passage imply?
44、_ A. The first meaning of “safety“ is “time and care“. B. If you have a little more time, you should be more careful. C. In order to keep safe, its worthwhile for people to be more careful and “waste“ a little more time. D. “Safety“ can also mean “trouble“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage is mainly
45、about _. A. the importance of keeping safety B. the comparison between the number of home accidents and road accidents C. the causes of home accidents and the ways to prevent them from happening D. the danger of home accidents（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、BPassage Five/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The establishment of Eart
46、h Day began with an idea proposed in October 1969 by John McConnell, a San Francisco resident.McConnell approached the San Francisco Board of Supervisors with a resolution to devote one day a year to public awareness dedicated to nature and the fragile ecosystem that comprises it. The days events wo
47、uld emphasize the urgency of all inhabitants of the planet to take responsibility for building a healthy and ecologically sustainable planet. The board was impressed with McConnells idea and declared Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox. McConnell st
48、ated, “This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earthreminding us of Earths beautiful systems of balance which humanity has partially upset and must restore.“Earth Day was established as a national day of celebration in the United States in 1970 and was embraced by the United Nations in 1971 when it declared an Earth Day ceremony to be held each year on the day of the March Equinox. In 1970, Senator Gaylord Nelson, proposed an Earth Week for the third week in April and together with Bruce Anderson, an architect of solar energy and e
