1、英语阅读(二)自考题-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People take to alcohol for one reason or another. But what are the effects of it? It is well-known that alcohol makes people fat and leads to heart and breathing problems which fatne
2、ss makes worse. It can interfere with normal eating patterns and cause painful stomach disorders. But the part of tile body which is in most danger from alcohol is the liver. Too much drinking can lead to diseases like hepatitis (肝炎) and cirrhosis (肝硬化) of the liver which, in turn, lead to death. Bu
3、t it isnt just the physical working of the body which is affected; the mental function is also damaged. In the short term, this usually involves loss of memory. The long-term consequences involve more serious brain damage.Then there are the psychological problems, those which arise from what is happ
4、ening in the mind. Alcohol can change an individuals personality. We have seen how, without alcohol, the alcoholic (饮酒过度的人) becomes more nervous, more worded about his problems which may appear much more important than they actually are. His moods may change rapidly and violently. He often feels gui
5、lty and sorry for what he has done, but because he has lost control of himself, he continues to behave in a harmful way. In the end, he is unable to cope with even the simplest of his daily responsibilities which, of course, leads to all kinds of social problems.Often the ones who suffer most in suc
6、h circumstances are not those who have the alcohol problem, but those closest to themhusband, wives and children. They are the family which may be very loving and sympathetic; the stress of having to cope with strain is too much and leads to the break-up of marriages or the abuse of children, which
7、create further psychological and social pressures. The drinker suffers, too, as he watches his normal world fall down around him.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be concluded from the first paragraph that _. A. every person drinks alcohol for many reasons B. the death of the alcoholic is mostly caused by drinki
8、ng C. alcohol not only causes heart and breathing problems but makes fatness worse D. taking to alcohol does damage to people both physically and mentally（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is correct?_ A. Alcohol always causes stomach problems. B. Alcohol cant influence peoples n
9、ormal eating patterns. C. All liver problems arise by drinking alcohol. D. Painful stomach disorders are sometimes caused by alcohol.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “them“ (Line 2, Para. 3) refers to _. A. husbands, wives and children B. the ones C. those who have the alcohol problem D. such circumsta
10、nces（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The sentence “as he watches his normal world fall down around him“(Line 5, Para. 3) means _. A. he realizes that his life is collapsing but cannot do anything about them B. he is aware of the problems in his life but is unable to do anything about them C. he is far removed f
11、rom his place in the normal world, which is from distance D. the drinker gets ill and many people come around him（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title of the passage is _. A. Alcohol and Alcoholics B. Alcohol and Its Bad Effects C. Alcoholics and Their Families D. Alcoholics and Their Lives（分数：2.00）A.
12、B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Except for the Indians, the earliest backpackers in America were frontiersmen, who roamed the wilderness looking either for necessities such as food and water or for sources of wealth such as fur and gold. For them backpacking was a way of survival or a means of
13、 achieving what one day would be called the “American Dream“.Today, however, many people enjoy backpacking as a recreational activity. Shouldering a pack and leaving behind the world of telephone, television, and traffic promise an exciting experience. Testing ones stamina (耐力) and skills is challen
14、ging, and recapturing a sense of onesplace in the natural world can be rewarding. Moreover, backpacking is an activity that can last any length for time and can be enjoyed alone or with friends. Then too, a backpacking trip may be organized within a day or two. The backpacker and his friends have on
15、ly to decide on their destination and then organize the all-important kit, whose contents they must depend on throughout their trip. A map, compass, a flashlight, along with first aid equipment, food, and extra clothing can be rounded up without much difficulty. Once the backpackers have left word a
16、bout where they go in a note on the refrigerator door or in a message on an answering machine, they can look forward to an adventure that will lift the spirit and nourish the soul. Their outing will enable them to return in a short time to the age of technology with the courage and independence of N
17、atty Bumppo, who did indeed belong to the age of the frontier.（分数：10.00）(1).The earliest backpackers were _. A. native Americans B. Indians C. fur traders D. gold miners（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Early backpackers who roamed about in wilderness wanted to _. A. find the American dream B. find a recreation
18、in life C. relieve the stress of everyday life D. find daily necessities（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).One of the advantages of backpacking is that _. A. it can help people to know the nature better B. it is a group activity and can cure a persons loneliness C. it is not so challenging as other activities D.
19、it does not require people to decide on a destination（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the word “whose“ (Line 7, Para. 2) refer to?_ A. The backpackers. B. His friends. C. The kits. D. The backpackers and his friends.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage mainly discusses _. A. the early backpackers B. backp
20、acking as a perfect form of recreation C. how backpacking started D. why people of today are interested in backpacking（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There are two basic differences between the large and the small enterprises. In the small enterprise you operate primarily through pe
21、rsonal contacts. In the large enterprise you have established “policies“, “channels“ of organization, and fairly rigid procedures. In the small enterprise you have, moreover, immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions right away, once you
22、are a little above the ground floor. In the large enterprise even the man at the top is only a tiny part in a big machine. To be sure, his actions affect a much greater area than the actions and decisions of the man in the small organization, but his effectiveness is remote, indirect, and difficult
23、to see at first sight. In a small and even in a middle-sized business you are normally exposed to all kinds of experiences, and expected to do a great many things without too much help or guidance. In the large organization you are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is
24、 of becoming a jack-of-all-trades and master of none. In the large one it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.There is another important thing to consider: do you derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization-General Motors, the B
25、ell Telephone System, the government? Or is it more important to you to be a well-known and important figure within your own small pond? There is basic difference between the satisfaction that comes from being a member of a large, powerful, and generally known organization, and the one that comes fr
26、om being a member of a family; between impersonal greatness and personaloften much too personalintimacy; between life in a small office on the top floor of a skyscraper and life in a crossroads gas station.（分数：10.00）(1).In a small enterprise _. A. one gets more help from others in doing things than
27、one in a big enterprise B. one usually has more chances of doing different things mostly single-handed C. all the people work secretly D. one can easily get his pay increased（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In a large enterprise _. A. ones effectiveness is felt slowly B. one becomes famous easily C. the relatio
28、nships between people are more complicated D. all the people are in high spirits in working（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The expression “a jack-of-all-trades and master of none“ (Line 11, Para. 1) probably means _. A. a person who is expert at everything B. a person who knows nothing about business C. a pers
29、on who is competent of doing business D. a person who can do many different kinds of work but not necessarily well（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the author mean by saying “once you are a little above the ground floor (Line 5, Para. 1)“?_ A. Once you stand up on the first floor. B. Once you are a lit
30、tle taller than others. C. Once you make some achievements. D. You keep a little high above the ground only one time.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The second paragraph mainly discusses _. A. a sense of satisfaction one wants to get from his work B. two basic differences between the large and the small enterp
31、rises C. how one becomes a member of a famous organization D. what family life is（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPassage Four/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Packaging is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product. For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that c
32、omes in a box with a picture of a TV character. The child is more interested in the picture than in the breakfast food. Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or small gifts inside a box also motivate many children to buy products or to ask their parents for them.Some
33、 packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing. Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the container is fr
34、ee. However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product.The size of a package also motivates a buyer. Maybe the package has “Economy Size“ printed on it. This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least money. But that is not always true. To find out, a buyer h
35、as to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit.The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the whole story. Only the product inside ca
36、n do that.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements could best summarize the main idea of the passage?_ A. Children are interested in some packages of products. B. Package is one of the important ways of advertising. C. People prefer to buy the products in plain containers. D. The size of a pa
37、ckage usually motivates a buyer.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “a buyer will get something for nothing“ (Line 1, Para. 2) probably means _. A. a buyer will get something free of charge B. a buyer will get something useless C. a buyer will get something useful D. nothing is worth buying（分数：2.00）A.B.
38、C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?_ A. Sometimes people are easily motivated by packages. B. Small children sometimes are more interested in games printed on a package than the product itself. C. A product in a reusable container must be cheaper than a si
39、milar product in a plain container. D. “Economy Size“ doesnt always suggest that people can buy the most product for the least money.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the word “them“ (Line 5, Para. 1) refer to?_ A. Small gifts. B. Pictures. C. Games. D. Products.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the autho
40、r imply in the last paragraph?_ A. Package is just an advertisement. B. Buyers shouldnt believe the information on the package too much. C. The package has nothing to do at all with the product. D. Buyers can always find answers in the information on the package.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、BPassage Five/(总题数
41、：1，分数：10.00)Sometimes teens need to have some time away from their families. They may want to move out of the family home for a while.Many parents will say no to this demand. But experts say it might be a good idea to let your teens live with a friend or relative.“It was the break I needed at the ti
42、me,“ said Richard Lerner. He is talking about the time he spent living with his grandmother when he was 15.“It allowed me to be a different person than I was with my parents.“ Lerner said. He now heads the Institute for Children, Youth and Families at Michigan State University.Experts say teens livi
43、ng away from their families can test new ways of thinking and getting along with people. They may see new solutions to problems.This is different from running away, the experts stress. Runaways are often fleeing serious problems.Some teens who want some time away from family attend a Ustructured/U s
44、ummer program. Others live for a while with a relative or with the family of a friend.If there is conflict at home, having a teen live elsewhere can benefit other family members. It gives everyone space redevelop better relationships.Joseph Kett teaches history at the University of Virginia in Charl
45、ottesville. He says living at home until the late teen years has become the norm only in recent times.“In the 17th century, children were often sent to live in other peoples homes when they were about 10 or 11.“ he said.Peter Sheras teaches education at the University of Virginia. He said parents sh
46、ould listen when a child wants to move out. They should try to find out why the child wants some time away.Often, parents can help the child find a safe place to stay during that time. In other cases, they can meet the childs needs at home.（分数：10.00）(1).According to this passage, many parents think
47、it _ for their children to live away from them. A. right B. happy C. unsafe D. reasonable（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).When children seriously disagree with their parents, experts suggest that parents should _. A. punish them B. let them live away from their families C. send for a teacher D. keep them in the
48、 house（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The underlined word “structured“ means _. A. built B. stuck C. organized D. drunk（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In history, _. A. teens never left their families B. teens often left their parents C. teens never went to school D. teens never make friends with each other（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Nowadays living away and running away from home _. A. never happen B. often worry parents and teachers C. are very popular D. are accepted by people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.八、BPART TWO/B(总题数：0，分数：0
