1、英语阅读(二)自考题-20 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One of the most important ways people have of communicating is done non-verbally, or without the use of words. Just as a bird watcher delights in watching birds, so the non-verbalis
2、t delights in watching the non-verbal signals of human beings. But instead of going into the countryside, the non-verbalist watches people at social functions at beaches, on television, at the office or anywhere that people interact. The person who studies such examples of human behavior wants to le
3、arn about the actions of his fellow humans so that he may ultimately learn more about himself and find ways to improve his relationships with others.One of the first and most important works on this topic was Charles Darwins The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animal, published in 1872. In it
4、Darwin believed that expressions of emotion are similar among humans, regardless of culture. He based his belief on mans evolutionary origin. This work led to modern-day studies of facial expressions and body language, when, in the 1950s, two researchers, Brunet and Taguiri, wrote, after thirty year
5、s of study, that the best available research showed that there were no unchanging patterns accompanying specific emotions.Some fourteen years later, American researchers found that new research supported Darwins old belief. They had conducted studies in five widely different continents and concluded
6、: “Observers in these cultures recognize some of the same emotions when they are shown a set of facial photographs.“ Researchers all over the world have noted and recorded almost one million non-verbal signals. Albert Mehrabian found that the total effect of a human message is about 7% verbal (words
7、 only), 38% vocal (including tone of voice, inflection, etc.) and 55% non-verbal (gestures and body language). One Professor Birdwhistle estimated that the average person actually speaks words for a total of about ten or eleven minutes a day, and that the average sentence takes only about 2.5 second
8、s. He also found that actual face-to-face conversation between people amounted to about 35% while over 65% of communication is done non-verbally.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of this passage is _. A. people communicate mostly through body language B. Charles Darwin was the first person to study human
9、emotions C. words are the most important part of communication D. all emotions are expressed in the same way all over the world（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “non-verbally“ (Line 1, Para. 1) means _. A. without using language B. with the use of words C. with using verbs D. with using signal（分数：2.00）A
10、.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the non-verbalist goes to social functions because _. A. he likes to go there B. he delights in talking with people there C. he wants to learn about the actions of his fellow humans D. he wants to improve his relationship with people there（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Whi
11、ch of the following is not true? _ A. Verbal communication is not important in human life. B. Charles Darwin was the first person to study human emotions. C. Without considering culture, facial expressions of emotion are similar among humans. D. What Brunet and Taguiri found was not the same as Darw
12、ins.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Brunet and Taguiri began their study of facial expressions and body language _. A. in the 1950s B. in the 1920s C. in the 1980s D. in the 1930s（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Time talks. It speaks more plainly than words. Time communicates in many ways. Cons
13、ider the different parts of the day, for example. The time of the day when something is done can give a special meaning to the event. Factory managers in the United States fully realize the importance of an announcement made during the middle of the morning or afternoon that takes everyone away from
14、 his work. Whenever they want to make an important announcement, they ask, “When shall we let them know?“In social life, time plays a very important part. In the United States, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days be
15、fore the party date. But this is perhaps not true in some other countries. There it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten.The meanings of time differ in different parts of the world. Thus
16、, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life. For example, no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour. It would be too impolite. When equals meet, a person who is five minutes late is expe
17、cted to make a short apology. If he is less than five minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.In the western world, particularly in the United States, people tend to think of time as something fixed in nature, something from which one ca
18、nnot escape. As a rule, Americans think of time as a road stretching into the future, along which one progresses. The road has many sections which are to be kept separate “one thing at a time“. People who cannot plan events are not highly regarded. The American idea of the future is limited, however
19、. It is the foreseeable future, not the future of the South Asian, which may involve centuries. Someone has said of the South Asian idea of time. “Time is like a museum with endless halls and rooms. You, the viewer, are walking through the museum in the dark, holding a light to each scene as you pas
20、s it. God is in charge of the museum, and only He knows all that is in it. One lifetime represents one room.“Since time has such different meanings in different cultures, communication is often difficult. We will understand each other a little better if we can keep this fact in mind.（分数：10.00）(1).Wh
21、ich of the following statements is true about the social life in America? _ A. It is considered foolish that you plan an appointment one week earlier. B. It is impolite that one is informed of an appointment three days earlier. C. The ideas about keeping time in America and in China are not differen
22、t. D. The fact that who announces an appointment usually matters much.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Factory managers in America _. A. usually avoid giving announcements in working hours B. think the time for an announcement barely makes special meaning C. consult their colleagues before giving very important
23、 announcements D. often consider what is the best time to give important announcements（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, in the United States, when you are _. A. one minute late, you are considered punctual B. two minutes earlier, you are regarded as trustworthy C. ten minutes late, you
24、should give a long explanation D. five minutes late, you should make a short apology（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The American philosophical idea of time is that one should. _ A. do one thing at a time B. avoid delaying his work C. plan for the distant future D. constantly evaluate his plans（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.
25、(5).The Asian philosophical idea of time is that time is _. A. like a dark museum where one sees little B. like a candle light shining in a dark museum C. like a scaring trip on the road to the unknown future D. like a tour into a mysterious and supernatural world（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage Three(总题
26、数：1，分数：10.00)At the beginning of the twentieth century, there were four powerful means of transmit-ting and receiving information over long distances: print, photography, telegraph and telephone. By the middle of the 20th century, both radio and television had become established means of transmittin
27、g sounds and pictures. In 1964, the Olympic Games in Tokyo became the first program to be transmitted via satellite.In order to transmit an event such as the Olympics via satellite, television signals are first changed into radio waves, which are then sent from a station on earth to an orbiting sate
28、llite. The satellite receives the radio waves and sends them back to earth, where another station picks them up and changes them back into television signals. Because any form of sound or visual information can be changed into radio waves, satellites are capable of transmitting not only television b
29、roadcasts, but telephone calls and printed materials such as books and magazines.The combination of satellites, which transmit information, computers, which store in-formation, and television, which displays information, will change every home into an education and entertainment center. In theory, e
30、very person will have access to an unlimited amount of information.Another important use of telecommunication satellite was demonstrated in 1974 when the “Teacher in Sky“ satellite transmitted educational programs to classes in remote areas of the United States. In 1975, many people in India saw tel
31、evision for the first time as they watched programs about agriculture and health.The most common use of telecommunication satellites, however, has been for transmit- ting telephone calls. Most of them travel 40,000 miles to a satellite and then back to earth. Twenty years ago, a satellite was capabl
32、e of receiving and transmitting more than 33,000 telephone conversations. Now a single satellite is able to transmit over 100,000 conversations as well as several television channelsall at the same time.Telecommunication can make information from around the world available to use quickly and easily,
33、 but some people worry that this may be a risk to our privacy; If personal information is stored in computers, then it may be easily transmitted via satellite to anyone who can pay for the service.Another worry is that telecommunication system may separate people from each other. When people are abl
34、e to buy things from their homes, do their banking without leaving the house, watch any movie they want on their television, as well as get any information they need, then there will not be as much contact between people.It is important to realize that the same technology that helps us may also harm
35、 us, We can prevent this from happening by carefully controlling the new technology. As one telecommunication expert says, “We must remember that technology alone is not the answer. It is the good application of technology that will lead us to success.“（分数：10.00）(1).When did radio and television bec
36、ome an accepted means of transmitting sounds and pictures? _ A. In 1964. B. At the beginning of the twentieth century. C. In 1974. D. By the middle of the twentieth century.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The television signals are transmitted in the form of _. A. radio waves B. sound waves C. carefully design
37、ed numbers D. special light rays（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How far does a telephone call usually travel via satellite to complete the whole trip? _ A. 40,000 miles. B. 80,000 miles. C. 18,000 miles. D. Not mentioned in the passage.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What may people worry about while using telecommunicat
38、ion? _ A. Having too much unwanted information. B. Wasting their time. C. Losing their jobs. D. A risk to their privacy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the expert saying in the last few lines mean? _ A. Technology is important. B. Telecommunication can help us make success. C. Good technology can sol
39、ve a lot of problems. D. The use of technology in a wise can bring us success.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPART TWO/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each wor
40、d definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.IBM CEO Louis V. Gerstner Jr. calls the thousands of Internet startups that disappeared soon after their initial capital infusions ran out “fire flies before the storm.“ Their na
41、mes are legion, and more have been rushing to join without letup. Garden. com (gardening supplies), Living. com (home furnishings), Toysmart. com (educational playthings), Eve. com (beauty products), Homewarehouse. com (household products), Cyberhomes (where prospective home buyers could access list
42、ings of properties for sale), Red Gorilla. com (online billing), Craftshop. com (arts and crafts store), and Babygear. com (discount baby products) are all illustrative of what Gerstner dubs “dot-toast.“Dot-coms have been failing at the same time as the number of online customers has been exploding.
43、 Its believed the Internet was born in 1969 when two computers at the University of California, Los Angeles, were connected by a 15-foot cable, with bits of meaningless data flowing between them. Since then the Net has taken off, with some 137 million U. S. computers online plus another 152 million
44、outside the United States, according to the U. S. Internet Council in Washington, D. C. And while the number of Internet-linked computers is surging, the volume of traffic they are carrying is increasing even faster. Some projections have it doubling every 100 days.This is not surprising since a hal
45、lmark of the Cyber Age is connectivity and the sharing of information. The assertion that “information is meant to be free“ is an increasing reality since it can be moved from those who have it to those who need it in the blink of an eyeand at virtually no cost, unlike for other media. This computer
46、-driven contribution to the vitality of the U. S. economy is immeasurable.One of the Internets truly great features is that anybody can be a player who has an idea for a Web site and a few dollars to get it up and running. Possibly the most notorious site of all is the one dreamed up by an 18-year-o
47、ld dropout from Northeastern University in Boston, Shawn Fanning, nicknamed the “Napster“ for his unruly red hair. He created the worlds biggest online free-music community, which allows 38 million popular music lovers to swap hundreds of recordings, using the Napster system as a search engine to fi
48、nd exactly what they want.（分数：20.00）(1).a large number (Para. 1)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).likely to become or be (Para. 1)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).to give a nickname to (Para. 1)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).a prediction or an estimate of something in the future, based on present data or trends (Para. 2)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).a conspicuous feature or characteristic (Para. 3)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).something declared or stated positively, often with no support or attempt at proof (Para. 3)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).strength, power, energy (Para. 3)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_
