1、英语阅读(二)自考题-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Computers should be in the schools. They have the potential to accomplish great things. With the right software, they could help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like
2、art and music. They could help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying onscreen a version of the city in which they livea picture that tracks real life moment by moment.In practice, however, computers make our worst educational nightmares come true. While we bemoan the decline of lite
3、racy, computers discount words in favor of pictures and pictures in favor of video. While we fret about the decreasing cogency of public debate, computers dismiss linear argument and promote fast, shallow romps across the information landscape. While we worry about basic skills, we allow into the cl
4、assroom software that will do a students arithmetic or correct his spelling.Take multimedia. The idea of multimedia is to combine text, sound and pictures in a single package that you browse on screen. You dont just read Shakespeare; you watch actors performing, listen to songs, view Elizabethan bui
5、ldings. Whats wrong with that? By offering children candy-coated books, multimedia is guaranteed to sour them on unsweetened reading. It makes the printed page look even more boring than it used to look. Sure, books will be available in the classroom, toobut theyll have all the appeal of a dusty pia
6、no to a teen who has a Walkman handy.So what if the little nippers dont read? If theyre watching Olivier instead, what do they lose? The text, the written word along with all of its attendant pleasures. Besides, a book is more portable than a computer, has a higher-resolution display, can be written
7、 on and dog-eared and is comparatively dirt cheap.Hypermedia, multimedias comrade in the struggle for a brave new classroom, is just as troubling. Its a way of presenting documents on screen without imposing a linear start-to-finish order. Disembodied paragraphs are linked by theme; after reading on
8、e about the First World War, for example, you might be able to choose another about the technology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines in the 20s. This is another cute idea that is good in minor ways and terrible in major ones. Teaching children to understand the orderly unfol
9、ding of a plot or a logical argument is a crucial part of education. Authors dont merely agglomerate paragraphs; they work hard to make the narrative read a certain way, prove a particular point. To turn a book or a document into hypertext is to invite readers to ignore exactly what countsthe story.
10、（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT an accusation of the use of computers in teaching children by the author?_ A. It is getting worse and worse illiteracy. B. It does not help cultivating students ability to develop linear argument. C. It prevents students from developing their basic skills.
11、 D. It teaches bad arithmetic and spelling.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is the idea of multimedia according to the passage?_ A. To exclude boring reading text and make learning process more enjoyable. B. To combine text, sound and pictures in one package. C. To combine Shakespeare, ac
12、tors performing, songs and theatre together. D. To offer children candy-coated books.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author uses the comparison between a dusty piano and a walkman as _. A. an analogy to show that teens will lose interest in reading once they are exposed to multimedia B. an example to illus
13、trate the rapid advance in technology and social studies C. a reason to explain the cause of the conflict between traditional and modern way of teaching D. an evidence to support his argument on multimedia learning for children（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author disagrees with the use of modern hypermed
14、ia mainly for the reason that _. A. its non-linear arrangement of knowledge will not teach children to understand a logical argument B. it deprives children of the pleasure of reading books C. it does not present documents on screen properly D. its harmful to the training of children on concentratio
15、n（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In Para. 5, the author mentions “the technology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines in the 20s“ to show _. A. the width of information you can find with hypermedia B. his encyclopedical knowledge C. the width of influence of World War on social life D. th
16、e non-linear arrangement of information with hypermedia（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)? The answer is not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or
17、regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many.It was a great shock to me to discover that I had motor neuron disease. I had never been very well co-coordinated physically as a child. I was not good at ball games, and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers. Maybe for thi
18、s reason, I didnt care much for sport or physical activities. But things seemed to change when I went to Oxford, at the age of 17. I took up coxing and rowing. I was not boat race standard, but I got by at the level of inter-college competition.In my third year at Oxford, however, I noticed that I s
19、eemed to be getting clumsier, and I fell over once or twice for no apparent reason. But it was not until I was at Cambridge, in the following year, that my father noticed, and took me to the family doctor. He referred me to a specialist, and shortly after my 21st birthday, I went into hospital for t
20、ests. I was in for two weeks, during which I had a wide variety of tests. They took a muscle sample from my arm, stuck electrodes into me, and injected some radio opaque fluid into my spine, and watched it going up and down with x-rays, as they tilted the bed. After all that, they didnt tell me what
21、 I had, except that it was not multiple sclerosis, and that I was an atypical case. I gathered, however, that they expected it to continue to get worse, and that there was nothing they could do, except give me vitamins. I could see that they didnt expect them to have much effect. I didnt feel like a
22、sking for more details, because they were obviously bad.The realization that I had an incurable disease, that was likely to kill me in a few years, was a bit of a shock. How could something like that happen to me? Why should I be cut off like this? However, while I had been in hospital, I had seen a
23、 boy I vaguely knew die of leukemia, in the bed opposite me. It had not been a pretty sight. Clearly there were people who were worse off than me. At least my condition didnt make me feel sick. Whenever I feel inclined to be sorry for myself I remember that boy.Not knowing what was going to happen t
24、o me, or how rapidly the disease would progress, I was at a loose end. The doctors told me to go back to Cambridge and carry on with the research I had just started in general relativity and cosmology. But I was not making much progress, because I didnt have much mathematical background. And, anyway
25、, I might not live long enough to finish my Ph D. I felt somewhat of a tragic character. I took to listening to Wagner.My dreams at that time were rather disturbed. Before my condition had been diagnosed, I had been very bored with life. There had not seemed to be anything worth doing. But shortly a
26、fter I came out of hospital, I dreamt that I was going to be executed. I suddenly realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things I could do if I were reprieved, Another dream, that I had several times, was that I would sacrifice my life to save others. After all, if I were going to die anyway,
27、it might as well do some good. But I didnt die. In fact, although there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research, and I got engaged to a girl called Jane Wilde, whom I had met just
28、 about the time my condition was diagnosed. That engagement changed my life. It gave me something to live for. But it also meant that I had to get a job if we were to get married. I therefore applied for a research fellowship at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. To my great surprise, I got a fe
29、llowship, and we got married a few months later.（分数：10.00）(1).Why Hawking was not so keen on sport or physical activities before he went to Oxford?_ A. He was too shy to play with his peers. B. He had ALS disease already. C. He didnt like competitions. D. He was not good at ball games.（分数：2.00）A.B.C
30、.D.(2).What happened to Hawkings health in his third year at Oxford? _ A. Getting dizzy and faint a lot every time he was in his lab. B. Getting clumsier, and falling over once or twice for no apparent reason. C. Getting more pains while walking or running on the campus. D. Getting absent-minded whe
31、n he was writing his research papers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).After the tests, the doctors could do nothing for Hawkings disease except giving him _ though the doctors themselves didnt expect them to have much effect. A. vitamins B. encouragements C. more tests D. warnings（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The boy wh
32、o died of leukemia made Hawking realize that _. A. his health may be improved if the doctors tried hard enough B. death is fatal and uncontrollable to all human beings C. there were people who were even worse off than him D. one will die no matter how strong-minded he is（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Shortly
33、after he came out of hospital, Hawking suddenly realized that _. A. he should finish his PhD studies on cosmology B. he should get married and have kids of his own C. there were a lot of friends he should visit D. there were lots of worthwhile things he could do（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage Three(总题数：
34、1，分数：10.00)American Sports represent a fabric of American culture. Sports act as a unifying factor between people of all ages. Of all the sports that America has to offer, baseball is considered the pastime of this country. Americans did not always regard baseball and other sports in such a benign m
35、anner. Rather, sports during the early colonial times were seen as pagan and devilish things to do. Many elite and wealthy gentry who embodied the Victorian ideals regarded any type of games or sports as ill vices. It was the common people who directly related sports to their religion. On days of re
36、ligious celebration, early Americans joined together to play games. These folk games were unstructured and unruly; however, the unity that these games brought, created a need for professional sporting games. Folk games provided the foundation of sports. They created a sense of companionship and unis
37、on among individuals. These unorganized folk games created the threshold for organized sports and led to the transformation of the players roles and the role of the audience, Amateurs became professional athletes, and the game an organized business. The game of baseball evolved from the English game
38、 of cricket and rounders. It was not until the time of the Civil War that baseball began to be played frequently.However with the transformation of the nation, Society and technology, folk games too began to evolve into spectator sports. After the Civil War, baseball became a popular sport and no lo
39、nger an archaic folk game. Structure and organization were introduced gradually into the game and increased public participation. The sport at first excluded the public, but as economic interests infiltrated the game, the need for audiences and spectators arose. The audience of baseball was instrume
40、ntal in the transformation of baseball. The battling leagues and team rivalries created a sector for the American public to participate in baseball. The process of the transformation of American folk games into spectator games was due to capitalism, evolution of American society, urban settings, lev
41、el of player performance, technological advances and the addition of structure and organization to the games; thus, transforming the sport of baseball into a monopolized and professional business.Organized Baseball and the Commission have propagated the myth that General Abner Double-day invented th
42、e game of baseball. This was an attempt to make baseball an American game. The Commission wanted to distinguish baseball as a truly American game that originated in Cooperstown, New York.This was a publicity stunt in order to create a sense of nationalism around the game in order to make the fans be
43、lieve that this was their game and it belonged to no other country. It was an attempt to popularize baseball to the highest degree. The legend states that Abner Doubleday at Cooperstown invented baseball in 1839. This myth was generated in 1907 by the Commission of Baseball when Albert Spalding hire
44、d his friend, Abraham Mills, to form a commission to investigate the origins of the game. These men gathered information from some of the oldest players known to have played the game. Spalding recognized the appeal of patriotism and the dynamics of myth making. Historical myths and legends play a la
45、rge role in forming national identity and patriotic pride. This myth enabled baseball to break all traces and origins of the game from England. This was in fact a farce. Scholars and historians both disprove this myth and trace baseballs origins to old English games of rounders and criquet. In 1939,
46、 Baseball celebrated its one hundredth birthday and created the Hall of Fame at Cooperstown, New York. In the same year, the United States government created a commemorative stamp, which made 1839 the official birth day of baseball. This enabled Baseball to establish itself as a strange American rel
47、igion in which people could return to the birthplace of the game to celebrate and remember it. Although this myth was pure falicy, the intent of the myth did enable baseball to distinguish itself as purely American and contributed to the sport becoming Americas National Pastime.（分数：10.00）(1).Today b
48、aseball in the United States is regarded as _. A. a pastime of the nation B. a benign sport C. a folk game D. a pagan game（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The obstacle to the early development of games is _. A. the Puritan and Victorian ideals B. the popularity of rivalries C. the absence of structure and organ
49、ization D. the commercialization of the game（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Baseball has been transformed from a folk game into a _. A. spectator one B. urban one C. rounders D. threshold（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The myth created by Organized Baseball and the Commission intended to _. A. find its real origin B. appeal to audience C. establish a legend D. stimulate a nat
