1、英语阅读(二)自考题-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Plants and animals that have been studied carefully seem to have built-in clocks. These biological clocks, as they are called, usually are not quite exact in measuring time. However
2、, they work pretty well because they are “reset“ each day, when the sun comes up.Do pigeons use their biological clocks to help them find directions from the sun? We can keep pigeons in a room 1it only by lamps. And we can program the lighting to produce artificial “days“, different from the day out
3、side. After a while we have shifted their clocks. Now we take them far away from home and let them go on a sunny day. Most of them start out as if they know just which way to go, but choose a wrong direction. They have picked a direction that would be correct for the position of the sun and the time
4、 of day according to their shifted clocks.It is known and experimented that homing pigeons can tell directions by the sun. But what happens when the sky is darkly overcast by clouds and no one can see where the sun is? Then the pigeons still find their way home. The same experiment has been repeated
5、 many times on sunny days and the result was always the same. But on very overcast days clock-shifted pigeons are just as good as normal pigeons in starting out in the right directions. So it seems that pigeons also have some extra sense of direction to use when they cannot see the sun.Naturally, pe
6、ople have wondered whether pigeons might have a built-in compasssome- thing that would tell them about the directions of the earths magnetic field. One way to test that idea would be to see if a pigeons sense of direction can be fooled by a magnet attached to its back. With a strong magnet close by,
7、 a compass can no longer tell direction.To test the idea, a group of ten pigeons had strong little magnet bars attached to their backs. Another group carried brass bars instead which were not magnetic. In a number of experiments, both groups were taken away from home and let go. On sunny days none o
8、f the magnet-pigeons was fooled. They were just as good as the brass-pigeons in starting out in the right direction toward home. On cloudy, overcast days, however, with no sun the brass-pigeons chose the right direction, but the magnet-pigeons were in trouble. They later started out in different dir
9、ections and acted completely lost.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can best describe the organization of the passage? _ A. Questions are raised first and then experiments to answer them are cited. B. Opinions are given first and then evidences against them are quoted. C. Statements come first an
10、d examples supporting them follow. D. Peoples long held beliefs are cited first and exceptions come after.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can be inferred from the passage about biological clocks? _ A. They are used by all plants and animals to tell time. B. Pigeons biological clocks are regulated every da
11、y with the sunrise. C. The built-in biological clocks cannot be changed. D. They gradually developed as pigeons grow mature.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How can people shift pigeons biological clocks? _ A. By training them when they are young. B. By minor and harmless operations. C. By taking them really fa
12、r away from home. D. By keeping them in artificial days.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which is true about pigeons finding directions? _ A. With a brass on back they can find directions sooner. B. They can find directions better than other birds. C. They use the earths magnetic field and the sun to find direc
13、tions. D. They can find directions only to their home.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the author want to say by citing the last experiment? _ A. On heavily cloudy days, pigeons that are not well trained do not fly. B. Pigeons use different sources to find directions on different weather. C. Magnetic
14、field is an important source in helping pigeons to find directions. D. The little magnet bars make it easier for pigeons to find directions.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)During his lifetime Alfred Nobel reaped millions of dollars in profits from his invention and manufacture of hi
15、gh explosives. Some of these greatly increased the killing power of weapons and so made war more terrible. Nobel, nevertheless, left much of his fortune for the promotion of world peace as well as the advancement of scientific knowledge and the encouragement of literary achievement.Alfred Bernhard N
16、obel was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on Oct. 21, 1833. Alfred was a sickly child. He was educated at home. Instead of going to high school he traveled widely. He learned chemistry and mechanical engineering in private studies and study abroad. At 21, he joined his father and brother in St. Petersburg
17、. The father had begun some experiments with nitroglycerin but had abandoned them. Alfred resumed these experiments and invented a blasting cap, made of fulminate of mercury, to fire a charge of nitroglycerin. The cap was a very important development.Although still sickly, Nobel took charge of the f
18、amily business. In 1863 he returned to Sweden and set up a small factory to make nitroglycerin. A year later a terrific explosion destroyed the plant and killed five people. One was his youngest brother, Emil. Nobel, how-ever, refused to give up his work and moved the plant to a barge moored in a la
19、ke. Further tragedies occurred. In 1866, after disastrous explosions at world ports, many nations for-bade their vessels to carry nitroglycerin. Nobel then sought to make the explosive safer to handle. He found the answer in dynamite.The invention made Nobel wealthy. He spent the next ten years sett
20、ing up plants in the United States and Europe. In 1876 he patented blasting gelatin, a combination of guncotton and nitroglycerin. In 1878 he and his brothers developed oil fields in Russia. He invented ballistite in 1888, one of the first smokeless powders.Nobel never married. He found recreation i
21、n his laboratory and in writing poetry in imitation of his idol, Percy Bysshe Shelley. In later years he traveled throughout Europe and had homes in Paris, in Stockholm, and in San Remo, Italy. In 1876 he met Bertha Kinsky (later Baroness yon Suttner), a Bohemian noblewoman. In letters to Nobel over
22、 several years she developed his ideas for world peace. Nobels bequest for a peace prize was largely in tribute to her, though he was somewhat doubtful of the effectiveness of the pacifist movement. He died in 1896 at San Remo, leaving the executors of his will to work out the details of administeri
23、ng the Nobel prizes.（分数：10.00）(1).Nobel made a fortune out of _. A. his promotion of world peace B. his advancement of scientific knowledge C. his encouragement of literary achievement D. his invention and manufacture of high explosives（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Nobel resumed the experiments his father ha
24、d abandoned and _. A. succeeded in finishing his self-education B. used nitroglycerin for the first time C. invented nitroglycerin D. made a very important development（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Nobel invented dynamite, which _. A. was more powerful than nitroglycerin B. made the explosive safer C. caused
25、disastrous explosions D. frightened many nations（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is true about Nobel? _ A. Nobel helped the U.S. become wealthy by setting up plants. B. Nobel was one of the first inventors of ballistite C. Nobel went to Russia to develop oil fields with smokeless powders.
26、 D. Nobel combined guncotton and nitroglycerin to form blasting gelatin.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Bertha Kinsky _. A. helped Nobel become one of the leading pacifists in the world B. was the first woman to win a Nobel peace prize C. made Nobel change his will D. developed Nobels ideas for world peace（分数：
27、2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART TWO/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write
28、the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.Camps are either temporary, that is changed from day to day, or they are permanent and may be visited year after year, or they may be used for a few weeks at a time. Temporary camps are the ones we are considering, and these can be elaborate or very, very simp
29、le. I prefer the latter, and I am sure the boys will agree with me.During the autumn and when the weather is dry and the nights not too cool, the best way to camp is in the open, sleeping on beds of boughs, about a roaring fire, and with one blanket under and another over.Small dog tents, like the o
30、nes our soldiers carried in the Civil War, are cheap and very convenient. Each man carried a section, and two made a tent, into which two men crawled when it rained, but in dry weather they preferred to sleep in the open, even when it was freezing.Shelters of boughs, arranged in an A-formed fashion
31、from a ridge pole make good temporary shelters and are first rate as wind breaks at night.A shack built of crossed logs requires some time to build and some skill to make, but it is not beyond the reach of any boy who has seenand who has notan old-fashioned log shanty.（分数：20.00）(1).not lasting (Para
32、. 1)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).complicated (Para. 1)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).making a loud sound (Para. 2)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).bed covering (Para. 2)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).moved with the body close to the ground (Para. 3)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).held above other things (Para. 3)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).terribly cold (Para. 3
33、)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).a long rounded piece of wood (Para. 4)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).outside the limits (Para. 5)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).a roughly-built house like a shack (Para. 5)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_七、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Directions: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraph is f
34、ollowed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.Paragraph OneYou cant always run away, but you can “dream the impossible dream“. A quiet country scene painted mentally can let you escape from
35、a stressful situation. Change the scene by reading a good book or playing beautiful music to create a sense of peace.1. Create a quiet s _.Paragraph TwoAt present the mass media, including print, TV and radio, are flooded with advertisements.There is growing worry among some people who believe that
36、youngsters are adversely affected by them and advocate that something must be done to place restrictions on them. Unhealthy parts should be eliminated from ads.2. Suggestions for curbing n _ influence of media over the youth.Paragraph ThreeThe popularity of rivalries fueled the attraction of the gam
37、e (baseball) and caused it to become the national pastime. The sport transformed from being a game of amateurs into a sport played by professionals. With that transformation, the innocence of baseball had been lost.3. Baseball t _ to a professional sport.Paragraph FourWe do not realize how much we d
38、epend on the earths gravity until we are deprived of it. Then our feet no longer stay on the ground, we float around in the air, and the slightest touch may send us drifting off in the opposite direction.4. Situation in absence of g _.Paragraph FiveOne system using solar energy to clean up pollution
39、 in water has banks of moving mirrors that focus sunlight onto a waterfall of waste water. The other method reflects light from a mirrored trough onto waste water flowing through glass tubes. The solar purifiers will reduce concentration of organic pollutants to a few parts per billion.5. Two method
40、s for water t _ with solar energy.Paragraph SixHe has never hurt me or been vicious towards me but, at times, I have hated him and it is only since I have started to mature that I have learned to accept him for who he is.6. Learn to a _ a person.Paragraph SevenPreview your reading to prepare yoursel
41、f to read about unfamiliar topic. Reading often presents new ideas, events, and people. It is useful to preview the next to see if you can learn something about new topic before beginning to read. This will help you to understand the reading more fully, and allow you to read without interrupting you
42、r reading to look things up.7. A reading t _.Paragraph EightOn Tuesday, 15 September 2000, the Secretary-General honored former three-time World Heavyweight Champion Muhammad All as a United Nations Messenger of Peace. Messengers of Peace are individuals who possess widely recognized talents in the
43、fields of arts, literature, music and sports, who have agreed to help focus worldwide attention on the work of the United Nations.8. A new t _ for Muhammad All.Paragraph NineKnowing your weak points can also help you avoid situations that can push you over the edge. If you hate traffic, for example,
44、 go in to work earlier or come home later. If you need a breather between work and family responsibilities, go to the gym for an hour before going home. Too much had news on TV? You can shut it off or change the channel. Also consider cutting down your hours on the Internet.9. Knowing yourself well
45、to a _ anger.Paragraph TenIt is strange that college students, who are young elite of society, have difficulty in finding jobs.There are several reasons for that.10. It is d _ for students to find jobs.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_八、B(总题数：5，分数：40.00
46、)1.After four straight years of lower crime levels, some crime experts and law enforcement officials have even dared boldly to suggest that were winning the war against crime.（分数：8.00）_2.While many police officials can legitimately feel gratified about the arrested crime rate better that it be down
47、than upthere is much more to the great crime drop story.（分数：8.00）_3.There are actually two crime trends ongoing in Americaone for the young and one for the mature, which are moving in opposite directions.（分数：8.00）_4.In the overall crime mix, the sharp decline in crime among the large adult population has eclipsed the rising crime rate among the
