1、英语阅读(二)自考题-14 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)About three hundred years ago, there were approximately half a billion people in the world. In the two centuries that followed the population doubled, and, by 1850, there were more
2、than a billion people in the world. It took only 75 years for the figure to double once more, so that now the population figure stands at approximately six and one half billion. Each day the population of the world increases by about 150,000.In former centuries the population grew slowly. Famines, w
3、ars, and epidemics, such as the plague and cholera, killed many people. Today, although the birth rate has not changed significantly, the death rate has been lowered considerably by various kinds of progress.Machinery has made it possible to produce more and more food in vast areas, such as the plai
4、ns of America and Russia. Crops have increased almost everywhere and people are growing more and more food. New forms of food preservation have also been developed so that food need not be eaten as soon as it has grown. Meat, fish, fruit and vegetables can be dried, tinned or frozen, then stored for
5、 later use.Improvement in communications and transportation has made it possible to send more food from the place where it is produced to other places where it is needed. This has helped reduced the number of famines.Generally speaking, people live in conditions of greater security. Practices such a
6、s the slave trade, which caused many useless deaths, have been stopped.Progress in medicine and hygiene has made it possible for people to live longer. People in Europe and North America live, on the average, twice as long as they did a hundred years ago. In other countries, too, people generally li
7、ve much longer than they once did. Babies, especially, have a far better chance of growing up because of increased protection against infant disease. However, all countries do not benefit to the same degree from this program in medicine and hygiene.In Europe and North America, the growing population
8、 has had the advantage of greater quantities of natural resources and food. However, in some places, such as the monsoon countries of Asia, the birth rate has always been very high. Now, with better hygienic conditions and better medical care, fewer babies die; but the birth rate has not changed. Th
9、is means that the population is growing very rapidly and that there is not enough food for everyone.Half the worlds people live in Asia, but most of them are concentrated in the coastal regions and on the islands. The same type of populace concentration is true of other continents, although they are
10、 often far less populated. There are still vast regions of the larger continents, mountainous areas, deserts, the far north, and tropical jungles.（分数：10.00）(1).The population of the world is now approximately _. A. 2,500,000,000 B. 3,000,000,000 C. 3,500,000,000 D. 6,500,000,000（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).
11、Population has increased rapidly in the last 75 years because _. A. people have more children B. various kinds of progress prolong lives C. there are not many wars D. all fatal diseases have been conquered（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which factor has not helped increase population? _ A. Machinery. B. Progre
12、ss in medicine. C. Physical training. D. Epidemics.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Para. 36 are introduced by _. A. the second paragraph B. the third sentences of the second paragraph C. the first sentence of the third paragraph D. the first sentence of the second paragraph（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It would seem to
13、 be desirable _. A. to stop the growth of population B. to reduce the population of the monsoon countries C. to increase the population of the European countries D. to try to make empty regions more habitable（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sometimes teens need to have some time away
14、 from their families. They may want to move out of the family home for a while.Many parents will say no to this demand. But experts say it might be a good idea to let your teens live with a friend or relative.“It was the break I needed at the time,“ said Richard Lerner. He is talking about the time
15、he spent living with his grandmother when he was 15.“It allowed me to be a different person than I was with my parents.“ Lerner said. He now heads the Institute for Children, Youth and Families at Michigan State University.Experts say teens living away from their families can test new ways of thinki
16、ng and getting along with people. They may see new solutions to problems.This is different from running away, the experts stress. Runaways are often fleeing serious problems.Some teens who want some time away from family attend a Ustructured/U summer program. Others live for a while with a relative
17、or with the family of a friend.If there is conflict at home, having a teen live elsewhere can benefit other family members. It gives everyone space redevelop better relationships.Joseph Kett teaches history at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. He says living at home until the late teen
18、years has become the norm only in recent times.“In the 17th century, children were often sent to live in other peoples homes when they were about 10 or 11,“ he said.Peter Sheras teaches education at the University of Virginia. He said parents should listen when a child wants to move out. They should
19、 try to find out why the child wants some time away.Often, parents can help the child find a safe place to stay during that time. In other cases, they can meet the childs needs at home.（分数：10.00）(1).According to this passage, many parents think it _ for their children to live away from them. A. righ
20、t B. happy C. unsafe D. reasonable（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).When children seriously disagree with their parents, experts suggest that parents should _. A. punish them B. let them live away from their families C. send for a teacher D. keep them in the house（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The underlined word “structu
21、red“ means _. A. built B. stuck C. organized D. drunk（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In history, _. A. teens never left their families B. teens often left their parents C. teens never went to school D. teens never make friends with each other（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Nowadays living away and running away from home
22、_. A. never happen B. often worry parents and teachers C. are very popular D. are accepted by people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Originally the food of emperors, the cuisine known as kaiseki is the pinnacle of Japanese eatingand few restaurants serve a more refined menu than Kiku
23、noi, in the former imperial capital of Kyoto. Kaiseki dining is the product of centuries of cultural evolution, but though Kikunoi is high-endas the bill will indicateits cuisine is meant to be a grand elaboration of the basic Japanese home meal: rice, fish, pickles, vegetables and miso soup, artful
24、ly presented in small, healthy portions.“I believe that Japanese cuisine is something embedded in Japanese peoples DNA,“ says Kikunois owner, Yoshihiro Murata. That may be true, but its a legacy under assault, increasingly crowded out by fast, convenient, westernized food. These days, Murata says sa
25、dly, his college-age daughter doesnt see much difference between cheap restaurant food and the haute cuisine he makes. “I think that in Japan, people should eat good Japanese food,“ he says. “But they are far away from it.“Japan is not alone. Food and diet are the cornerstones of any culture, one of
26、 the most reliable symbols of national identity. Think of the long Spanish lunch followed by the afternoon siesta, a rhythm of food and rest perfectly suited to the blistering heat of the Iberian Peninsula in summer. Think of the Chinese meal of rice, vegetables and (only recently) meat, usually ser
27、ved in big collective dishes, the better for extended clans to dine together. National diets come to incorporate all aspects of who we are: our religious taboos, class structure, geography, economy, even government.Even the traditions we learn from others we adopt and adapt in ways that make them ou
28、r own. Japan received chopsticks from China and tempura from Portugal. Tomatoes, that staple of pasta and pizza, arrived in Southern Europe only as part of the Columbian Exchange. “A lot of what we think of as deeply rooted cultural traditions are really traceable back to global exchange,“ says Miri
29、am Chaiken, a nutritional anthropologist at Indiana University of Pennsylvania.In an era of instant communication and accelerated trade, those cultural exchanges have exploded, leading to something closer to cultural homogenization. Thats bad for not only the preservation of national identities but
30、the preservation of health too. Saturated fats and meats are displacing grains and fresh vegetables. Mealtimes are shrinking. McDonalds is everywhere. From Chile to China, the risk of obesity, diabetes and heart disease is on the rise. This, in turn, is leading to a minimovement in some countries to
31、 hold fast to traditional food culture, even as their menu grows ever more international.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the first paragraph that Kikunoi is _. A. an expensive restaurant B. located in Japans capital city C. well-known among old people D. the basic Japanese home meal（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.
32、(2).What did Murata say about his daughter? _ A. She eats too much Westernized food. B. She cant resist the convenience of fast food. C. She doesnt appreciate the delicate dishes he makes. D. She should learn more about traditional Japanese cuisine.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why is the long Spanish lunch
33、followed by the afternoon siesta? _ A. It is the result of the hot weather in Spain. B. This tradition has been observed for centuries. C. Spanish people lead a rather leisure life. D. It is the result of the ever-quickening pace of life.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).“In an era. leading to something closer t
34、o cultural homogenization.“ (Para. 5) The word “homogenization“ is closest in meaning to _. A. diversity B. uniformity C. localization D. globalization（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the main topic of this passage? _ A. Food and health. B. Climate and diet. C. Cuisine and national identity. D. Cultural
35、 evolution and its effects.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPassage Four/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The establishment of Earth Day began with an idea proposed in October 1969 by John McConnell, a San Francisco resident.McConnell approached the San Francisco Board of Supervisors with a resolution to devote one day a year to
36、 public awareness dedicated to nature and the fragile ecosystem that comprises it. The days events would emphasize the urgency of all inhabitants of the planet to take responsibility for building a healthy and ecologically sustainable planet. The board was impressed with McConnells idea and declared
37、 Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox. McConnell stated, “This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earthreminding us of Earths beautiful systems of balance which humanity has partially upset and must restore.“Earth Day was estab
38、lished as a national day of celebration in the United States in 1970 and was embraced by the United Nations in 1971 when it declared an Earth Day ceremony to be held each year on the day of the March Equinox. In 1970, Senator Gaylord Nelson, pro-posed an Earth Week for the third week in April and to
39、gether with Bruce Anderson, an architect of solar energy and environmental author, co-founded Earth Day USA. The first national Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on April 22, 1970. Twenty million participants nationwide took part in teach-ins, street demonstrations, and workshops in. 2,0
40、00 communities and 12,000 college and high school campuses. The major public concern at that time was industrial pollution and its effect on the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the health of the planet we live on. Those celebrations led to overwhelming public outcries for legislation mandati
41、ng ecologically sound environmental policies and rigid controls on industrial pollution.Over the years, the issues of concern have expanded greatly into all aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution. Whether it comes from vehicles, factories, agriculture, housing, or private property, public
42、concern and activism continue unabated with citizens from around the world involved in efforts to achieve a sustainable and enduring ecosystem.（分数：10.00）(1).This passage mainly discusses _. A. how Earth Day originated and developed B. why Earth Day was set on the day of vernal equinox C. why John Mc
43、Connell proposed the idea of Earth Day D. what the major public concern was in the 1970s（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Earth Day was first proposed to _. A. reflect public concern for industrial pollution at the time B. call for legislation on environment C. achieve a sustainable and enduring ecosystem D. rai
44、se the public awareness of nature and the ecosystem（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The major concern of the first national Earth Day in the United States was _. A. deforestation and desertization B. air pollution and water pollution C. agricultural waste and pesticide use D. industrial pollution and its effect
45、（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the last paragraph, people have now realized _. A. the establishment of the Earth Day can do little to save our planet B. the importance of protecting our environment and the ecosystem C. John McConnells proposal played an important role in saving our planet D. the
46、issues of concern of Earth Day have expanded greatly into all aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “enduring“ in the last sentence probably means _. A. lasting B. tolerating C. strengthening D. deteriorating（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、BPassage Five/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sev
47、eral months ago I decided it would be wise to investigate the possibilities of buying a life insurance policy, if for no other reason than because I understood it might be a good investment. I got the name of an insurance agent from a friend and called the agent to get some information. From the kin
48、ds of questions I put to him, the agent would tell that I knew nothing about insurance so he kindly offered to explore the matter with me in more de- tailto help me determine the kind of policy I ought to be considering.That evening he appeared at my door promptly at 7:30; without wasting time on amenities, he spread his papers out on the kitchen table and launched into a lengthy explanation. I listened attentively as he talked about the difference between various types of policies, and he explained the kind of coverage he felt I ought to have because of my age
