1、英语阅读(二)自考题-10 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Computers should be in the schools. They have the potential to accomplish great things. With the right software, they could help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like
2、 art and music. They could help Students form a concrete idea of society by displaying on-screen a version of the city in which they livea picture that tracks real life moment by moment.In practice, however, computers make our worst educational nightmares come true. While we bemoan the decline of li
3、teracy, computers discount words in favor of pictures and pictures in favor of video. While we fret about the decreasing cogency of public debate, computers dismiss linear argument and promote fast, shallow romps across the information landscape. While we worry about basic skills, we allow into the
4、classroom software that will do a students arithmetic or correct his spelling.Take multimedia. The idea of multimedia is to combine text, sound and pictures in a single package that you browse on screen. You dont just read Shakespeare; you watch actors performing, listen to songs, view Elizabethan b
5、uildings. Whats wrong with that? By offering children candy-coated books, multimedia is guaranteed to sour them on unsweetened reading. It makes the printed page look even more boring than it used to look. Sure, books will be available in the classroom, toobut theyll have all the appeal of a dusty p
6、iano to a teen who has a Walkman handy.So what if the little nippers dont read? If theyre watching Olivier instead, what do they lose? The text, the written word along with all of its attendant pleasures. Besides, a book is more portable than a computer, has a higher-resolution display, can be writt
7、en on and dog- eared and is comparatively dirt cheap.Hypermedia, multimedias comrade in the struggle for a brave new classroom, is just as troubling. Its a way of presenting documents on screen without imposing a linear start-to- finish order. Disembodied paragraphs are linked by theme; after readin
8、g one about the First World War, for example, you might be able to choose another about the technology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines in the 20s. This is another cute idea that is good in minor ways and terrible in major ones. Teaching children to understand the orderly u
9、nfolding of a plot or a logical argument is a crucial part of education. Authors dont merely agglomerate paragraphs; they work hard to make the narrative read a certain way, prove a particular point. To turn a book or a document into hypertext is to invite readers to ignore exactly what countsthe st
10、ory.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is not an accusation of the use of computers in teaching children by the author? _ A. It is getting worse and worse illiteracy. B. It does not help cultivating students ability to develop linear argument. C. It prevents students from developing their basic sk
11、ills. D. It teaches bad arithmetic and spelling.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is the idea of multimedia according to the passage? _ A. To exclude boring reading text and make learning process more enjoyable. B. To combine text, sound and pictures in one package. C. To combine Shakespea
12、re, actors performing, songs and theatre together. D. To offer children candy-coated books.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author uses the comparison between a dusty piano and a walkman as _. A. an analogy to show that teens will lose interest in reading once they are exposed to multimedia B. an example to
13、 illustrate the rapid advance in technology and social studies C. a reason to explain the cause of the conflict between traditional and modern way of teaching D. an evidence to support his argument on multimedia learning for children（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author disagrees with the use of modern hy
14、permedia mainly for the reason that _. A. its non-linear arrangement of knowledge will not teach children to understand a logical argument B. it deprives children of the pleasure of reading books C. it does not present documents on screen properly D. its harmful to the training of children on concen
15、tration（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In Para. 5, the author mentions “the technology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines in the 20s“ to show _. A. the Width of information you can find with hypermedia B. his encyclopedical knowledge C. the width of influence of World War I on social li
16、fe D. the non-linear arrangement of information with hypermedia（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People take to alcohol for one reason or another. But what are the effects of it? It is well-known that alcohol makes people fat and leads to heart and breathing problems which fatness mak
17、es worse. It can interfere with normal eating patterns and cause painful stomach disorders. But the part of tile body which is in most danger from alcohol is the liver. Too much drinking can lead to diseases like hepatitis (肝炎) and cirrhosis (肝硬化) of the liver which, in turn, lead to death. But it i
18、snt just the physical working of the body which is affected; the mental function is also damaged. In the short term, this usually involves loss of memory. The long-term consequences involve more serious brain damage.Then there are the psychological problems, those which arise from what is happening
19、in the mind. Alcohol can change an individuals personality. We have seen how, without alcohol, the alcoholic (饮酒过度的人) becomes more nervous, more worded about his problems which may appear much more important than they actually are. His moods may change rapidly and violently. He often feels guilty an
20、d sorry for what he has done, but because he has lost control of himself, he continues to behave in a harmful way. In the end, he is unable to cope with even the simplest of his daily responsibilities which, of course, leads to all kinds of social problems.Often the ones who suffer most in such circ
21、umstances are not those who have the alcohol problem, but those closest to themhusband, wives and children. They are the family which may be very loving and sympathetic; the stress of having to cope with strain is too much and leads to the break-up of marriages or the abuse of children, which create
22、 further psychological and social pressures. The drinker suffers, too, as he watches his normal world fall down around him.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be concluded from the first paragraph that _. A. every person drinks alcohol for many reasons B. the death of the alcoholic is mostly caused by drinking C.
23、alcohol not only causes heart and breathing problems but makes fatness worse D. taking to alcohol does damage to people both physically and mentally（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is correct? _ A. Alcohol always causes stomach problems. B. Alcohol cant influence peoples normal
24、 eating patterns. C. All liver problems arise by drinking alcohol. D. Painful stomach disorders are sometimes caused by alcohol.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “them“ (Line 2, Para. 3) refers to _. A. husbands, wives and children B. the ones C. those who have the alcohol problem D. such circumstances（
25、分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The sentence “as he watches his normal world fall down around him“ (Line 5, Para. 3) means _. A. he realizes that his life is collapsing but cannot do anything about them B. he is aware of the problems in his life but is unable to do anything about them C. he is far removed from
26、his place in the normal world, which is from distance D. the drinker gets ill and many people come around him（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title of the passage is _. A. Alcohol and Alcoholics B. Alcohol and Its Bad Effects C. Alcoholics and Their Families D. Alcoholics and Their Lives（分数：2.00）A.B.C.
27、D.五、BPassage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“How many of you have been angry at least once today?“ asked the conductor of an anger management seminar (讨论会). According to an article in The New York Times, most of those in the room raised their hands. “The fact is,“ the seminar leader continued, “people get ang
28、ry an average of 10 to 14 times a day. But anger is especially endemic (常见的疾病) to work. If you have a job, youre guaranteed to get angry.“Had I been in the room and heard that last remark, I would have respectfully disagreed. Although some statistics indicate that the number of on-the-job anger has
29、increased in recent years, to hold on to the belief that workplace anger is therefore guaranteed is counterproductive. It leaves one with the impression that any efforts to remain good-tempered at work are, at best, only a band-aid (临时措施).Anger-management experts do offer a few common-sense guidelin
30、es to minimize work-related anger: dont let it fester (化脓); dont look for snubs (责骂) in what are purely innocent incidents; dont get caught up in other peoples complaints; if you start to lose control, take a Break.I would add, pray.（分数：10.00）(1).When the conductor asked the question, the author of
31、this passage _. A. raised his hand B. got angry at the question C. was not at the seminar D. was at work（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is true? _ A. People get angry frequently when working. B. 10 out of 14 average people get angry during a day. C. Average people get angry 14
32、 times a day. D. Getting angry at work is a kind of disease.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “counterproductive“ probably means _. A. producing counter B. having the opposite result C. producing anger D. counting products（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Anger-management experts suggest that _. A. guidelines to red
33、uce work-related anger should be offered B. people should have a rest before losing control C. people should pray before losing control D. people should sometimes forgive others so as to minimize work-related anger（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can infer from the passage that The New York Times is probably
34、 a kind of _. A. book about time B. newspaper C. book about anger-management D. magazine（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPassage Four/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The world population reached 6.6 billion this year, up from 6 billion in 1999. By 2025, researchers expect nearly 8 billion people will be living on the planet. Ni
35、nety- nine per cent of those new inhabitants will be in developing countries.Three million migrants are moving from poor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destination is a neighboring country in developing parts of the world. Those statistics come from an annual demograp
36、hic snapshot of global population numbers and trends, produced by the Population Reference Bureau.Rachel Nugent, an economist with the research group, points to the population shifts that are occurring now from Bangladesh to India or from India, Egypt and Yemen to the Persian Gulf.She says people ar
37、e moving within the developing world for the same reasons they migrate to wealthier nations. “People from very poor countries (are) going to less poor countries, people fleeing wars and conflict.“ She adds that they are also responding to population pressures because, she says, “some countries are v
38、ery densely populated, and they often have high population growth. Those people need to go somewhere, and they are often going looking for jobs.“Nugent says migration from Guatemala to Mexico is one such example. “And many Guatemalans go to Mexico, probably 25,000 a year that stay and 100,000 a year
39、 that go back and forth. And that is a pretty high proportion of the Guatemalan population.“The United Nations projects that by 2050, the population of Europe, now at 750 million, will fall by 75 million; and Japan, home to 128 million people, will lose 16 million. Population Reference Bureau senior
40、 demographer and survey author Carl Haub says this is going to be a threat to economic health.“The number of young people in many European countries is half of the size of their parents generation,“ he says. “So what you see today are the corporations, the health care system in this country saying,
41、Listen! We cant find workers. We havent had enough workers and now we cant find workers. So they will have to come from some place and thats going to have to come from outside the country.“（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following population shifts is talked about in the third paragraph? _ A. From develo
42、ping countries to developed countries. B. From poor countries to rich or wealthier countries. C. From war-ridden countries to countries free of wars. D. From developing countries to developing countries.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Rachel Nugent, people migrated because of the following reasons
43、 except _. A. fleeing conflicts at home B. looking for jobs C. getting away from wars D. seeking for freedom（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which is true about Guatemalans migrating to Mexico? _ A. Most of them stay there permanently and become citizens. B. They go there because of the economic depression at h
44、ome. C. Many of them go back to their own country disappointedly. D. They go there because of the population pressure at home.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The population in Europe and Japan is _. A. shrinking B. declining C. increasing D. exploding（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).“New inhabitants“ in the first paragrap
45、h refer to _. A. people who migrate from one country to another B. people who will live on other planets in space C. people who will be born in the next decades D. people who live in newly-established countries（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、BPassage Five/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Today, theres scarcely an aspect of our l
46、ife that isnt being upended by the torrent of information available on the hundreds of millions of sites crowding the Internet, not to mention its ability to keep us in constant touch with each other via electronic mail. “If the automobile and aerospace technology had exploded at the same pace as co
47、mputer and in-formation technology,“ says Microsoft, “a new car would cost about $2 and go 600 miles on a thimbleful of gas. And you could buy a Boeing 747 for the cost of a pizza.“Probably the biggest payoff, however, is the billions of dollars the Internet is saving companies in producing goods an
48、d serving for the needs of their customers. Nothing like it has been seen since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, when power-driven machines began producing more in a day than men could turn out in nearly a year. “We view the growth of the Internet and e-commerce as a global megatrend,“ says Merrill Lynch, “along the lines of printing press, the telephone, the computer, and electricity.“You would be hard pressed to name something that isnt available on the Internet. Consider, books, health care, movie tickets, construction materials, baby clothe
