1、英语阅读(一)自考题-3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第一部分 选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A guest at the Holiday Inn on Union Square in San Francisco is attempting to turn on the radio in his room. Not matter which button he pushes, the radio will not play. Finally, the gue
2、st reports a defective (有毛病的) radio. A hotel employee soon arrives at the guests room with a new radio, a box of chocolates, and flowers. As for the radio already in the room, the employee turns it on without difficulty and quickly reassures the guest that the radio is tricky to operate. The employe
3、e shows the guest how to work the radio and pleasantly exits the room, leaving the radios, the chocolates and the flowers.An elderly woman is in her favorite food store, Ukrops Super Market of Richmond, Virginia. She picks up a large pineapple from the display case, holds it for several moments, and
4、 then returns it with obvious reluctance. Ukrops president, James Ukrop, witnesses this scene and asks the customer if she would like to buy half of the pineapple, indicating that the store would be glad to cut it in half. The customer accepts and states how she looks forward to visiting Ukrops beca
5、use the staff is so friendly and makes her feel so welcome.Night after night, in Aurora, Colorado, police officers answer calls for break ins of cars parked outside a local dance hall. One officer notes that the burglaries usually involve purses of female customers who say they lock their handbags i
6、n their cars, fearing the bags would be stolen from unattended tables during dances. The officer then persuades the dance hall owner to install lockers and the burglary calls drop from dozens each month to two in four months.These three stories emphasize our central argument, that is, the essence of
7、 services marketing is service. Service quality is the foundation of services marketing, for the core product being marketed is a performance. The performance is the product; the performance is what customers buy. A strong service concept gives companies the opportunity to compete for customers; a s
8、trong performance of the service concept builds competitiveness by earning customers confidence and reinforcing branding, advertising, selling, and pricing.（分数：10.00）(1).The radio in the guests room at the Holiday Inn does not work because _ A.there are too many buttons on it B.there is something wr
9、ong with it C.it takes a technician to operate it D.the guest has not operated it properly（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _. A.the lady doesnt like the pineapple at first B.the lady loves the way the pineapple is arranged C.it is natural for the shop to cut the
10、 pineapple in half D.the shop usually does not sell part of an item to a customer（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The third story in the passage shows _. A.the significance of service B.the high crime rates in Aurora C.the importance of police work D.the carelessness of women dancers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In a se
11、rvice business, the product being marketed is _. A.a brand B.a person C.a promise D.a performance（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author sets forth the argument of the passage by _. A.finding causes B.giving examples C.defining a term D.providing comparisons（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Lik
12、e many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instr
13、uct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame. Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powe
14、rs and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for?
15、 If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have
16、 the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (实行种族隔离) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large scale chang
17、e to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.（分数：10.00）(1).Heroes may come from different cultures, but they _. A.generally share some inspiring characteristics B.probably share some weaknesses
18、of ordinary people C.are often influenced by their previous generations D.are often pursued by a large number of fans（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that _. A.they have a vision from the mountaintop B.they have warm feelings and emot
19、ions C.they can serve as concrete examples of noble strengths D.they can make people feel stronger and more enthusiastic（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because _. A.they do not improve their fans morally B.they are popular only with certain groups of people
20、 C.their primary concern is their own financial interests D.they are not clear about what principles they should follow（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Gandhi and Martin Luther King are examples of outstanding leaders who _. A.are good at demonstrating their charming characters B.are capable of meeting all chal
21、lenges and hardships C.can bring about social changes in their nations D.can change the whole world with their skills and charms（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author concludes that historical changes would _. A.be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities B.not occur without heroes making
22、the necessary sacrifices C.take place if there were heroes to lead the people D.produce leaders with attractive personalities（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的) personnel shortages that are ca
23、using companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.Professionals seek career experience outside their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creati
24、vity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a rsum or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one or two page document describing one
25、s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a rsum are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge
26、 will be to embrace (包含) two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start:Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of “cross-border“ job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide t
27、he reader with details about your studies and any related experience.Pay attention to the rsum format you use: chronological or reverse chronological order. Chronological order means listing your “oldest“ work experience first. Reverse chronological order means listing your current or most recent ex
28、perience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse chronological format.If you are submitting your rsum in English, find out if the recipient (收件人) uses British English or American Engli
29、sh because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as “tertiary education“ in the United Kingdom, but this term is rarely used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your contains errors.（分数
30、：10.00）(1).Companies are searching for talent outside their home countries because _. A.they need to expand their business globally B.they have difficulty hiring employees at home C.they can benefit from international professionals D.foreign employees are more capable than those at home（分数：2.00）A.B.
31、C.D.(2).According to the passage, professionals looking for international careers _. A.are usually creative and have the initiative B.are no longer satisfied with their own life at home C.aim to improve their foreign language skills D.aim at opportunities for themselves and their children（分数：2.00）A.
32、B.C.D.(3).When it comes to rsum writing, it is advisable to _. A.take cultural factors into consideration B.learn about the companys hiring process C.follow appropriate guidelines for job hunting D.find out the employers personal likes and dislikes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When writing about qualificatio
33、ns in the rsum job applicants are advised to _. A.emphasize their academic potential to impress the decision maker B.start with the title of the degree they have obtained at home C.provide a detailed description of their studies and work experiences D.show intense interest in pursuing international
34、careers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the authors last piece of advice, job applicants should be aware of _. A.the different educational systems in the US and the UK B.the differences between American English and British English C.the recipients preference with regard to rsum format D.the distinc
35、tive features of American and British cultures（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPassage 4/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Blaming the media for violence is misguided. To better understand the issue of violence and society, it is helpful to examine its historical roots. Certainly not all tribal societies were violent. For exampl
36、e, many native tribes in the American southwest were entirely peaceful. However, for most tribal people throughout most of the world, war and violence have always been part of life. One of our oldest books, the Old Testament, tells of constant tribal wars among the peoples of the Middle East. Likewi
37、se, ancient texts such as the Greek Iliad, the Indian Bhagavad Gita and the Nordic Beowulf all tell tales of war and violence. Certainly the peoples of ancient Babylonia, Greece, India, and Scandinavia were not influenced by the media, yet most of the earliest human records indicate that violence ha
38、s been an ever present part of human life. Since violence was with us long before modern media, it seems unlikely that controlling the media now would have much impact on stopping human violence.A comparison of violence in nations around the world indicates that there is no relationship between medi
39、a violence and real violence. In the United States, in 1996, there were 9,390 gun-related deaths. In the same year, Japan had 15 gun related deaths. Yet the level of violence on television in Japan is higher than that in the U.S Japanese TV often depicts graphic violence that would not be allowed on
40、 U.S. television, and Japanese movie goers see the same major, Hollywood films that Americans see, but street crime is so rare in Tokyo that most people do not worry about it. In contrast, in American cities, people in general, and women in particular, are afraid to walk alone at night. Security is
41、an ever present concern in the U.S., where citizens limit their lives in numerous ways to reduce the chances of joining the 11,000 people who are killed by guns in America each year. However, the number of murders in the U.S. is small compared to Columbia, where, for example, 23,000 people were murd
42、ered in 1999. Columbians have much less exposure to media violence than either Americans or Japanese; they have fewer TV stations and watch fewer films. Indeed, those committing murders in Columbia are often people from the countryside who have the least exposure to the media. Thus people who are no
43、t exposed to the media are often more likely to commit violent crimes than those exposed to it. Since Canada borders the U.S., Canadians receive the same TV and radio programs that Americans receive, yet gun violence in Canada is nearly one hundred times lower than that in the U.S Clearly there is n
44、o significant relationship between media violence and real life violence. We need to look elsewhere for solutions to real life violence.（分数：10.00）(1).The author cites the examples of ancient texts in the first paragraph to show that _. A.ancient texts are just as violent as modern media B.ancient so
45、cieties could be both peaceful and violent C.violence came into being long before modern media did D.there is more violence in ancient works than in the media（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author uses Japanese, Columbian and Canadian examples to show that real life violence and media violence _. A.are not
46、 related B.are not serious C.affect each other D.are directly related（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the safest country is _. A.Japan B.Canada C.Columbia D.the U.S.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The phrase “reduces the chances of joining.“ (para. 2) may be replaced by _.
47、 A.refuses to take part in B.adds to the number of C.avoids becoming one of D.decreases the number of（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, those who are the least exposed to media violence are citizens of _. A.Japan B.the U.S. C.Canada D.Columbia（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、BPassage
48、 5/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In 1781 twelve families trooped north from Mexico to California. On a stream along the deserts edge, they built a settlement called Los Angeles. For many years it was a market town, where nearby farmers and ranchers met to trade. Then in 1876 a railroad linked Los Angeles to San Francisco and, through San Francisco, to the rest of the country. The next year farmers sent their first trainload of oranges east. By 1885 a new railroad provided a direct route between Los Angeles and Chicago.Then in the 1890s oil was discovered in the
