1、英语阅读(一)自考题-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第一部分 选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)He was a funny looking man with a cheerful face, good natured and a great talker. He was described by his student, the great philosopher Plato, as “the best and most just and wisest ma
2、n“. Yet this same man was condemned (判刑) to death for his beliefs.The man was the Greek philosopher, Socrates, and he was condemned for not believing in the recognized gods and for corrupting young people. The second charge stemmed from his association with numerous young men who came to Athens from
3、 all over the civilized world to study under him.Socrates method of teaching was to ask questions and, by pretending not to know the answers, to press his students into thinking for themselves. His teachings had unsurpassed influence on all the great Greek and Roman schools of philosophy. Yet, despi
4、te his fame and influence, Socrates himself never wrote a word.Socrates encouraged new ideas and free thinking in the young, and this was frightening to the conservative people. They wanted him silenced. Yet, many were probably surprised that he accepted death so readily.Socrates had the right to as
5、k for a lesser penalty, and he probably could have won over enough of the people who had previously condemned him. But Socrates, as a firm believer in law, reasoned that it was proper to submit to the death sentence. So he calmly accepted his fate and drank a cup of poison in the presence of his gri
6、ef-stricken friends and students.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Platos description, Socrates _. A.was a funny and good-tempered man B.was the most just and intelligent man C.had a special way to attract his students D.had close relationships with his students（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Socrates was condemned f
7、or all the following reasons except _. A.doubting the publicly recognized gods B.corrupting the young people with his teachings C.grouping students together to study under him D.pressing his listeners into thinking for themselves（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Socrates teaching was intended to _. A.encourage i
8、ndependent thinking B.win over the conservative people C.inform students of his radical ideas D.lead his audience to be disobedient（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “unsurpassed“ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _. A.untold B.unequalled C.unnoticed D.unexpected（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Socrate
9、s readily accepted the death penalty because of _. A.his disregard for death B.his disbelief in gods C.his contempt for conservatives D.his belief in the legal system（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When youre negotiating with someone, listen for the messages that he or she might be se
10、nding to you. For example, the word “difficult“ does not mean the same as impossible. Imagine youre staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The managers answer of, “That would be very difficult, sir“, does not mean that he is saying “no“. It just means that he wants to know what you ar
11、e prepared to offer him in return for the change of room.If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesmans comment, “Im sorry, but we never negotiate on the price“, means that they do negotiate on other things, like the delivery time, or the “extra“ tha
12、t might be available as part of the purchase. In the same car showroom, if the salesman says, “Sorry, I cant negotiate prices“, then your response should be to ask who can. The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss is the one you need to be talking to.In all of these situations, the
13、 message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation, the two “players“ wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examples above, the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions, but their “messages“ make it clear tha
14、t there may be room for movement and compromise. In a successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditions that satisfy both sides.（分数：10.00）(1).The hotel managers answer “That would be very difficult, sir“ implies _. A.you can change the room if you find s
15、ome excuse B.someone else has paid more for the room under discussion C.the room is available if an extra sum of money is offered D.someone else has booked the room in return for more money（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).When the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price, you can _. A.negotiate
16、the price with the manager B.demand to see the one who can C.find out other possibilities in the purchase D.accept the price without any further negotiation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).This passage is intended for _. A.managers B.customers C.salesmen D.scholars（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The passage tells us how t
17、o _. A.send messages in a negotiation B.become a successful salesman C.profit from business transactions D.receive messages in a negotiation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be safely concluded from the passage that _. A.at least two players should be in the room for communication B.a lot can be inferred
18、from what is actually stated in negotiation C.you should never communicate your ideas in clear terms D.you should play the roles of a salesman and manager in a negotiation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)No sooner had the first intrepid male aviators safely returned to Earth than it se
19、emed that women, too, had been smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts. In doing so, they enlarged the trad
20、itional bounds of a womens world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviation.But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. “Men do not believe us capable.“ the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to a friend. “
21、Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job.“ Indeed old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife, Anneherself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviationhe was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the Soviet Air Fo
22、rce.Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up-to-date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men. Yet they did compete, and often they triumphed finally despite the odds.Ruth Law, whose 590-mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set a new
23、 nonstop distance record in 1916, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly. And when she addressed the Aero Club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was unaffected by gender: “M
24、y flight was done with no expectation of reward,“ she declared, “just purely for the love of accomplishment.“（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A.A Long Flight. B.Women in Aviation History. C.Dangers Faced by Pilots. D.Women Spectators.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Accor
25、ding to the passage, women pilots were successful in all of the following except _. A.challenging the conventional role of women B.contributing to the science of aviation C.winning universal recognition from men D.building the confidence of women（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What can be inferred from the pas
26、sage about the United States Air Force in 1938? A.It had no women pilots, B.It gave pilots handsome salaries. C.It had old planes that were in need of repair. D.It could not be trusted to do an efficient job.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In their efforts to compete with men, early women pilots had difficulty
27、 in _. A.addressing clubs B.flying nonstop C.setting records D.raising money（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, who said that flying was done with no expectation of reward? A.Amelia Earhart. B.Charles Lindbergh. C.Anne Lindbergh. D.Ruth Law.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPassage 4/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)I
28、n recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as theyve become wealthier and more worldly wise. Foreign travel is a national passion, this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same.
29、American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing cus
30、tomers to “Have a nice day“ has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, Lets be nicer,“ says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.“Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recentl
31、y have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (报复的) consumer“. When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competit
32、ive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.“ The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless E1A1 Airlines, which is a
33、lready at auction (拍卖), has returned its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.“ For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.（分数：10.00）(1).It may be inferred from the pass
34、age that _. A.customer service in Israel is now improving B.wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please C.the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel D.Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the authors view, higher service standards are imposs
35、ible in Israel _. A.if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management B.unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers C.if theres no competition among companies D.without strict routine training of employees（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of
36、 a power failure, _. A.they can have it fixed in no time B.its no longer necessary to make an appointment C.the appointment takes only half a day to make D.they only have to wait half an hour at most（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The example of E1A1 Airlines shows that _. A.revengeful customers are a threat t
37、o the monopoly of enterprises B.an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty C.a good slogan has great potential for improving service“ D.staff retraining is essential for better service（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Why did Bezaqs international branch lose 40% of its market share? A.Be
38、cause the rates it offered were not competitive enough. B.Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service. C.Because the service offered by its competitors was far better. D.Because it no longer received any support from the government.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、BPassage 5/B(总题数：
39、1，分数：5.00)It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can
40、 be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering“ things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up an eating grain because he has sniffed s
41、omething suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computer, for example, contains devices for storing data for later use. It is interesti
42、ng to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 1,000,000 “words“ ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, his is but a
43、fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in
44、 terms of words and combinations of words.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, memory is considered to be _. A.the basis for decision making and problem solving B.an ability to store experiences for future use C.an intelligence typically possessed by human beings D.the data mainly consisting of wo
45、rds and combinations of words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that _. A.the computers memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenagers B.the computers memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being
46、s C.the computers memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenagers D.the computers memory capacity is the same as any teenagers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The whole passage implies that _. A.only human beings have problem solving intelligence B.a persons memory is different from a computers in every r
47、espect C.animals are able to solve only very simple problems D.animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The phrase “in terms of“ in the last sentence can best be replaced by _. A.“in connection with“ B.“expressed of“ C.“consisting“ D.“by means of“（分数：1.00）A.B.
48、C.D.(5).What will be accounted for after the last paragraph of this passage? A.Life will also be happy even if there is no memory for people. B.Both human beings and animals have the same memory. C.Peoples memory is inferior to computers. D.The way that people use words and combination of words to form memory.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、BPassage 6/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have summed up the most important single fact about i
