1、英语词汇学自考题-8 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and _. A. chronic B. realistic C. specific D. diachronic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Words can be classified according to the following criteria except _. A. notion B. use fr
2、equency C. foundation D. origin（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Which types of words belong to functional words? A. Adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions. B. Adjectives, nouns, articles. C. Articles, prepositions, conjunctions. D. Verbs, pronouns, prepositions.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.We find the following languages in t
3、he Celtic except _. A. Scottish B. Irish C. Danish D. Breton（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The _ family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. Hellenic（分数：1.00）A.
4、B.C.D.6.Which of the following is not one of the main sources of new words?_ A. The rapid development of modern science and technology. B. Geographical and political changes. C. The influence of other cultures and languages. D. Social and economic changes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Which of the following st
5、atements are not correct?_ A. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound. B. A grapheme is the smallest unit of writing. C. A sememe is the smallest unit of meaning. D. A morpheme is the smallest unit of a word.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Which of the following is right?_ A. Root and stem are identical. B. Root
6、 includes stem. C. Root and stem are completely different. D. Stem includes root.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.These are negative prefixes except _. A. dis- B. in- C. non- D. under-（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Which of the following belongs to number prefixes? A. Auto-. B. Mis-. C. Hemi-. D. Pre-.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Co
7、nversion is a method _. A. of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speech B. of converting words of one meaning into different meaning C. of deriving words through grammatical means D. of changing words in morphological structure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Which of the followi
8、ng words is not from Chinese?_ A. Tea. B. Ketchup. C. Kungfu. D. Czar.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The words “minibus“ and “endless“ are _ words. A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Conceptual meaning is also know
9、n as _ meaning. A. denotative B. connotative C. sense D. lexical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.“One is filled with ambition usually works hard“. “The reactionarys chief ambition is to become the emperor“. The affective meanings of the two sentences individually are: _. A. pejorative, appreciative B. appreciati
10、ve, pejorative C. pejorative, pejorative D. appreciative, appreciative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Homographs are words identical only in _ but different in sound and meaning. A. sound B. meaning C. spelling D. sense（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.“Composition“ and “compounding“ in lexicology are _. A. absolute synonyms
11、 B. relative synonyms C. near synonyms D. not synonyms（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.A semantic field is a meaning area where words share the same _. A. pronunciation B. spelling C. concept D. sense（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Narrowing of meaning is also called _. A. generalization B. specialization C. characterizatio
12、n D. popularization（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The meaning of criticize changed by the mode of _. A. elevation B. extension C. degradation D. narrowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The change of meaning is brought about by the following internal factors except _. A. the influx of borrowing B. alliteration C. analogy
13、D. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.Which of the following is not a component of linguistic context? A. Words and phrases. B. Sentences. C. Text or passage. D. Time and space.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Hints given in a context are known as _. A. referents B. clues C. ambiguity D. definition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24
14、.The boys are playing in the river in the raw. “In the raw“ in this sentence means “_“. A. naked B. robe C. shorts D. vest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Forms and functions of idioms are _. A. identical B. not identical C. different D. not necessarily identical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.Simile, metaphor, metonymy, sy
15、necdoche, and personification are _. A. variations of idioms B. figures of speech C. lexical manipulation D. rhetorical features（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.The target population of monolingual dictionaries are not _. A. general native speakers B. foreign learners with intermediate level C. foreign learners
16、with higher English level D. foreign learners with lower English level（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Pocket dictionaries provide only _. A. the spelling and pronunciation of each word with meanings B. spelling and meaning C. spelling, meaning and usage D. pronunciation and spelling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Longman D
17、ictionary of Contemporary English is _ dictionary. A. specialized B. general C. both A and B D. neither A nor B（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.As a general Chinese-English dictionary, _ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately. A. The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Ninth Edition(1996) B. Longman Dictio
18、nary of Contemporary English (LDCE) New Edition (1987) C. Collins COBLLILD English Language Dictionary (CCELD) (1987) D. A Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995)（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B(总题数：10，分数：15.00)31.The relationship between a word and the thing it stands for is 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:
19、_32.After the Romans, the Germanic tribes came in great numbers. Soon they took 1 control of the land, which was to be called England.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_33.Derivational affixes can be further divided into 1 and suffixes.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_34.Almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns, which are 1
20、 related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et al.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_35.In many cases meaning is used in the sense of “ 1“.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_36.Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully 1 with regard to spelling and pronunciation.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_37.Extension of meaning is a process
21、 by which a word originally had a specialized meaning has now become 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_38.Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give 1 of referents.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_39.The same idiom may show 1 differences when it is assigned different meanings including a
22、ffective meaning.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_40.LDCE is a 1 dictionary.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_三、B(总题数：5，分数：15.00)41.native words（分数：3.00）_42.derivational affixes（分数：3.00）_43.morphological motivation（分数：3.00）_44.elevation（分数：3.00）_45.sentence idioms（分数：3.00）_四、B(总题数：4，分数：20.00)46.What is suffixation? Give an example to
23、 illustrate your point.（分数：5.00）_47.Does motivation contradict the theory of “arbitrariness and conventionality“ concerning the relationship between linguistic symbols and their senses? Why?（分数：5.00）_48.What is the difference between polysemy and perfect homonyms?（分数：5.00）_49.How are dictionaries cl
24、assified?（分数：5.00）_五、B(总题数：2，分数：20.00)50.Analyze the components of the following words: revive, minicar, automobiles, exit, porter.（分数：10.00）_51.Study the following sentence. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence. The boy ran after the girl with the flowers.（分数
25、：10.00）_英语词汇学自考题-8 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and _. A. chronic B. realistic C. specific D. diachronic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic a
26、nd diachronic. 一般来说，词汇研究有两种方法：共时研究和历时研究。答案为 D。2.Words can be classified according to the following criteria except _. A. notion B. use frequency C. foundation D. origin（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and fu
27、nctional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin. 按使用频率，词可以分为基本词汇和非基本词汇；按有无实义来分，词可以分为实义词和功能词；按起源分，词又可分为本族语词和外来语词。答案为 C。3.Which types of words belong to functional words? A. Adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions. B. Adjectives, nouns, articles. C. Articles, prepositions, con
28、junctions. D. Verbs, pronouns, prepositions.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 Functional words do not have notions of their own. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category. 功能词本身不具实义。介词、连词、助动词和冠词属于功能词。答案为 C。4.We find the following languages in the Celtic except _. A. Scottish
29、 B. Irish C. Danish D. Breton（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 In the Celtic, we find Scottish, Irish, Welsh, Breton, etc. 凯尔特语族中有苏格兰语、爱尔兰语、威尔士语和布列坦尼语等。答案为 C。5.The _ family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian lan
30、guages. A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. Hellenic（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. 答案为A。6.Which of the following is not one of the mai
31、n sources of new words?_ A. The rapid development of modern science and technology. B. Geographical and political changes. C. The influence of other cultures and languages. D. Social and economic changes.（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 Rapid growth of science and technology breeds new words. Social, economi
32、c and political changes bring about an increasing number of new words. The influence of other cultures and languages can be felt in many different fields. 答案为 B。7.Which of the following statements are not correct?_ A. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound. B. A grapheme is the smallest unit of wri
33、ting. C. A sememe is the smallest unit of meaning. D. A morpheme is the smallest unit of a word.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 The morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 词素是构词中最小的功能单位。答案为 D。8.Which of the following is right?_ A. Root and stem are identical. B. Root includes
34、stem. C. Root and stem are completely different. D. Stem includes root.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 Some people use root or stem interchangeably. In this book, these two terms are used differently. 有人确实将“词根”和“词干”互换使用。在本书中这两个术语的用法是不同的，故A、B 和 C 均不正确。答案为 D。9.These are negative prefixes except _. A. dis- B.
35、in- C. non- D. under-（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 Negative prefixes include a-，dis-，in-(il-，ir-，im-)，non-，un 前缀 under-不是否定词缀，表示在下方。答案为 D。10.Which of the following belongs to number prefixes? A. Auto-. B. Mis-. C. Hemi-. D. Pre-.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 auto-属于表示其他种类意义的前缀，mis-属于表示贬义的前缀，pre-属于表示时间和顺序的前缀，hem
36、i-表示“半”的意思，属于数字前缀。答案为 C。11.Conversion is a method _. A. of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speech B. of converting words of one meaning into different meaning C. of deriving words through grammatical means D. of changing words in morphological structure（分数：1.00）A.
37、 B.C.D.解析：解析 Conversion is a method of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speech. 转类法是将一种词类转化成另一种词类构成新词的方法。答案为 A。12.Which of the following words is not from Chinese?_ A. Tea. B. Ketchup. C. Kungfu. D. Czar.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 Czar(沙皇)指 1917 年以前俄国的皇帝，源自罗马皇帝凯撒(Caes
38、ar)，现指任何权力至高无上的人。答案为 D。13.The words “minibus“ and “endless“ are _ words. A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 minibus(小型客车)，endless(无尽的)，这些词的意义可以由每一个词素的意义推导出，因此属于形态理据，即 morphological motivation。答案为 B。1
39、4.Conceptual meaning is also known as _ meaning. A. denotative B. connotative C. sense D. lexical（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 Conceptual meaning is also known as denotative meaning. 概念意义也称作外延意义。答案为 A。15.“One is filled with ambition usually works hard“. “The reactionarys chief ambition is to become the em
40、peror“. The affective meanings of the two sentences individually are: _. A. pejorative, appreciative B. appreciative, pejorative C. pejorative, pejorative D. appreciative, appreciative（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 第一句 ambition 译为雄心，显然是褒义；第二句译为野心，是贬义。答案为 B。16.Homographs are words identical only in _ but di
41、fferent in sound and meaning. A. sound B. meaning C. spelling D. sense（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 Homographs are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning. 答案为 C。17.“Composition“ and “compounding“ in lexicology are _. A. absolute synonyms B. relative synonyms C. near synonyms D
42、. not synonyms（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 Absolute synonyms are restricted to highly specialized vocabulary, such as scarlet-fever/scarlatina in medicine, and composition/compounding in lexicology, etc. 在一些极为专门的术语中有一些绝对同义词，如医学上的 scarlet-fever/scarlatina(猩红热)，composition/compounding(复合词)等。答案为 A。18.A sema
43、ntic field is a meaning area where words share the same _. A. pronunciation B. spelling C. concept D. sense（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：the words of language can be classified into semantically related sets or fields. 一门语言的词能被归类为语义上相互关联的集合或场。因此同一个语义场里的词语义上都有关联。答案为C。19.Narrowing of meaning is also called _. A. generalization B. specialization C. characterization D. popularization（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 Narrowing of meaning is also called specialization. 词义的缩小也称词义的具体化。答案为 B。20.The meaning of criticize changed by the mode of _. A. elevation B. exte
