1、英语词汇学自考题-6 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Lexicology inquires into the _ and meanings of words. A. relations B. disciplines C. origins D. development（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The reason for that more and more differences occur between sound and form is that the English alphabet was adopte
2、d from the _. A. Pacifics B. Germanics C. Celtics D. Romans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3._ are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. Neologisms B. Archaisms C. Jargons D. Terminologies（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.It is assumed that the world has approxi
3、mately 3000 (some put it 5000) languages, which can be grouped into roughly _ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. A. 500 B. 4000 C. 300 D. 2000（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The introduction of _ at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vo
4、cabulary. A. printing B. Christianity C. French words D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. _ of them are still in use today. A. Eighty-five percent B. Fifty-six percent C. Seventy-two percent D. Seventy-five percent（分数：1.00）A.B
5、.C.D.7._ means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need. A. Creation B. Semantic change C. Borrowing D. Derivation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _. A. bound roots B. inflectional affixes C. derivational affixes D. all the above（分数：1.00
6、）A.B.C.D.9.Of the following word-formation processes, _ is the most productive. A. clipping B. blending C. initialism D. derivation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Which of the following prefixes can not be used to indicate time and order?_ A. Ex-. B. Fore-. C. Post-. D. Para-.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The differences
7、 between compounds and free phrases show in _ aspects. A. phonetic features B. semantic features C. grammatical features D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Which of the following words is not formed through clipping?_ A. Dorm. B. Motel. C. Gent. D. Zoo.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Back-formation is consider
8、ed to be the opposite process of _. A. prefixation B. suffixation C. acronymy D. conversion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Unlike reference, “sense“ denotes the relationships _ the language. A. inside B. outside C. between D. out of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15._ refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indic
9、ates the following relationships such as word-class, tense meaning, etc. A. Lexical meaning B. Conceptual meaning C. Grammatical meanings D. Associative meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Normally, we classify styles into _. A. general, neutral, informal B. formal, neutral, informal C. frozen, casual, intim
10、ate D. poetic, colloquial, slang（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.In diachronic approach, other meanings apart from the primary meaning of a word were acquired by _. A. extension B. narrowing C. analogy D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether _. A
11、. they come from the same source B. they are correlated with one central meaning C. they are listed under one headword in a dictionary D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The way to define an antonym is based on _. A. contradiction B. contrariness C. oppositeness D. relativeness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.T
12、he meaning of picture changed by the mode of _. A. extension B. narrowing C. degradation D. elevation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The meaning of “fond“ changed from “foolish“ to “affectionate“ by mode of _. A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.Extra-linguistic factors of w
13、ord-meaning change include _. A. historical reason B. psychological reason C. class reason D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Extra-linguistic context excludes _. A. people B. time C. place D. clauses（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24._ may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. A. Gramma
14、r B. Context C. Pronunciation D. Ambiguity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Which is not true of idioms?_ A. They are grammatically analyzable. B. Their word order can not be inverted. C. An idiom is a semantic unity. D. The structure of an idiom is usually unchangeable.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26._ are mainly proverbs a
15、nd sayings. A. Idioms nominal in nature B. Idioms verbal in nature C. Idioms adverbial in nature D. Sentence idioms（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical colouring which doesnt include _. A. phonetic manipulation B. lexical manipulation C. stylistic manipulation D. figures of speech
16、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.The changes in constituents of idioms exclude _. A. replacement B. addition or deletion C. repletion D. dismembering（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.The best-known unabridged dictionary is _. A. Websters Third New International Dictionary B. The Word Book Dictionary C. The Oxford Dictionary o
17、f English Etymology D. The Encyclopedia Britannica（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.American dictionaries contain more _ information in the main body than the British. A. grammatical B. encyclopedic C. structural D. lexical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B(总题数：10，分数：15.00)31.From a 1 point of view, words can be studied at a p
18、oint in time, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_32.As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain, the Celtic languages gradually 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_33.Most morpheme are realized by single morphs like bird, tree, green, sad, want, etc. Words of this kind are
19、 called 1 words.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_34.The open 1 are the same in form as free phrases.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_35.A word is the 1 of form and meaning.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_36.Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_37.The vocabulary of a language is in constant change
20、: old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal 1 of the whole set alter.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_38.Observation shows that it is much more common for word meanings to change in 1 from neutral to pejorative than it is for them to go the other way.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_39.Th
21、e semantic unity of idioms is reflected in 1 relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_40.Dictionaries are closely related to 1, which explains why we make a general survey of English dictionaries in this course.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_三、B(总题数：5，分数：15
22、.00)41.terminology（分数：3.00）_42.free morphemes（分数：3.00）_43.acronyms（分数：3.00）_44.homonymy（分数：3.00）_45.grammatical context（分数：3.00）_四、B(总题数：4，分数：20.00)46.Words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us. Illustrate with examples the respects the words rel
23、ating to.（分数：5.00）_47.How do you distinguish compounds from free phrases? Give examples to support your point.（分数：5.00）_48.Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.（分数：5.00）_49.Why is context very important for the understanding of word
24、-meaning?（分数：5.00）_五、B(总题数：2，分数：20.00)50.He has been sick since this fall. Tell what “sick“ and “fall“ mean respectively and explain why they take on those meanings in modern American English.（分数：10.00）_51.Explain the rhetoric use of homonyms in Bs speech. Give the two possible Chinese translations:
25、 A: “What colour would you paint the sun and the wind?“ B: “The sun rose and wind blue. “（分数：10.00）_英语词汇学自考题-6 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Lexicology inquires into the _ and meanings of words. A. relations B. disciplines C. origins D. development（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 Lexicology
26、 is a., inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. 词汇学研究词汇的起源和意义。答案为 C。2.The reason for that more and more differences occur between sound and form is that the English alphabet was adopted from the _. A. Pacifics B. Germanics C. Celtics D. Romans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 With the development of
27、 the language, more and more differences occur between the two. The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans. 随着语言发展，声音和形式之间的差异越来越大。产生这一差异的内在原因是英语拼写采用了罗马字母。答案为 D。3._ are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or
28、 limited use. A. Neologisms B. Archaisms C. Jargons D. Terminologies（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 Archaisms are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. 古语词是指过去曾经广泛使用而现在仅限于某些特殊用法的词。答案为 B。4.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000 (so
29、me put it 5000) languages, which can be grouped into roughly _ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. A. 500 B. 4000 C. 300 D. 2000（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000(some put it 5000)languages, which can be group
30、ed into roughly 300 language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. 据估计，世界上约有 3000 多种(有人认为有 5000 种)语言。这些语言可以根据他们的基本词汇和语法的相似性大致划为 300 个谱系。答案为 C。5.The introduction of _ at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary. A. printing B. Chri
31、stianity C. French words D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary. 6 世纪末基督教的传人给英语词汇带来了很大影响。答案为 B。6.The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. _ of them are still in use today. A. Eighty-five
32、percent B. Fifty-six percent C. Seventy-two percent D. Seventy-five percent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 Between 1250 and 1500 about 9,000 words of French origin poured into English. Seventy five percent of them are still in use today. 从 1250 年到 1500 年约有 9000 个法语词汇进入到英语中，其中 75%仍在使用。答案为 D。7._ means an old
33、form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need. A. Creation B. Semantic change C. Borrowing D. Derivation（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need. 旧词新义是指赋予旧有词汇新的含义以满足新的需要。答案为 B。8.Chiefly found in derived words, bound morpheme
34、s include _. A. bound roots B. inflectional affixes C. derivational affixes D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 Bound morphemes include two types：bound root and affix. Affix can be put into two groups: inflectional and derivational affixes. 粘附词素有两类：粘附词根和词缀。词缀又可分为两组：内部屈折词缀和派生词缀。答案为 D。9.Of the fol
35、lowing word-formation processes, _ is the most productive. A. clipping B. blending C. initialism D. derivation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 现在有许多种结构方式，如词缀法(affixation)、复合法(compounding)、转类法(conversion)、拼缀法(blending)、截短法(dipping)等。其中，用词缀法构词又叫派生词(derivation)，是最多产的构词方式。答案为 D。10.Which of the following prefixes
36、 can not be used to indicate time and order?_ A. Ex-. B. Fore-. C. Post-. D. Para-.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 前缀 para-表示“半，在旁边”，因此不是表示时间和顺序的。答案为 D。11.The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _ aspects. A. phonetic features B. semantic features C. grammatical features D. all the above（
37、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 Compounds differ from free phrases in the following three aspects: (1)Phonetic features：(2)Semantic features；(3)Grammatical features. 复合词和自由词组的区别表现在以下方面：(1)语音特点；(2)语义特点；(3)语法特点。答案为 D。12.Which of the following words is not formed through clipping?_ A. Dorm. B. Motel. C. Gent. D
38、. Zoo.（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 dorm 截自 dormitory，gent 截自 gentlemen，zoo 截自 zoological garden。而 motel 是通过拼缀法形成的，源自 motor(汽车)+hotel(宾馆)。答案为 B。13.Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _. A. prefixation B. suffixation C. acronymy D. conversion（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 Back-formation is
39、considered to be the opposite of suffixation. 逆生法被认为是后缀法的对立过程。答案为 B。14.Unlike reference, “sense“ denotes the relationships _ the language. A. inside B. outside C. between D. out of（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 Unlike reference, “sense“ denotes the relationship inside the language. 与所指不同的是，“语义”指的是语言内部的关系。答
40、案为 A。15._ refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates the following relationships such as word-class, tense meaning, etc. A. Lexical meaning B. Conceptual meaning C. Grammatical meanings D. Associative meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 Grammatical meanings refer to that part of the m
41、eaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms. 答案为 C。16.Normally, we classify styles into _. A. general, neutral, informal B. formal, neutral, informal
42、 C. frozen, casual, intimate D. poetic, colloquial, slang（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 People normally classify styles into “formal“, “neutral“ and “informal“. 人们通常将文体分为正式、中性和非正式。答案为 B。17.In diachronic approach, other meanings apart from the primary meaning of a word were acquired by _. A. extension B. na
43、rrowing C. analogy D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 All the rest are derived later on from the primary meaning. These meanings were acquired by extension, narrowing, analogy, transfer, etc. 答案为 D。18.The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether _. A. they come from the same source B. they are correlated with one central meaning C. they are listed under one headword in a dictionary D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 区分同形同音异义词和多义词的一个重要标准是看它们的词源，第二个是语义是否相关。第三个是在词典中多义词是列在同一个词条下的，而同形同音异义词则列入不同的词条。答案为 D。
