1、英语国家概况自考题-22 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B/B(总题数：25，分数：25.00)1.Formal education in the United States consists of _. A. kindergarten, junior and senior education B. junior, elementary and secondary education C. elementary, secondary and higher education D. kindergarten, secondary and higher educatio
2、n（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Education was made a function of the state under the _ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. A. Tenth B. Eleventh C. Twelfth D. Thirteenth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Which statement about American education is NOT true? _ A. Elementary and secondary education is free and noncompulsory. B. T
3、here are more public elementary and secondary schools than private ones. C. Public schools are financially supported and governed by states or communities. D. Public and private schools refer to the way in which these institutions are funded and controlled.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The total financial supp
4、ort for public schools makes up about _ of the American GNP. A. 6 percent B. 7 percent C. 9 percent D. 10 percent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Of the following subjects, _ is not one of the “basics“ of elementary school curriculum. A. reading B. writing C. history D. mathematics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Of the four k
5、inds of high schools, _ ones only aim to prepare students for college. A. comprehensive B. academic C. vocational D. technical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Higher education in the U.S. consists of _ types of institutions. A. four B. five C. six D. seven（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Military institutions belong to _. A. r
6、esearch universities B. Doctoral universities C. Junior colleges D. Specialized institutions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The community college made its appearance in the early _. A. 1700s B. 1800s C. 1900s D. 1990s（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.In the United States two-year colleges are also known as _. A. small college
7、s B. lower colleges C. community colleges D. industrial colleges（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.One of the goals set by President Bush in his plan “America 2000“ is _. A. increasing the adult literacy rate B. eliminating drugs and violence at school C. bettering all the students foreign languages D. improving t
8、he high-school graduation rate to 80%（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12._ was the only writer in the colonial period whose works are still read today. A. Benjamin Franklin B. Washington Irving C. Ralph Waldo Emerson D. Nathaniel Hawthorne（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.In the early part of the 19th century, _ was the center o
9、f American writing. A. Boston B. Philadelphia C. Chicago D. New York（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.In 1836, published his famous book Nature, which is the clearest statement of Transcendentalist ideas. A. Walt Whitman B. Emily Dickinson C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Ralph Waldo Emerson（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Mark Twai
10、n became nationally famous with his _. A. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn B. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer C. The Celebrated Jumping Frog D. The Gilded Age（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Mark Twains masterwork was _. A. The Scarlet Letter B. Leaves of Grass C. The Sketch Book D. The Adventures of Huckleberry
11、Finn（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.In his masterpiece Leaves of Grass, _ praised the ideas of equality and democracy and celebrated the dignity and the self-reliant spirit of the common man. A. T.S. Eliot B. Mark Twain C. Walt Whitman D. Emily Dickson（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.Theodore Dreiser was the literary Americ
12、an representative of _. A. Romanticists B. Transcendentalists C. Modernists D. Naturalists（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19._ is not written by Theodore Dreiser. A. Sister Carrie B. Trilogy of Desire C. An American Tragedy D. The Scarlet Letter（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Of the writers listed in the following who was awa
13、rded the Nobel Prize in 1946 for Literature is _. A. Mark Twain B. Theodore Dreiser C. Langston Hughes D. T.S Eliot（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21._ is T.S. Eliots masterpiece, which is considered the manifesto of the “Lost Generation“. A. The Weary Blues B. The Waste Land C. The Scarlet Letter D. Song of Mysel
14、f（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.In the 1920s, Black Literature developed into an upsurge, which has come to be known as the _. A. Knickerbockers Era B. Transcendentalism C. Harlem Renaissance D. Naturalism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.In his old Man and the Sea, Hemingway praises the old fishermans _. A. courage to acce
15、pt misery in life B. attitude towards defeat and failure C. courage to fight monsters in the sea D. attitude towards the risks of high seas（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.In his old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway _. A. expresses the idea of facing defeat courageously B. shows the basic goodness and wisdom of
16、 ordinary people C. praises the ideas of equality and democracy and the joy of common people D. describes the sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Langston Hughes was regarded as Black Americas poet laureate because _. A. he depicted urban Blacks realistica
17、lly B. he wrote in free verse C. he used unconventional forms D. all of the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B/B(总题数：10，分数：30.00)26.Why is education very important to Americans?（分数：3.00）_27.What are the three kinds of the American high schools?（分数：3.00）_28.What is the difference between an academic high scho
18、ol and a technical high school?（分数：3.00）_29.Why is the board of trustees which governs American colleges and universities composed primarily of laymen?（分数：3.00）_30.What are the reasons for the rapid growth of the community college in America?（分数：3.00）_31.What were the two focuses of the American edu
19、cational reform in the mid-1980s?（分数：3.00）_32.What did the real American Literature begin?（分数：3.00）_33.Who were the writers of the first American writings?（分数：3.00）_34.What does Mark Twain want to put across in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?（分数：3.00）_35.What is The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot cons
20、idered?（分数：3.00）_三、B/B(总题数：5，分数：45.00)36.Research university（分数：9.00）_37.specialized institutions（分数：9.00）_38.open admissions（分数：9.00）_39.knickerbockers era（分数：9.00）_40.Harlem（分数：9.00）_英语国家概况自考题-22 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B/B(总题数：25，分数：25.00)1.Formal education in the United States consists of _.
21、 A. kindergarten, junior and senior education B. junior, elementary and secondary education C. elementary, secondary and higher education D. kindergarten, secondary and higher education（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 美国的正规教育由初等教育、中等教育和高等教育构成。2.Education was made a function of the state under the _ Amendment
22、 to the U.S. Constitution. A. Tenth B. Eleventh C. Twelfth D. Thirteenth（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 根据美国的宪法第十条修正案，教育是“保留给各州或人民”的责任之一。这清楚地说明教育是州的职责，而不是联邦政府的。3.Which statement about American education is NOT true? _ A. Elementary and secondary education is free and noncompulsory. B. There are more public
23、elementary and secondary schools than private ones. C. Public schools are financially supported and governed by states or communities. D. Public and private schools refer to the way in which these institutions are funded and controlled.（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 美国的初等和中等教育属公立教育，是免费的，也是强制的。4.The total f
24、inancial support for public schools makes up about _ of the American GNP. A. 6 percent B. 7 percent C. 9 percent D. 10 percent（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 公立学校财政资助的总数一年大概是 1850亿美元，约占国民生产总值的 7%，办学的经费要来自各州和地方政府的财政资助。5.Of the following subjects, _ is not one of the “basics“ of elementary school curriculum.
25、A. reading B. writing C. history D. mathematics（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 各小学的课程有某种程度的相似，主要都是对“基础课”的掌握，比如阅读、写作和算术或数学等。6.Of the four kinds of high schools, _ ones only aim to prepare students for college. A. comprehensive B. academic C. vocational D. technical（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 四类高中当中，学术性高中的唯一目的是为大
26、学培养学生。7.Higher education in the U.S. consists of _ types of institutions. A. four B. five C. six D. seven（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 根据 1994年卡内基高等教育机构分类，美国总共有 3595个高等教育机构，其中有125所科研型大学，111 所博士学位大学，529 所硕士学位的综合性学院和大学，637 所可授予文学学士的学士学位学院，1471 所大专和 722个专科机构。8.Military institutions belong to _. A. research u
27、niversities B. Doctoral universities C. Junior colleges D. Specialized institutions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 军事学校属于专业学院。9.The community college made its appearance in the early _. A. 1700s B. 1800s C. 1900s D. 1990s（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 另一个引起世界关注的美国高等教育的方面是社区学院及其作用。这种两年制学院出现于20世纪初期，当时是为了满足经济扩张和迅速增加的
28、移民的燃眉之需。10.In the United States two-year colleges are also known as _. A. small colleges B. lower colleges C. community colleges D. industrial colleges（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 美国的两年制学院出现于 20世纪初期，也被称为社区学院。11.One of the goals set by President Bush in his plan “America 2000“ is _. A. increasing the adul
29、t literacy rate B. eliminating drugs and violence at school C. bettering all the students foreign languages D. improving the high-school graduation rate to 80%（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 1991 年 4月 18日，布什总统提出了他的“美国 2000年：教育战略”计划。计划提出了 6个目标：(1)确保所有学龄前儿童都作好进入学校学习的准备；(2)提高全国高中生毕业率，至少到90%；(3)学生要参加英语、数学、科学、历史
30、和地理统考；(4)使美国学生在数学和科学方面的成绩达到世界一流水平；(5)根除学校里的吸毒和暴力；(6)在美国成年人中扫除文盲。12._ was the only writer in the colonial period whose works are still read today. A. Benjamin Franklin B. Washington Irving C. Ralph Waldo Emerson D. Nathaniel Hawthorne（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 本杰明富兰克林(17061790)是殖民时期唯一一位其作品至今仍广为传颂的作家。13.
31、In the early part of the 19th century, _ was the center of American writing. A. Boston B. Philadelphia C. Chicago D. New York（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 在 19世纪初期，纽约市是美国的写作中心。这里的作家被称为“纽约市人”，从 1810到1840年的这段时期称为美国文学的“纽约市人时期”。14.In 1836, published his famous book Nature, which is the clearest statement of T
32、ranscendentalist ideas. A. Walt Whitman B. Emily Dickinson C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Ralph Waldo Emerson（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 1836 年，爱默生出版了他著名的一本书论自然非常清楚地阐述了先验主义者的观点。15.Mark Twain became nationally famous with his _. A. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn B. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer C. The Cele
33、brated Jumping Frog D. The Gilded Age（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 1865 年，马克吐温以短篇小说有名的跳蛙而闻名全国。16.Mark Twains masterwork was _. A. The Scarlet Letter B. Leaves of Grass C. The Sketch Book D. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 哈克贝利费恩历险记成为马克吐温的代表作。17.In his masterpiece Leaves of Grass,
34、 _ praised the ideas of equality and democracy and celebrated the dignity and the self-reliant spirit of the common man. A. T.S. Eliot B. Mark Twain C. Walt Whitman D. Emily Dickson（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 在惠特曼的代表作草叶集中，他颂扬平等、氏主的思想，赞美尊严、自主精神和普通人的快乐。18.Theodore Dreiser was the literary American represe
35、ntative of _. A. Romanticists B. Transcendentalists C. Modernists D. Naturalists（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 在 19世纪的最后几十年和 20世纪的前十年里，一些美国作家在他们的作品里忠实、客观地反映了贫民区的生活。他们自称为自然主义者，德莱塞就是他们的代表人物。19._ is not written by Theodore Dreiser. A. Sister Carrie B. Trilogy of Desire C. An American Tragedy D. The Scarlet Le
36、tter（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 德莱塞的第一部小说是嘉莉妹妹。德莱塞因他的欲望三部曲而出名金融家、巨人、斯多葛，还有被认为是他最好作品的美国的悲剧。20.Of the writers listed in the following who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1946 for Literature is _. A. Mark Twain B. Theodore Dreiser C. Langston Hughes D. T.S Eliot（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 托马斯史蒂恩斯艾略特(18881965)出生
37、在美国，于 1946年获诺贝尔文学奖。21._ is T.S. Eliots masterpiece, which is considered the manifesto of the “Lost Generation“. A. The Weary Blues B. The Waste Land C. The Scarlet Letter D. Song of Myself（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 艾略特的代表作荒原展现了战后欧洲的精神危机，被认为是“迷惘的一代”的宣言书。22.In the 1920s, Black Literature developed into a
38、n upsurge, which has come to be known as the _. A. Knickerbockers Era B. Transcendentalism C. Harlem Renaissance D. Naturalism（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 20 世纪 20年代，黑人文学发展到高潮，即所谓的哈莱姆复兴。23.In his old Man and the Sea, Hemingway praises the old fishermans _. A. courage to accept misery in life B. attitude
39、towards defeat and failure C. courage to fight monsters in the sea D. attitude towards the risks of high seas（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 许多评论家认为老人与海是海明威的代表作，小说中海明威赞赏老渔夫对待失败的态度，并且认为，勇敢地面对失败和不屈服于失败是人类值得崇尚的品质。24.In his old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway _. A. expresses the idea of facing defeat courageo
40、usly B. shows the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people C. praises the ideas of equality and democracy and the joy of common people D. describes the sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 老人与海中海明威赞赏老渔夫对待失败的态度，并且他认为，勇敢地面对失败和不屈服于失败是人类值得崇尚的品质。25.Langs
41、ton Hughes was regarded as Black Americas poet laureate because _. A. he depicted urban Blacks realistically B. he wrote in free verse C. he used unconventional forms D. all of the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 休斯被认为是美国黑人诗人中的佼佼者，是第一批用现实主义手法描写城市黑人的作家之一。休斯创作的是无韵诗，使用的不是传统形式。二、B/B(总题数：10，分数：30.00)26.Why
42、is education very important to Americans?（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(Because it contributes to developing the national strength and personal success.)解析：27.What are the three kinds of the American high schools?（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(They are made up of comprehensive, academic, vocational and technical schools with somewhat different tasks.)解析：28.What is the difference between an academic high
