1、英语写作自考题分类模拟 7及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：8，分数：100.00)1.The following passage is incomplete with the concluding paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage
2、provided. Manners Are ImportantAs one looks about, it becomes very easy to conclude that good manners seem to be a thing of the past. More and more people seem to be discourteous to one another, more indicative of a “survival of the fittest“ attitude of living in a civilized society. Although much o
3、f what was considered good manners at the turn of the last century may no longer be appropriate, common courtesy and acceptable behavior are still necessary to make life pleasant, especially as our cities become more and more crowded. Although common courtesy is the underlying framework, good manner
4、s are manifested in two distinct areas, business and social relationships. The world of business has become increasingly impersonal over the years. The fast development of computers has removed the personal touch from many business dealings. It is not uncommon, when phoning a company, to get a recor
5、ded message telling us which number to press. When we finally do get a live person on the other end, he often seems uncaring. Good business sense, though, would dictate the importance of getting back to the personal touch. The speaker should identify himself by name to the caller and make every effo
6、rt to be courteous and helpful. Above all, he should take great pains to assure the call is not disconnected. In addition, he should make certain that the caller is connected to his party and not kept waiting long while listening to canned music. Good manners will assure happy, loyal customers. Good
7、 manners are, perhaps, most frequently associated with social relationships. Unfortunately, here again they seem to be in decline. Giving up one“s seat on a crowded bus to an elderly person, a pregnant woman, or an obviously tired person seems to be a thing of the past. People also seem to have forg
8、otten how to behave as an audience. It is not uncommon to see people putting their feet up on the seats in front of them or talking loudly during a movie or play. Even restaurants are not immune from the lack of good manners. Young parents do not seem to care that their children are roaming througho
9、ut the restaurant or are crying and disturbing the other guests. These examples touch only the surface of the rapid decline of good manners. （分数：12.50）_2.Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline“ for it. Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to th
10、e study of the sea“. Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exc
11、eption of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?“ had to be answered with any commercial
12、 consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlntic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for info
13、rmation on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The
14、cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper part
15、s of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume b
16、eing published in 1895. （分数：12.50）_3.The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided. Why People Should ExerciseIn the past
17、, I had never been inclined to participate in sports. Honestly, I didn“t like it, but many persons whom I lived with kept telling me every day how good it was. Since the peer pressure was growing, I decided to go to the gym. It wasn“t until then that I could really understand people when they said e
18、xercise really helped a person get organized and keep healthy, physically and mentally. For starters, if you are a lazy person, it is difficult to take the first step. But it is all a matter of committing yourself to something that will provide you with much positive feedback. Once you start exercis
19、ing and observing positive results, you will actually enjoy it. It takes much effort and a strong will, but it“s worth it. The principal thing to do is to take up a sport you like. If you do, you will start organizing your day in a way that enables you to do whatever you have to, including exercisin
20、g. You will no longer be a person stressed out without time to carry on with all your activities. _ _ _ _ Moreover, exercising is good because it affects you positively in a mental and psychological way. Exercising helps you set specific goals which, along with a strong will, can be achieved. When r
21、eaching the goals, you come to know your abilities and your weaknesses, and your self-esteem is enhanced. Any sport relieves stress because it distracts you from thinking about school, work, or your problems, among other things. It helps keep you uplifted and avoid unhealthy habits like indulgence i
22、n TV and computer games. Exercising is very important to any person of any age. The positive effects, which I“ve already mentioned, are like a chain. Once you take up a sport that you like, you become better organized. Therefore, you start doing things the right way and enjoy enormous benefits. As a
23、 result, you feel good as a healthy human being. You start living your life happily. （分数：12.50）_4.The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity wit
24、h the passage provided. Nowadays, almost everyone has to compete with others for success, for good jobs, and for better lives. Unfortunately, many people who failed a few times lost their confidence. _ _ _ _ Self-confidence plays an important role in competition. With self-confidence, a weak team ma
25、y defeat a strong one, common people may do their best or even accomplish missions impossible. In contrast, without self-confidence, sports stars, smart people, and great men may also fail. Such examples are numerous. Since self-confidence is so important we should try hard to develop our self-confi
26、dence by aggressively getting involved in competition and trying to win all the time. At best, a win will make us realize our strengths; at worst, a loss will help US know our weakness. Since life is an endless competition, let“s face it with self-confidence and succeed. （分数：12.50）_5.Read the follow
27、ing passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline“ for it. The Decline in Writing SkillsTeachers have always complained that students cannot write well and there can be no denying that in the past twenty-five years writing skills have hit an all-time low. Students, as well as many people on the
28、job have difficulty expressing themselves in written English. The decline is due in part to students, attitude towards writing in the past two decades and modern devices such as the television and the telephone. The student protests over 20 years ago were a major factor for the decline in writing sk
29、ills. At many schools, the faculty gave in and greatly reduced or eliminated freshman composition courses. At one college, where all undergraduates had been required to take two years of English, students were given the option of taking credits in fine arts, humanities, or English. Most preferred fi
30、ne arts since it required little effort on their partand absolutely no writing. With so little demand, the English faculty dropped from seventy-one to thirty within one year. Compounding the problem was the fact that some faculty members felt that making students write correctly was stifling their c
31、reativity. They told students not to worry about sentence structure, grammar, or spelling but just to get their feelings on paper. Those who wrote papers with sloppy sentences and numerous grammar errors could pass and even score high if their ideas were on the right track. The results were horrendo
32、us and saddening because many students“ writing ability greatly declined. They simply could not write properly. The television and the telephone must also be held responsible for the rapid decline in writing skills. Television viewing increasingly takes up more and more of a person“s leisure time, t
33、ime that should be spent writing and reading. No longer will youngsters write in their diaries or try to express their feelings and thoughts in poetry. Instead they would much rather space out in front of the TV, remote in hand, and switch channels. Laughter and screaming are constantly heard. Nor w
34、ill they read extensively and be exposed to the workings of the language and absorb the nuances of effective communication. The telephone is even a greater culprit. Why should one bother to write letters when one can punch in a number and speak to the other party? There is no need to write down one“
35、s thoughts and then wait for a response; gratification is immediate. Modern technology has even eliminated the need to jot notes to other members of the family: the memo unit on the answering machine takes care of that. It is no wonder that writing skills have steadily declined over the past twentyf
36、ive years. Today“s youths, for the most part, see little need for writing. The telephone is their direct line of communication, and the television supplies them with immediate entertainment. The student activism of the 1970s has had its own perverse effect: it turned out a whole generation that was
37、taught that correct writing is succumbing to the dictates of society. And the horror of horrors is that many of these students are now teachers. （分数：12.50）_6.Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline“ for it. The Effects of Television on Children“s Social RelationsTV presents
38、 the child with a distorted definition of reality. The child in the affluent suburb or the small mid-western town exists within his own limited reality. His experience with social problems or people of different races, religions, or nationalities is probably somewhat limited. As television exposes h
39、im to a diversity of people and ideas, it surely expands the boundaries of his reality. It is precisely because he now relies heavily on TV to define other realities for him that we must examine carefully what those images are. If they are inaccurate or distorted, then television“s reality is potent
40、ially harmful. TV distorts reality by selecting certain kinds of images and omitting others and by portraying people in a stereotyped way. It portrays some categories of people with beauty, power and importance and renders others weak, helpless or invisible. So serious is the relative invisibility o
41、f some groups on TV that Dr. George Gerbner of the Annenberg School of Communications contends, “If you“re not on TV, you don“t exist.“ The TV camera selects certain images to be examples, sometimes functioning like a magnifying glass held up to the worst in civilization instead of the best. When TV
42、 producers focus on violent ugliness, they lift it out and hold it up for all to see, making it impressively larger than life. A fist fight that occurs outside my window and is witnessed by only five people may be videotaped, broadcast and “witnessed“ vicariously by millions of people, thus multiply
43、ing the example set by the fist fighters. In the United States, most people have not witnessed murder, yet because of television most children have seen hundreds of thousands of violent deaths and therefore believe that the world is more violent than it actually is. TV says, in effect: This is the w
44、ay the world works. There are the rules. The images presented on TV tend to be exaggerated or glorified, and so believed and accepted as models to be copied. After TV heavily promoted Evel Knievel“s attempt to “fly“ his motorcycle over the Snake River, many children imitated his stunts with their bi
45、cycles on home made ramps. And many landed in hospitals. TV affects human relationships as well as behavior by influencing our feelings about ourselves and our expectations for ourselves and others. Too frequently stereotypes provide us with instant definitions. The stereotype assigns to an individu
46、al characteristics associated with a group that may or may not be accurate. We tend to note a single feature of a person and fill in the details from a storehouse of stereotypes. Via TV“s stereotypes we see men as strong and active, women pretty and at home. All too frequently, minorities are cast in exaggerated portrayals and stereotyped roles, more as white male producers perceive them than the way minority persons perceive themsel
