1、英语写作自考题-7 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1. Different Types of ParentsIt is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents views of life vary, they love their children in different ways. Generally speaking, in terms of how they treat their chil
2、dren, parents fall into three basic types: autocratic, democratic, and permissive.The autocratic parents word is the law. He always sets rules, expecting complete obedience from his children. He assumes that he knows what is best for his children and that they will learn discipline and respect for a
3、uthority from his orders. He does not realize that he may not know best and that rules without mercy may breed contempt for authority. If the child came home late from a party because a major accident on the highway tied up traffic for miles, this parent would not allow the child to explain his reas
4、ons for being late. The child would be immediately punished. This kind of parent probably has good intentions, wanting his child to grow up “right,“ but his approach to the task may lead to conflicts.The democratic parent is not so strict. He is willing to discuss rules with his children and listen
5、to their side of an argument. If his child came home an hour late from a party, he would listen to the explanation instead of punishing the child immediately. In general, the democratic parent lays down fewer rules than his autocratic counterpart because he realizes children must learn certain thing
6、s in life on their own. He prefers to play the role of an advisor and is always available when his children need help._Too few people with children are democratic parents, which is the best of the three types. Too much or too little authority often breeds disrespect and resentment. A good parent sho
7、uld offer guidance and advice; he should not try to rule his children or disregard his children completely.（分数：20.00）_二、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2. The Effects of Television on Childrens Social RelationsTV presents the child with a distorted definition of reality. The child in the affluent suburb or the sma
8、ll mid-western town exists within his own limited reality. His experience with social problems or people of different races, religions, or nationalities is probably somewhat limited. As television exposes him to a diversity of people and ideas, it surely expands the boundaries of his reality. It is
9、precisely because he now relies heavily on TV to define other realities for him that we must examine carefully what those images are. If they are inaccurate or distorted, then televisions reality is potentially harmful.TV distorts reality by selecting certain kinds of images and omitting others and
10、by portraying people in a stereotyped way. It portrays some categories of people with beauty, power and importance and renders others weak, helpless or invisible. So serious is the relative invisibility of some groups on TV that Dr.George Gerbner of the Annenberg School of Communications contends, “
11、If youre not on TV, you dont exist.“The TV camera selects certain images to be examples, sometimes functioning like a magnifying glass held up to the worst in civilization instead of the best. When TV producers focus on violent ugliness, they lift it out and hold it up for all to see, making it impr
12、essively larger than life. A fist fight that occurs outside my window and is witnessed by only five people may be videotaped, broadcast and “witnessed“ vicariously by millions of people, thus multiplying the example set by the fist fighters. In the United States, most people have not witnessed murde
13、r, yet because of television most children have seen hundreds of thousands of violent deaths and therefore believe that the world is more violent than it actually is.TV says, in effect: This is the way the world works. There are the rules. The images presented on TV tend to be exaggerated or glorifi
14、ed, and so believed and accepted as models to be copied. After TV heavily promoted Evel Knievels attempt to “fly“ his motorcycle over the Snake River, many children imitated his stunts with their bicycles on home made ramps. And many landed in hospitals.TV affects human relationships as well as beha
15、vior by influencing our feelings about ourselves and our expectations for ourselves and others. Too frequently stereotypes provide us with instant definitions. The stereotype assigns to an individual characteristics associated with a group that may or may not be accurate. We tend to note a single fe
16、ature of a person and fill in the details from a storehouse of stereotypes.Via TVs stereotypes we see men as strong and active, women pretty and at home. All too frequently, minorities are cast in exaggerated portrayals and stereotyped roles, more as white male producers perceive them than the way m
17、inority persons perceive themselves.Exposure to stereotyped presentations can easily influence viewers behavior toward unfamiliar people. TV images, in fact, teach values and behaviors, especially to children who have little firsthand knowledge of the real world. To the extent that children are expo
18、sed to certain characters portrayals and behaviors on TV, they may acquire or learn those behaviors and roles and eventually accept them as models for their own attitudes and actions.Perhaps most serious are the effects of information distortions on the childs self-image. At some level we begin to j
19、udge our own meaning, dignity and worth in comparison with the TV characters who portray people like us. We should be fully aware that there inaccurate or distorted portrayal may be harmful to childrens growth.（分数：20.00）_三、B(总题数：1，分数：60.00)3.Write an essay about something or someone interests you, t
20、rying to use the strategy of exemplification.（分数：60.00）_英语写作自考题-7 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1. Different Types of ParentsIt is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents views of life vary, they love their children in different ways. Ge
21、nerally speaking, in terms of how they treat their children, parents fall into three basic types: autocratic, democratic, and permissive.The autocratic parents word is the law. He always sets rules, expecting complete obedience from his children. He assumes that he knows what is best for his childre
22、n and that they will learn discipline and respect for authority from his orders. He does not realize that he may not know best and that rules without mercy may breed contempt for authority. If the child came home late from a party because a major accident on the highway tied up traffic for miles, th
23、is parent would not allow the child to explain his reasons for being late. The child would be immediately punished. This kind of parent probably has good intentions, wanting his child to grow up “right,“ but his approach to the task may lead to conflicts.The democratic parent is not so strict. He is
24、 willing to discuss rules with his children and listen to their side of an argument. If his child came home an hour late from a party, he would listen to the explanation instead of punishing the child immediately. In general, the democratic parent lays down fewer rules than his autocratic counterpar
25、t because he realizes children must learn certain things in life on their own. He prefers to play the role of an advisor and is always available when his children need help._Too few people with children are democratic parents, which is the best of the three types. Too much or too little authority of
26、ten breeds disrespect and resentment. A good parent should offer guidance and advice; he should not try to rule his children or disregard his children completely.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The permissive parent has no rules for his children and offers little guidance. Frequently, this parent is too busy to ta
27、ke time with his children and leaves them to TV, school and chance. He allows his children to come and go as they please. He doesnt care what they do or he thinks they must learn to set their own rules. This parent doesnt understand that all young people need guidance because when they grow up, they
28、 will have to abide by rules of society. Not learning to respect order early may cause the children to resent the rules everyone must obey.)解析：解析 本文旨在通过对专制型、民主型及纵容型三种不同类型父母对待孩子的不同态度的描写，以形成鲜明的对比，从而得出一位合格的父母所应具备的品质及要求：为孩子提供指导和建议；不要试图对孩子进行统治或者完全忽视他们。文章结构整齐，思路清晰，首段和尾段均对缺省段起到了提示的作用。如果对各段大意及相互关系有了准确的把握，那么
29、补全缺省段落也就迎韧而解了。下面，让我们对文中各段做一下分析： 第一段，父母关爱自己的孩子是一个为大众所公认的真理。然而，父母对待生活的不同态度形成了他们关爱子女的不同方式。一般说来，根据父母对待子女的不同方式，可以将他们分为三类：专制型父母、民主型父母及纵容型父母。 第二段，对于专制型父母来说，他们的话就是法律。他总是立下规矩，期望孩子对他完全顺从。他自认为他知道什么对孩子的成长有利，并确信他的命令会使孩子懂得遵守纪律、尊敬长辈，却没有意识到他那冷酷的统治最终会导致孩子对他们手中权力的反抗。 第三段，相比之下，民主型父母就没有那么严格了，他总是愿意与孩子讨论并听取他们的意见。与专制型父母相比
30、，民主型父母只立下少数规定，因为他们知道孩子必须靠自己在生活中学得一些东西。因此，这类父母更喜欢扮演一个建议者的角色，并在孩子需要帮助的时候向他们伸出援助之手。 最后一段，对孩子实行民主的父母太少了。然而，这类父母是最理想的父母。对孩子要求太多或太少都会使孩子对家长产生不满和愤恨。一位好的父/母亲应该对孩子进行指导并给予建议；他不应该对孩子进行统治或者完全忽视他们。 由此可见，第一段首先提出了本文的主题思想句，In terms of how they treat their children, parents fall into three basic types: autocratic, d
31、emocratic, and permissive. 其中关键要掌握三个关键词：autocratic, democratic, and permissive, 因为下文分别要对这三种类型父母进行描述。由此可推知，在对第一类和第二类父母对孩子的态度的介绍之后，随之而来的应该是对纵容型父母的描述。这时，再参照最后一段，可以得出民主型父母是本文作者所推崇的一种类型，这同时也为我们补写缺省段落起到了点晴的作用，即在阐述纵容型父母时，要着重从强调他/她对孩子的态度上所产生的负面影响入手。 原文中一些有用的短语： (1)generally speaking 一般而言(=in general) e.g. G
32、enerally speaking/In general, people like her. 人们一般都喜欢她。 (2)in terms of 根据，按照 e.g. In terms of the benefits of sports, they can keep us healthy, and cultivate our team spirit. 从体育运动给我们带来的好处讲，它们可以使我们保持身体健康，并且培养我们的合作精神。 (3)fall into: 分成(=classify into) e.g. This topic falls naturally into three sectio
33、ns. 这个论题可自然地分成三个部分。 (4)be good for 对有益 e.g. It isnt good for children to give them everything they want. 孩子们要什么就给什么，这对他们并无益处。 (5)tie up 阻碍；使动弹不得 e.g. a): The accident tied up the traffic for hours.这宗事故使交通阻塞了好几个小时。 b) I cant come out tonight. Im a bit tied up at work.今晚我来不了，我有工作实在脱不开身。 (6)be willing
34、to do sth 乐于做 e.g. As an eloquent girl, she is always willing to participate in various debates held in her school. 她很善辩，总是愿意参加学校组织的各种形式的辩论赛。 (7)lay down(坚定或正式)阐述；声明；规定 e.g. The regulations lay down that members must always sign guests in. 规则规定会员必须为带来的客人签字。 (8)on ones own 单独地；独自地 e.g. How do you lik
35、e living on your own?你觉得独自生活怎么样?二、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2. The Effects of Television on Childrens Social RelationsTV presents the child with a distorted definition of reality. The child in the affluent suburb or the small mid-western town exists within his own limited reality. His experience with social
36、problems or people of different races, religions, or nationalities is probably somewhat limited. As television exposes him to a diversity of people and ideas, it surely expands the boundaries of his reality. It is precisely because he now relies heavily on TV to define other realities for him that w
37、e must examine carefully what those images are. If they are inaccurate or distorted, then televisions reality is potentially harmful.TV distorts reality by selecting certain kinds of images and omitting others and by portraying people in a stereotyped way. It portrays some categories of people with
38、beauty, power and importance and renders others weak, helpless or invisible. So serious is the relative invisibility of some groups on TV that Dr.George Gerbner of the Annenberg School of Communications contends, “If youre not on TV, you dont exist.“The TV camera selects certain images to be example
39、s, sometimes functioning like a magnifying glass held up to the worst in civilization instead of the best. When TV producers focus on violent ugliness, they lift it out and hold it up for all to see, making it impressively larger than life. A fist fight that occurs outside my window and is witnessed
40、 by only five people may be videotaped, broadcast and “witnessed“ vicariously by millions of people, thus multiplying the example set by the fist fighters. In the United States, most people have not witnessed murder, yet because of television most children have seen hundreds of thousands of violent
41、deaths and therefore believe that the world is more violent than it actually is.TV says, in effect: This is the way the world works. There are the rules. The images presented on TV tend to be exaggerated or glorified, and so believed and accepted as models to be copied. After TV heavily promoted Eve
42、l Knievels attempt to “fly“ his motorcycle over the Snake River, many children imitated his stunts with their bicycles on home made ramps. And many landed in hospitals.TV affects human relationships as well as behavior by influencing our feelings about ourselves and our expectations for ourselves an
43、d others. Too frequently stereotypes provide us with instant definitions. The stereotype assigns to an individual characteristics associated with a group that may or may not be accurate. We tend to note a single feature of a person and fill in the details from a storehouse of stereotypes.Via TVs ste
44、reotypes we see men as strong and active, women pretty and at home. All too frequently, minorities are cast in exaggerated portrayals and stereotyped roles, more as white male producers perceive them than the way minority persons perceive themselves.Exposure to stereotyped presentations can easily i
45、nfluence viewers behavior toward unfamiliar people. TV images, in fact, teach values and behaviors, especially to children who have little firsthand knowledge of the real world. To the extent that children are exposed to certain characters portrayals and behaviors on TV, they may acquire or learn th
46、ose behaviors and roles and eventually accept them as models for their own attitudes and actions.Perhaps most serious are the effects of information distortions on the childs self-image. At some level we begin to judge our own meaning, dignity and worth in comparison with the TV characters who portr
47、ay people like us. We should be fully aware that there inaccurate or distorted portrayal may be harmful to childrens growth.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(. Introduction: The presentation of distorted reality on TV A. Childrens limited experience B. Childrens heavy reliance on TV C. TVs distorted reality D. Thesis: The reality as presented by TV is potentially harmful. . Different ways of distorting reality A. Portrayal of stereotypes B. Selection of the undesirable . TVs strong effects A. Childrens imitation of stars, actions B. Inaccurate portrayal of unfamiliar people C. Childrens accept
